TY - CHAP U1 - Konferenzveröffentlichung A1 - Schirm, Johannes A1 - Tullius, Gabriela A1 - Habgood, Jacob T1 - Towards an objective measure of presence: examining startle reflexes in a commercial virtual reality game T2 - CHI PLAY ’19 : extended abstracts of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play N2 - A large body of literature is concerned with models of presence— the sensory illusion of being part of a virtual scene— but there is still no general agreement on how to measure it objectively and reliably. For the presented study, we applied contemporary theory to measure presence in virtual reality. Thirty-seven participants explored an existing commercial game in order to complete a collection task. Two startle events were naturally embedded in the game progression to evoke physical reactions and head tracking data was collected in response to these events. Subjective presence was recorded using a post-study questionnaire and real-time assessments. Our novel implementation of behavioral measures lead to insights which could inform future presence research: We propose a measure in which startle reflexes are evoked through specific events in the virtual environment, and head tracking data is compared to the range and speed of baseline interactions. KW - presence KW - virtual reality KW - subjective and behavioral measures KW - head movement KW - startle events KW - game Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-1-4503-6871-1 SB - 978-1-4503-6871-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3341215.3356263 DO - https://doi.org/10.1145/3341215.3356263 SP - 671 EP - 678 S1 - 8 PB - ACM CY - New York, NY ER -