TY  - JOUR
U1  - Zeitschriftenartikel, wissenschaftlich - begutachtet (reviewed)
A1  - Junger, Denise
A1  - Beyersdorffer, Patrick
A1  - Kücherer, Christian
A1  - Burgert, Oliver
T1  - Service-oriented Device Connectivity interface for a situation recognition system in the OR
JF  - International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery
N2  - Purpose
Context awareness in the operating room (OR) is important to realize targeted assistance to support actors during surgery. A situation recognition system (SRS) is used to interpret intraoperative events and derive an intraoperative situation from these. To achieve a modular system architecture, it is desirable to de-couple the SRS from other system components. This leads to the need of an interface between such an SRS and context-aware systems (CAS). This work aims to provide an open standardized interface to enable loose coupling of the SRS with varying CAS to allow vendor-independent device orchestrations.

Methods
A requirements analysis investigated limiting factors that currently prevent the integration of CAS in today's ORs. These elicited requirements enabled the selection of a suitable base architecture. We examined how to specify this architecture with the constraints of an interoperability standard. The resulting middleware was integrated into a prototypic SRS and our system for intraoperative support, the OR-Pad, as exemplary CAS for evaluating whether our solution can enable context-aware assistance during simulated orthopedical interventions.

Results
The emerging Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC) standard series was selected to specify and implement a middleware for providing the interpreted contextual information while the SRS and CAS are loosely coupled. The results were verified within a proof of concept study using the OR-Pad demonstration scenario. The fulfillment of the CAS’ requirements to act context-aware, conformity to the SDC standard series, and the effort for integrating the middleware in individual systems were evaluated. The semantically unambiguous encoding of contextual information depends on the further standardization process of the SDC nomenclature. The discussion of the validity of these results proved the applicability and transferability of the middleware.

Conclusion
The specified and implemented SDC-based middleware shows the feasibility of loose coupling an SRS with unknown CAS to realize context-aware assistance in the OR.
KW  - context awareness
KW  - situation recognition system
KW  - context-aware system
KW  - SDC
KW  - OR-pad
KW  - intraoperative area
Y1  - 2022
UN  - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-37221
SN  - 1861-6429
SS  - 1861-6429
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-022-02666-4
DO  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-022-02666-4
VL  - 17
IS  - 11
SP  - 2161
EP  - 2171
S1  - 11
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  -