@incollection{MahltigTextor2021, author = {Mahltig, Boris and Textor, Torsten}, title = {Nanocoatings by sol-gel processes for functionalization of polymer surfaces and textiles}, series = {Handbook of modern coating technologies : Fabrication methods and functional properties}, booktitle = {Handbook of modern coating technologies : Fabrication methods and functional properties}, editor = {Aliofkhazraei, Mahmood and Ali, Nasar and Chipara, Mircea}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {978-0-444-63240-1}, doi = {10.1016/B978-0-444-63240-1.00001-2}, pages = {1 -- 23}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Nanocoatings based on sol-gel coatings are presented as suitable tool to modify materials based on polymers. The main focus is set onto textiles as the most common polymer materials. It presents which types of functionalization can be reached by modified sol-gel processes. Also a suitable categorization of functions is given and set into relation to common applications. A special focus is set on the functional properties, antimicrobial, UV protective, and flame retardant. The concept of bifunctional coatings is discussed and especially the combination of water-repellent and antistatic is presented.}, language = {en} } @article{BeyersdorfferKunertJansenetal.2021, author = {Beyersdorffer, Patrick and Kunert, Wolfgang and Jansen, Kai and Miller, Johanna and Wilhelm, Peter and Burgert, Oliver and Kirschniak, Andreas and Rolinger, Jens}, title = {Detection of adverse events leading to inadvertent injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy using convolutional neural networks}, series = {Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik}, journal = {Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0013-5585}, doi = {10.1515/bmt-2020-0106}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Uncontrolled movements of laparoscopic instruments can lead to inadvertent injury of adjacent structures. The risk becomes evident when the dissecting instrument is located outside the field of view of the laparoscopic camera. Technical solutions to ensure patient safety are appreciated. The present work evaluated the feasibility of an automated binary classification of laparoscopic image data using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to determine whether the dissecting instrument is located within the laparoscopic image section. A unique record of images was generated from six laparoscopic cholecystectomies in a surgical training environment to configure and train The CNN. By using a temporary version of the neural network, the annotation of the training image files could be automated and accelerated. A combination of oversampling and selective data augmentation was used to enlarge the fully labelled image data set and prevent loss of accuracy due to imbalanced class volumes. Subsequently the same approach was applied to the comprehensive, fully annotated Cholec80 database. The described process led to the generation of extensive and balanced training image data sets. The performance of the CNN-based binary classifiers was evaluated on separate test records from both databases. On our recorded data, an accuracy of 0.88 with regard to the safety-relevant classification was achieved. The subsequent evaluation on the Cholec80 data set yielded an accuracy of 0.84. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of a binary classification of laparoscopic image data for the detection of adverse events in a surgical training environment using a specifically configured CNN architecture.}, language = {en} } @incollection{Ebrecht2021, author = {Ebrecht, Katharina}, title = {Das Lernzentrum der Hochschule Reutlingen}, series = {Hochschulbibliotheken auf dem Weg zu Lernzentren : Beispiele aus Deutschland, {\"O}sterreich und der Schweiz}, booktitle = {Hochschulbibliotheken auf dem Weg zu Lernzentren : Beispiele aus Deutschland, {\"O}sterreich und der Schweiz}, editor = {Holl{\"a}nder, Stephan and S{\"u}hl-Strohmenger, Willy and Syr{\´e}, Ludger}, publisher = {b.i.t. Verlag}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-9821824-3-8}, pages = {233 -- 242}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Im Lernzentrum der Hochschule Reutlingen werden die Dienste und Services der Hochschulbibliothek und des Rechen- und Medienzentrums unter einem Dach angeboten. Das Lernzentrum ist ein Ort zum Lernen und zum gemeinsamen Arbeiten in bestens ausgestatteten R{\"a}umen. Das Spektrum reicht von Einzelarbeitspl{\"a}tzen, Gruppenr{\"a}umen, Kabinen und Arbeitsinseln bis zu PC-R{\"a}umen, einer Lounge und einer Cafeteria. Mit Auskunfts-, Beratungs- und Schulungsangeboten unterst{\"u}tzen SupportmitarbeiterInnen aus verschiedenen Abteilungen der Hochschule Studierende, Lehrende, Forschende, Anw{\"a}rterInnen und MitarbeiterInnen dabei, ihren Studien- und Berufsalltag zu meistern.}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-3128, title = {re:search : das Forschungsmagazin, Ausgabe 4, Juli 2021}, volume = {4}, publisher = {Hochschule Reutlingen}, address = {Reutlingen}, issn = {2568-8103}, doi = {10.34645/opus-3128}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-31288}, pages = {58}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Warum haben wir ausgerechnet einen Roboter f{\"u}r unseren Titel ausgesucht, der starke {\"A}hnlichkeit hat mit Robbi aus „Robbi, Tobbi und das Fliewat{\"u}{\"u}t". Ein Roboter aus den 80ern als Sinnbild f{\"u}r die Zukunft der Arbeit? Nicht ganz. Er steht vielmehr f{\"u}r die Anf{\"a}nge der Automatisierung, mit der das Ende der Arbeit prophezeit wurde. Heute schaut sein moderner, agiler Nachfolger keck ums Eck. Der „Robbi" von heute ist hervorgegangen aus einer st{\"a}ndigen technologischen Entwicklung, die unsere Arbeitswelt in erheblichem Maße ver{\"a}ndert hat und noch ver{\"a}ndern wird. Wie Sie sehen werden, war „Robbi" sehr wandlungsf{\"a}hig. Doch was bedeutet das f{\"u}r uns? Wie k{\"o}nnte sie aussehen, die Zukunft der Arbeit? Und was ver{\"a}ndert sich dadurch f{\"u}r jeden Einzelnen von uns? Diese Fragen haben wir Professorinnen und Professoren aller Fakult{\"a}ten gestellt. Sie besch{\"a}ftigen sich in ihrer Forschung mit digitalen Arbeitsmodellen und zukunftsf{\"a}higen Bildungskonzepten, mit Krankenh{\"a}usern der Zukunft und K{\"u}nstlicher Intelligenz. Vieles unterscheidet sich, doch vieles ist auch gleich: Es geht um Vertrauen. Was bedeutet die zunehmende Digitalisierung f{\"u}r unsere Arbeitskultur? Es geht um Verantwortung, uns selbst und anderen gegen{\"u}ber. Es geht um Vielfalt. Wer sind sie, die Arbeitskr{\"a}fte von morgen? Es geht um Vernetzung, denn die ist in einer digitalen Welt allgegenw{\"a}rtig. F{\"u}r uns als Hochschule ist die „Zukunft der Arbeit" ein besonders wichtiges Thema, denn unsere Studierenden heute werden sich morgen in dieser neuen Arbeitswelt bewegen und sie gestalten. Welche Kompetenzen m{\"u}ssen wir Ihnen vermitteln? Das ist eine Frage, die wir uns immer wieder neu stellen.}, language = {de} } @misc{OPUS4-3126, title = {Camplus : das Hochschulmagazin, 6. Jahrgang, Juli 2021}, volume = {6}, publisher = {Hochschule Reutlingen}, address = {Reutlingen}, issn = {2366-6919}, doi = {10.34645/opus-3126}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-31261}, pages = {106}, year = {2021}, language = {de} } @article{SchmaehRappWeidemann2021, author = {Schm{\"a}h, Marco and Rapp, Sina and Weidemann, Christina}, title = {Die Bedeutung von Bio-G{\"u}tesiegeln f{\"u}r das B-to-B-Marketing der deutschen Lebensmittelbranche : Teil II}, series = {Marke 41 : das neue Journal f{\"u}r Marketing}, journal = {Marke 41 : das neue Journal f{\"u}r Marketing}, number = {2}, publisher = {MIM, Marken-Institut M{\"u}nchen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1866-5438}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-31221}, pages = {64 -- 71}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Bio-G{\"u}tesiegel im B-to-B-Marketing - Teil 2/2: Bio ist bereits seit Langem kein Nischenprodukt mehr. Deutschland hat europaweit nicht nur den h{\"o}chsten Verbrauch, sondern gleichzeitig auch den h{\"o}chsten Umsatz an Bio-Produkten. Etwa jeder Vierte kauft hierzulande regelm{\"a}ßig Bio-Lebensmittel. Damit haben es {\"o}kologische Produkte bereits jetzt in beinahe jeden deutschen Haushalt geschafft. Basierend auf der Relevanz von {\"o}kologischen Produkten im Markt, ergibt sich ein gesteigerter Fokus auf die Beziehungen zwischen Lebensmittelherstellern und Lebensmittelh{\"a}ndlern, der in den letzten Jahren angezogen ist. Unternehmerische Anforderungen konzentrieren sich daher mehr als je zuvor neben dem {\"u}blichen B-to-C-Marketing auf das B-to-B-Marketing. Mit den neuen Marktherausforderungen steigen somit die Erwartungen an die Marketingleistungen im B-to-B-Bereich.}, language = {de} } @article{SchmaehRappWeidemann2021, author = {Schm{\"a}h, Marco and Rapp, Sina and Weidemann, Christina}, title = {Die Bedeutung von Bio-G{\"u}tesiegeln f{\"u}r das B-to-B-Marketing der deutschen Lebensmittelbranche}, series = {Marke 41 : das neue Journal f{\"u}r Marketing}, journal = {Marke 41 : das neue Journal f{\"u}r Marketing}, number = {1}, publisher = {MIM, Marken-Institut M{\"u}nchen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1866-5438}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-31216}, pages = {74 -- 82}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Bio-G{\"u}tesiegel im B-to-B-Marketing - Teil 1/2: Bio ist bereits seit Langem kein Nischenprodukt mehr. Deutschland hat europaweit nicht nur den h{\"o}chsten Verbrauch, sondern gleichzeitig auch den h{\"o}chsten Umsatz an Bio-Produkten. Etwa jeder Vierte kauft hierzulande regelm{\"a}ßig Bio-Lebensmittel. Damit haben es {\"o}kologische Produkte bereits jetzt in beinahe jeden deutschen Haushalt geschafft. Basierend auf der Relevanz von {\"o}kologischen Produkten im Markt, ergibt sich ein gesteigerter Fokus auf die Beziehungen zwischen Lebensmittelherstellern und Lebensmittelh{\"a}ndlern, der in den letzten Jahren angezogen ist. Unternehmerische Anforderungen konzentrieren sich daher mehr als je zuvor neben dem {\"u}blichen B-to-C-Marketing auf das B-to-B-Marketing. Mit den neuen Marktherausforderungen steigen somit die Erwartungen an die Marketingleistungen im B-to-B-Bereich.}, language = {de} } @article{SchmaehReschke2021, author = {Schm{\"a}h, Marco and Reschke, Sebastian}, title = {Beyond Selling - Quo vadis Vertrieb?}, series = {Marke 41 : das neue Journal f{\"u}r Marketing}, journal = {Marke 41 : das neue Journal f{\"u}r Marketing}, number = {1}, publisher = {MIM, Marken-Institut M{\"u}nchen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1866-5438}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-31201}, pages = {40 -- 44}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Beyond Selling orientiert sich am komplexen, vornehmlich mittelst{\"a}ndisch gepr{\"a}gten Multi-Kanal-Vertrieb. Beyond Selling hat den Anspruch, holistisch zu agieren und will aufzeigen, dass neben vielen bew{\"a}hrten Konzepten bestimmte Aspekte f{\"u}r die erfolgreiche Unternehmensf{\"u}hrung zuk{\"u}nftig zunehmend wichtiger werden. So bleiben bspw. eine stringente Buying-Center-Analyse und auch eine treffsichere Formulierung des kundennutzenorientierten Leistungsversprechens im Rahmen des Value-Based-Selling-Konzeptes unabdingbar. Allerdings gilt es auch, den Fokus auf Themen zu legen, die zuk{\"u}nftig deutlich an Bedeutung gewinnen werden}, language = {de} } @article{SchmaehRitz2021, author = {Schm{\"a}h, Marco and Ritz, Alexander}, title = {How gamification can drive customer loyalty}, series = {International journal of business and applied social science}, volume = {7}, journal = {International journal of business and applied social science}, number = {3}, publisher = {Center for Promoting Education and Research}, address = {New York}, issn = {2469-6501}, doi = {10.33642/ijbass.v7n3p1}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-31199}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper intends to give an insight on how to develop a customer loyalty-focused gamification concept, that will trigger intrinsic motivation and hence strengthen customer loyalty, using the mobility industry as an example. The authors conducted explorative expert interviews to create a cross-industry process chart that guides the generic development of a customer loyalty-focused gamification concept.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SeeversTruckenmuellerWelteetal.2021, author = {Seevers, Julian and Truckenm{\"u}ller, Franck and Welte, Jonas and Tugarinov, Petr}, title = {Simulation und Messung einer reversiblen CO2 W{\"a}rmepumpe}, series = {RETCon 2021 - Tagungsband der 4 Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz, 18-19 February 2021, Nordhausen}, booktitle = {RETCon 2021 - Tagungsband der 4 Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz, 18-19 February 2021, Nordhausen}, editor = {Wesselak, Viktor}, publisher = {Hochschule Nordhausen}, address = {Nordhausen}, isbn = {978-3-940820-17-4}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-31182}, pages = {247 -- 253}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Durch das Verbot der ozonsch{\"a}digenden Fluor-Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen als K{\"a}ltemittel und der heute {\"u}berwiegend eingesetzten Fluor-Kohlenwasserstoffe, welche sich negativ auf den Treibhauseffekt auswirken, gewinnt das umweltfreundlichere CO2 (Kohlendioxid) in der Verwendung als K{\"a}ltemittel an Bedeutung. Ausgangspunkt dieser Arbeit sind ein Prototyp einer reversiblen CO2 W{\"a}rmepumpe und ein Simulationsmodell derselbigen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es das Simulationsmodell, anhand von realen Messergebnissen des Prototyps, zu verifizieren. Durch die Berechnung von Vergleichsparametern, das Festlegen von Randbedingungen und geeigneten Messpunkten am Prototyp wird die Simulation optimiert. Abschließend folgt die Bewertung der Ergebnisse im Hinblick auf die Funktionalit{\"a}t der W{\"a}rmepumpe und deren Abbild in der Simulation.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MedynskyiTruckenmuellerTugarinov2021, author = {Medynskyi, Anton and Truckenm{\"u}ller, Frank and Tugarinov, Petr}, title = {Electricity price forecasting at Virtual Power Plant Neckar-Alb}, series = {RETCon 2021 - Tagungsband der 4 Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz, 18-19 February 2021, Nordhausen}, booktitle = {RETCon 2021 - Tagungsband der 4 Regenerative Energietechnik Konferenz, 18-19 February 2021, Nordhausen}, editor = {Wesselak, Viktor}, publisher = {Hochschule Nordhausen}, address = {Nordhausen}, isbn = {978-3-940820-17-4}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-31100}, pages = {171 -- 176}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper describes the analysis of day-ahead power market data from the European Power Exchange (EPEX) SPOT over a period of 17 months till October 2020 and the forecasting model for electricity prices. High volatility of the DE-LU (Germany and Luxembourg) power market in order to improve the planning of the bidding strategy and maximize benefits was reflected. Forecasting models based on the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) approach and artificial neural networks are developed to predict Day-Ahead prices up to a week ahead. Models are built for a virtual power plant Neckar-Alb and will be used as a part of an optimization tool for the operationtimetable of connected distributed energy devices}, language = {en} } @article{RuhCharifzadehHerberger2021, author = {Ruh, Christina and Charifzadeh, Michel and Herberger, Tim}, title = {Die Welt der Token und deren rechtliche Einordnung}, series = {Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Studium und Forschung}, volume = {50}, journal = {Wirtschaftswissenschaftliches Studium : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Studium und Forschung}, number = {5}, publisher = {Vahlen}, address = {Frankfurt}, issn = {0340-1650}, doi = {10.15358/0340-1650-2021-5-10}, pages = {10 -- 15}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Initial Coin Offering (ICO) und damit verbundene Token spielen bei der Unternehmensfinanzierung eine immer bedeutsamere Rolle. Dies gilt insbesondere im Fall von Start-ups, deren Gesch{\"a}ftsmodell auf der Blockchain-Technologie basiert. Dieser Beitrag stellt die verschiedenen Tokenvarianten im Rahmen eines ICO vor und gibt einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber den aktuellen rechtlichen Hintergrund.}, language = {de} } @article{LoebbeKalnySchepers2021, author = {L{\"o}bbe, Sabine and Kalny, Gerald and Schepers, Marcel}, title = {Energiedienstleistungen - ja, aber wie?}, series = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt}, volume = {71}, journal = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {ETV Energieverl.}, address = {Essen}, issn = {0013-743X}, pages = {10 -- 12}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Der hohe Stellenwert von Energiedienstleistungen steht f{\"u}r Energieversorger außer Zweifel. Der Handlungsbedarf bleibt aber nach wie vor immens, erforderliche Change-Prozesse werden erst in wenigen F{\"a}llen aktiv und gezielt gestaltet. Dies sind die zentralen Ergebnisse einer gemeinsamen empirischen Studie vom "Reutlinger Energiezentrum f{\"u}r Dezentrale Energiesysteme und Energieeffizienz (REZ) an der Hochschule Reutlingen und der international t{\"a}tigen Unternehmensberatung kwp consulting group.}, language = {de} } @article{KoeksalStraehle2021, author = {K{\"o}ksal, Deniz and Str{\"a}hle, Jochen}, title = {Social sustainability in fashion supply chains : understanding social standard implementation failures in Vietnam and Indonesia using agency theory}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su13042159}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-31098}, pages = {1 -- 36}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper explores why and how dominant international social standards used in the fashion industry are prone to implementation failures. A qualitative multiple-case study method was conducted, using purposive sampling to select 13 apparel supply chain actors. Data were collected through on-site semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The findings of the study are interpreted by using core tenets of agency theory. The case study findings clearly highlight why and how multi-tier apparel supply chains fail to implement social standards effectively. As a consequence of substantial goal conflicts and information asymmetries, sourcing agents and suppliers are driven to perform opportunistic behaviors in form of hidden characteristics, hidden intentions, and hidden actions, which significantly harm social standards. Fashion retailers need to empower their corporate social responsibility (CSR) departments by awarding an integrative role to sourcing decisions. Moreover, accurate calculation of orders, risk sharing, cost sharing, price premiums, and especially guaranteed order continuity for social compliance are critical to reduce opportunistic behaviors upstream of the supply chain. The development of social standards is highly suggested, e.g., by including novel metrics such as the assessment of buying practices or the evaluation of capacity planning at factories and the strict inclusion of subcontractors' social performances. This paper presents evidence from multiple Vietnamese and Indonesian cases involving sourcing agents as well as Tier 1 and Tier 2 suppliers on a highly sensitive topic. With the development of the conceptual framework and the formulation of seven related novel propositions, this paper unveils the ineffectiveness of social standards, offers guidance for practitioners, and contributes to the neglected social dimension in sustainable supply chain management research and accountability literature.}, language = {en} } @book{EngelnHoegsdalStimm2021, author = {Engeln, Arnd and H{\"o}gsdal, Sabine and Stimm, Dominique}, title = {User Experience in der beruflichen Weiterbildung : Methoden zur teilnehmerorientierten Konzeption von Schulungsangeboten}, publisher = {Sch{\"a}ffer-Poeschel}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {978-3-7910-5150-5}, pages = {166}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Viele von uns saßen sicher schon einmal in einer Weiterbildungsveranstaltung, die gef{\"u}hlt wenig brachte. Erfolgreiche Weiterbildung gelingt, indem Veranstaltungen gezielt an den W{\"u}nschen und Bed{\"u}rfnissen der Nutzer ausgerichtet und geplant werden. Doch wie k{\"o}nnen pers{\"o}nliche Bed{\"u}rfnisse der Nutzer von Weiterbildungsangeboten ermittelt und systematisch in die Gestaltung des Angebotes einbezogen werden? Das Handbuch hilft dabei Weiterbildungsveranstaltungen zu entwickeln, die Teilnehmer motivieren und Wissens- und Kompetenzvermittlung sicherstellen. Die AutorInnen haben ein Methodenset entwickelt, dass die Teilnehmer schon bei der Entwicklung von Bildungsangeboten miteinbezieht und so eine effektive Umsetzung der Teilnehmerorientierung in der Weiterbildung erm{\"o}glicht. Im Buch beschreiben sie ihr Vorgehen und geben eine zusammenfassende Anleitung an die Hand.}, language = {de} } @article{GraefO'Mahony2021, author = {Graef, Michael and O'Mahony, Niamh}, title = {Design Thinking und radikale Innovationen}, series = {Das Wirtschaftsstudium : wisu ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Ausbildung, Pr{\"u}fung, Berufseinstieg und Fortbildung}, volume = {50}, journal = {Das Wirtschaftsstudium : wisu ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Ausbildung, Pr{\"u}fung, Berufseinstieg und Fortbildung}, number = {1}, publisher = {Lange}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {0340-3084}, pages = {74 -- 82}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Durch Design Thinking lassen sich radikale Innovationen schaffen. Es findet jedoch immer in einer bestimmten Unternehmenskultur statt, die wiederum in eine nationale Kultur eingebettet ist. Das hat Auswirkungen auf die Implementierung, da dieses Umfeld f{\"o}rderlich oder hinderlich sein kann. Umgekehrt kann die Unternehmenskultur vom Design Thinking beeinflusst werden.}, language = {de} } @article{LjubicicWader2021, author = {Ljubicic, Marko and Wader, Dominic}, title = {Key Audit Matters - Eine empirisch-{\"o}konometrische Untersuchung der Berichterstattung}, series = {WPg : Kompetenz schafft Vertrauen}, volume = {74}, journal = {WPg : Kompetenz schafft Vertrauen}, number = {3}, publisher = {IdW-Verl.}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {0340-9031}, pages = {130 -- 138}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In Deutschland gilt f{\"u}r Abschlusspr{\"u}fer von Unternehmen des {\"o}ffentlichen Interesses eine um sogenannte Key Audit Matters erweiterte Berichtspflicht im Best{\"a}tigungsvermerk, und zwar bei der Pr{\"u}fung von Abschl{\"u}ssen von Gesch{\"a}ftsjahren, die nach dem 16.06.2016 beginnen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit den Einflussfaktoren f{\"u}r die Anzahl an Key Audit Matters und fokussiert sich dabei auf die Berichtspraxis im Zeitverlauf, indem neben dem Erstanwendungsjahr auch das Folgejahr betrachtet wird. Im Mittelpunkt steht eine multivariate Analyse, sie zeigt, dass die Zugeh{\"o}rigkeit zu bestimmten Branchen, bestimmt beauftragte Abschlusspr{\"u}fer. Die Unternehmensgr{\"o}ße, die Erstanwendung neuer IFRS-Regelungen und die im Vorjahr berichtete Anzahl an Key Audit Matters im Vergleich zum Branchendurchschnitt des Vorjahres signifikanten Einfluss auf die Ver{\"a}nderung der Anzahl der Key Audit Matters im Zeitablauf haben. Dabei werden die im DAX 30, MDAX und SDAX notierten Unternehmen betrachtet.}, language = {de} } @article{Augustin2021, author = {Augustin, Harald}, title = {Innovation-HUBs nachhaltig implementieren}, series = {Logistik f{\"u}r Unternehmen : das Fachmagazin der internen und externen Logistik}, volume = {35}, journal = {Logistik f{\"u}r Unternehmen : das Fachmagazin der internen und externen Logistik}, number = {01-02}, publisher = {VDI Fachmedien}, address = {D{\"u}sseldorf}, issn = {0930-7834}, doi = {10.37544/0930-7834-2021-01-02}, pages = {46 -- 50}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Innovation-HUBs sind aktuell in Mode. Allerdings beklagen viele Unternehmen, dass der nachhaltige Erfolg aus verschiedenen Gr{\"u}nden nicht ausreichend erzielt wird. Eine Tischtennisplatte und ein Basketballkorb sind eben keine Innovationsgaranten, sondern viel mehr die Mitarbeiter selbst, die ins Zentrum des Innovation-HUBs gestellt werden m{\"u}ssen. Es wird ein Qualifizierungsmodell f{\"u}r die Arbeit in Innovation-HUBs vorgestellt, das auf einem Innovation-HUB-Trainingscenter basiert, das an der Hochschule Reutlingen in der Ausbildung von Studierenden betrieben wird. Hier lernen die Studierenden, wie Sie durch Ihr Verhalten Innovationen treiben oder hemmen und wie sie nachhaltig den Erfolg eines Innovation-HUBs gestalten.}, language = {de} } @article{DietrichGeTurgutetal.2021, author = {Dietrich, Fabian and Ge, Yiwen and Turgut, Ali and Louw, Louis and Palm, Daniel}, title = {Review and analysis of blockchain projects in supply chain management}, series = {Procedia computer science}, volume = {180}, journal = {Procedia computer science}, number = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing (ISM 2020)}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1877-0509}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.295}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30960}, pages = {724 -- 733}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Supply chains have become increasingly complex, making it difficult to ensure transparency throughout the whole supply chain. In this context, first approaches came up, adopting the immutable, decentralised, and secure characteristics of the blockchain technology to increase the transparency, security, authenticity, and auditability of assets in supply chains. This paper investigates recent publications combining the blockchain technology and supply chain management and classifies them regarding the complexity to be mapped on the blockchain. As a result, the increase of supply chain transparency is identified as the main objective of recent blockchain projects in supply chain management. Thereby, most of the recent publications deal with simple supply chains and products. The few approaches dealing with complex parts only map sub-areas of supply chains. Currently no example exists which has the aim of increasing the transparency of complex manufacturing supply chains, and which enables the mapping of complex assembly processes, an efficient auditability of all assets, and an implementation of dynamic adjustments.}, language = {en} } @article{WagnerWagnerBredfeldtetal.2021, author = {Wagner, Alexandra and Wagner, Stefanie and Bredfeldt, Jan-Erik and Steinbach, Julia and Mukherjee, Ashutosh and Kronenberger, Sandra and Braun, Kai and Kandelbauer, Andreas and Mayer, Hermann and Brecht, Marc}, title = {Chemical imaging of single anisotropic polystyrene/poly (methacrylate) microspheres with complex hierarchical architecture}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {13}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4360}, doi = {10.3390/polym13091438}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30956}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Monodisperse polystyrene spheres are functional materials with interesting properties, such as high cohesion strength, strong adsorptivity, and surface reactivity. They have shown a high application value in biomedicine, information engineering, chromatographic fillers, supercapacitor electrode materials, and other fields. To fully understand and tailor particle synthesis, the methods for characterization of their complex 3D morphological features need to be further explored. Here we present a chemical imaging study based on three-dimensional confocal Raman microscopy (3D-CRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam (FIB), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for individual porous swollen polystyrene/poly (glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene di-methacrylate) particles. Polystyrene particles were synthesized with different co-existing chemical entities, which could be identified and assigned to distinct regions of the same particle. The porosity was studied by a combination of SEM and FIB. Images of milled particles indicated a comparable porosity on the surface and in the bulk. The combination of standard analytical techniques such as DRIFT and NMR spectroscopies yielded new insights into the inner structure and chemical composition of these particles. This knowledge supports the further development of particle synthesis and the design of new strategies to prepare particles with complex hierarchical architectures.}, language = {en} } @article{SeidlWeissZikulnigRuschetal.2020, author = {Seidl, Regina and Weiss, Stephanie and Zikulnig-Rusch, Edith and Kandelbauer, Andreas}, title = {Response surface optimization for improving the processing behavior of melamine formaldehyde impregnation resins}, series = {Journal of applied polymer science}, volume = {138}, journal = {Journal of applied polymer science}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {New York}, issn = {0021-8995}, doi = {10.1002/app.50181}, pages = {1 -- 17}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Melamine-formaldehyde resins are widely used for decorative paper impregnation. Resin properties relevant for impregnation are mainly determined already at the stage of resin synthesis by the applied reaction conditions. Thus, understanding the relationship between reaction conditions and technological properties is important. Response surface methodology based on orthogonal parameter level variations is the most suitable tool to identify and quantify factor effects and deduce causal correlation patterns. Here, two major process factors of MF resin synthesis were systematically varied using such a statistical experimental design. To arrive at resins having a broad range of technological properties, initial pH and M:F ratio were varied in a wide range (pH: 7.9-12.1; M:F ratio: 1:1.5-1:4.5). The impregnation behavior of the resins was modeled using viscosity, penetration rate and residual curing capacity as technological responses. Based on the response surface models, nonlinear and synergistic action of process factors was quantified and a suitable process window for preparing resins with favorable impregnation performance was defined. It was found that low M:F ratios (~1:2-1:2.5) and comparatively high starting pHs (~pH 11) yield impregnation resins with rapid impregnation behavior and good residual curing capacity.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmaehSibilio2020, author = {Schm{\"a}h, Marco and Sibilio, Alessandro}, title = {Deutschland, quo vadis?}, series = {Marke 41 : das neue Journal f{\"u}r Marketing}, journal = {Marke 41 : das neue Journal f{\"u}r Marketing}, number = {2}, publisher = {MIM, Marken-Institut M{\"u}nchen}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, issn = {1866-5438}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30933}, pages = {62 -- 67}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Shutdown in Deutschland im M{\"a}rz 2020. Stillstand in Handel und Industrie. Der B{\"o}rsenwert einer beachtlichen Anzahl von Unternehmen hat sich in k{\"u}rzester Zeit halbiert. Anleger warfen alles auf den Markt. Und bei der hohen Unsicherheit verloren s{\"a}mtliche Anlageklassen, zeitweise sogar Gold. Selbst Konzerne wie die Lufthansa werden es ohne Staatshilfe nicht mehr schaffen zu existieren.}, language = {de} } @article{DietrichGePalm2020, author = {Dietrich, Fabian and Ge, Yiwen and Palm, Daniel}, title = {Einsatz von Blockchain-Technologien im Supply-Chain-Management : Smart-Contract-basierte L{\"o}sungen zum Management von Lieferketten}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb : ZWF}, volume = {115}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r wirtschaftlichen Fabrikbetrieb : ZWF}, number = {9}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0947-0085}, doi = {10.1515/zwf-2020-1150906}, pages = {567 -- 569}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Blockchain-Technologie stellt einen vielversprechenden Ansatz f{\"u}r Transparenz und Resilienz in Lieferketten dar. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welche Blockchain-L{\"o}sungen derzeit f{\"u}r die Supply-Chain zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen, und die bislang umgesetzten Projekte in diesem Bereich analysiert. Die meisten der realisierten Projekte beziehen sich auf einfache Produkte und Supply-Chain-Strukturen. Der Grund ist, dass bislang L{\"o}sungen zur ganzheitlichen Abbildung von komplexen Produkten in dynamischen Supply-Chain-Strukturen gefehlt haben. Doch jetzt stehen erste vielversprechende Ans{\"a}tze zur Verf{\"u}gung.}, language = {de} } @article{BrueggemannBinder2021, author = {Br{\"u}ggemann, Julia and Binder, Christoph}, title = {{\"U}ber das Finden von Grauen Schw{\"a}nen}, series = {Controlling \& Management Review : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Controlling \& Management}, volume = {65}, journal = {Controlling \& Management Review : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Controlling \& Management}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2195-8262}, doi = {10.1007/s12176-021-0367-8}, pages = {46 -- 51}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Effektives Risiko-Management sollte neben quantifizierbaren, bekannten Risiken auch Ereignisse ber{\"u}cksichtigen, die entweder in {\"a}hnlicher Art bereits eingetreten oder grunds{\"a}tzlich vorstellbar sind. F{\"u}r eine Identifikation dieser "Grauen Schw{\"a}ne" m{\"u}ssen institutionell-organisatorische Voraussetzungen geschaffen und analytisch-konzeptionelle Instrumente bereitgestellt werden.}, language = {de} } @article{SchuhmacherGattoHinderetal.2020, author = {Schuhmacher, Alexander and Gatto, Alexander and Hinder, Markus and Kuss, Michael and Gassmann, Oliver}, title = {The upside of being a digital pharma player}, series = {Drug discovery today}, volume = {25}, journal = {Drug discovery today}, number = {9}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1359-6446}, doi = {10.1016/j.drudis.2020.06.002}, pages = {1569 -- 1574}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We investigated the state of artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmaceutical research and development (R\&D) and outline here a risk and reward perspective regarding digital R\&D. Given the novelty of the research area, a combined qualitative and quantitative research method was chosen, including the analysis of annual company reports, investor relations information, patent applications, and scientific publications of 21 pharmaceutical companies for the years 2014 to 2019. As a result, we can confirm that the industry is in an 'early mature' phase of using AI in R\&D. Furthermore, we can demonstrate that, despite the efforts that need to be managed, recent developments in the industry indicate that it is worthwhile to invest to become a 'digital pharma player'.}, language = {en} } @article{UlitzschBaeuerleStefanakisetal.2021, author = {Ulitzsch, Steffen and B{\"a}uerle, Tim and Stefanakis, Mona and Brecht, Marc and Chass{\´e}, Thomas and Lorenz, G{\"u}nter and Kandelbauer, Andreas}, title = {Synthesis of an addition-crosslinkable, silicon-modified polyolefin via reactive extrusion monitored by in-line raman spectroscopy}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {13}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4360}, doi = {10.3390/polym13081246}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30887}, pages = {1 -- 22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {We present the modification of ethylene-propylene rubber (EPM) with vinyltetra-methydisiloxane (VTMDS) via reactive extrusion to create a new silicone-based material with the potential for high-performance applications in the automotive, industrial and biomedical sectors. The radical-initiated modification is achieved with a peroxide catalyst starting the grafting reaction. The preparation process of the VTMDS-grafted EPM was systematically investigated using process analytical technology (in-line Raman spectroscopy) and the statistical design of experiments (DoE). By applying an orthogonal factorial array based on a face-centered central composite experimental design, the identification, quantification and mathematical modeling of the effects of the process factors on the grafting result were undertaken. Based on response surface models, process windows were defined that yield high grafting degrees and good grafting efficiency in terms of grafting agent utilization. To control the grafting process in terms of grafting degree and grafting efficiency, the chemical changes taking place during the modification procedure in the extruder were observed in real-time using a spectroscopic in-line Raman probe which was directly inserted into the extruder. Successful grafting of the EPM was validated in the final product by 1H-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy.}, language = {en} } @techreport{KoeseDierolfSaueretal.2020, author = {K{\"o}se, Ekrem and Dierolf, Christian and Sauer, Alexander and Sievers, Ernst-Udo and Hirth, Johannes and K{\"o}lle, Stefan and Schwanzer, Peter and K{\"o}nig, Werner and M{\"u}ller, Tobias and L{\"o}bbe, Sabine and Thomas, Bernd}, title = {Stromoptimierte, flexible und residuallastangepasste KWK in der elektrochemischen Beschichtungsindustrie}, publisher = {Landesanstalt f{\"u}r Umwelt Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg}, address = {Karlsruhe}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30877}, pages = {92}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Im Projekt GalvanoFlex_BW sind verschiedene M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Energieeffizienz von energieintensiven Industrieunternehmen aufgezeigt und untersucht worden. Die Einf{\"u}hrung der KWK im stromoptimierten Betrieb stellte dabei einen besonders betrachteten Aspekt dar. Neben der technischen Untersuchung ist zudem eine sozialwissenschaftliche Betrachtung vorgenommen worden, um die Einf{\"u}hrung und Umsetzung entsprechender Maßnahmen auch unter diesem Aspekt zu betrachten. Ein zus{\"a}tzlicher wichtiger Schwerpunkt des Projektes war die {\"U}bertragung des erarbeiteten Wissens an weitere Unternehmen, Institutionen etc., die nicht direkt am Projekt beteiligt waren. Durch die Zusammenarbeit von vier Forschungs- und drei Industriepartnern sind die Arbeiten praxisorientiert auf Basis realer Messdaten sowie im Zuge von Befragungen der handelnden Personen bei den Projektpartnern im Sinne eines Reallabors durchgef{\"u}hrt worden. Die Notwendigkeit zur Einsparung von Energie und damit zur Umsetzung von Effizienzmaßnahmen ist ein wichtiger Schritt, um die von der EU geplante Reduktion von Treibhausgasen zu erreichen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist zu erwarten, dass die Energiekosten auch zuk{\"u}nftig weiter ansteigen. Dadurch werden Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Energieeffizienz zu einem wichtigen Element, eine wettbewerbsf{\"a}hige Produktion zu gew{\"a}hrleisten. Im Rahmen des Projektes sind deshalb verschiedene Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen speziell f{\"u}r die Galvanotechnik recherchiert, analysiert und in einen Maßnahmenkatalog {\"u}berf{\"u}hrt worden. Des Weiteren wurde eine Bewertungsmethode entwickelt, die die Unternehmen der Galvanotechnik bei der Identifikation von sinnvollen Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen unterst{\"u}tzen soll. Bei den Untersuchungen zur Umsetzung von Kraft-W{\"a}rme-Kopplungsanlagen konnte am Beispiel von zwei Unternehmen mit stark unterschiedlichen Strom- und W{\"a}rmebedarfswerten gezeigt werden, dass der Einsatz entsprechender Anlagen wirtschaftlich lohnenswert ist. Im g{\"u}nstigsten Fall ergeben sich Amortisationszeiten von etwa zwei Jahren. Es hat sich weiterhin gezeigt, dass die Auslegung des Block-heizkraftwerkes stark von den Strom- und W{\"a}rmebedarfswerten abh{\"a}ngt und dass der Pufferspeicher keinesfalls zu klein ausgelegt werden sollte. Eine intelligente stromoptimierte Steuerung mit Lastspitzenmanagement kann die Wirtschaftlichkeit jedoch h{\"a}ufig nur noch wenig gegen{\"u}ber dem w{\"a}rmegef{\"u}hrten Betrieb verbessern. Ursache daf{\"u}r ist, dass das derzeitige F{\"o}rder- und Verg{\"u}tungssystem f{\"u}r Kraft-W{\"a}rme-Kopplungsanlagen nahezu keine Anreize f{\"u}r einen am Strombedarf und damit an der Deckung von Residuallast orientierten Betrieb bietet. Einzig bei Unternehmen mit ausgepr{\"a}gten Spitzen im Strombezug, kann der gezielte Einsatz eines Blockheizkraftwerkes zu einer signifikanten Senkung des Leistungspreises f{\"u}hren. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist die Einf{\"u}hrung einer Kraft-W{\"a}rme-Kopplungsanlage generell als komplexe Energieeffizienzmaßnahme anzusehen, die deshalb neben den wirtschaftlichen Aspekten erh{\"o}hte Anforderungen an die Unternehmen und das professionelle Umfeld stellt, die im Rahmen der sozialwissenschaftlichen Begleitforschung untersucht worden sind. Dabei konnten Treiber aber auch Hemmnisse zur Umsetzung der Technologie sowohl innerhalb der Unternehmen als auch außerhalb identifiziert werden. Die internen Hemmnisse sind dabei auf unterschiedliche Ursachen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren, wie die hohe Komplexit{\"a}t der KWK-Technologie, die schwierige Bewertung des Gesamtnutzens im Unternehmen, die mangelnde personelle Ausstattung und fehlende Unternehmerentscheidungen. Abhilfe schaffen, und damit als Treiber wirken, k{\"o}nnen hier ein verbessertes Beratungsangebot insbesondere seitens neutraler Stellen sowie der Anlagenbetrieb im Contracting. Die {\"U}bertragung der im Projekt erarbeiteten Ergebnisse ist bereits w{\"a}hrend der Projektlaufzeit {\"u}ber die Branchenplattform im Zuge verschiedener Workshops, die speziell auf Unternehmen und Institutionen außerhalb des Projektkonsortiums ausgerichtet waren, erfolgt. Zur Verst{\"a}rkung der Verbreitung des erarbeiteten Wissens ist zum Projektende eine Serie aus vier Fachartikeln in einem namhaften Branchenmagazin erschienen, und es ist eine Internetseite zum Projekt erstellt worden (www.galvanoflex_bw.de). Letztere hat dabei nicht nur die Aufgabe der Wissensverbreitung, sondern sie soll auch {\"u}ber das Projektende hinaus als Kontaktplattform dienen, um die Umsetzung von Effizienzmaßnahmen mit dem im Projekt generierten Wissen zu unterst{\"u}tzen.}, language = {de} } @article{KehrerZietlowScheffoldetal.2021, author = {Kehrer, Stefan and Zietlow, Dominik and Scheffold, Jochen and Blochinger, Wolfgang}, title = {Self-tuning serverless task farming using proactive elasticity control}, series = {Cluster computing : the journal of networks, software tools and applications}, volume = {24}, journal = {Cluster computing : the journal of networks, software tools and applications}, publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1386-7857}, doi = {10.1007/s10586-020-03158-3}, pages = {799 -- 817}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The cloud evolved into an attractive execution environment for parallel applications, which make use of compute resources to speed up the computation of large problems in science and industry. Whereas Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offerings have been commonly employed, more recently, serverless computing emerged as a novel cloud computing paradigm with the goal of freeing developers from resource management issues. However, as of today, serverless computing platforms are mainly used to process computations triggered by events or user requests that can be executed independently of each other and benefit from on-demand and elastic compute resources as well as per-function billing. In this work, we discuss how to employ serverless computing platforms to operate parallel applications. We specifically focus on the class of parallel task farming applications and introduce a novel approach to free developers from both parallelism and resource management issues. Our approach includes a proactive elasticity controller that adapts the physical parallelism per application run according to user-defined goals. Specifically, we show how to consider a user-defined execution time limit after which the result of the computation needs to be present while minimizing the associated monetary costs. To evaluate our concepts, we present a prototypical elastic parallel system architecture for self-tuning serverless task farming and implement two applications based on our framework. Moreover, we report on performance measurements for both applications as well as the prediction accuracy of the proposed proactive elasticity control mechanism and discuss our key findings.}, language = {en} } @article{Nufer2021, author = {Nufer, Gerd}, title = {Sport-Sponsoring: Fairness, Teamgeist, Leidenschaft}, series = {Markenartikel : das Magazin f{\"u}r Markenf{\"u}hrung}, journal = {Markenartikel : das Magazin f{\"u}r Markenf{\"u}hrung}, number = {4-5}, publisher = {New-Business-Verl.}, address = {Hamburg}, issn = {0342-1236}, pages = {16 -- 18}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die Fußball-Europameisterschaft ist eine spannende Werbeplattform f{\"u}r Unternehmen und Marken. Wer Sport-Sponsoring als Kommunikationsinstrument nutzen m{\"o}chte, sollte aber gut {\"u}berlegen, wie er dabei vorgeht.}, language = {de} } @article{SchlegelWillmes2021, author = {Schlegel, Dennis and Willmes, Christian}, title = {Hybride Projektans{\"a}tze im Controlling}, series = {Controlling \& Management Review : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Controlling \& Management}, volume = {65}, journal = {Controlling \& Management Review : Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Controlling \& Management}, number = {1}, publisher = {Berlin}, address = {Springer}, issn = {2195-8262}, doi = {10.1007/s12176-020-0358-1}, pages = {46 -- 49}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Unternehmen wenden insbesondere bei IT-nahen Projekten seit einigen Jahren auch im Controlling verst{\"a}rkt ein agiles Vorgehen an. Erfahrungen zeigen jedoch, dass dies nicht bei allen Projekten in jedem Unternehmen funktioniert. Hybride Ans{\"a}tze, die agile mit klassischen Projekt-Management-Methoden verbinden, bieten eine L{\"o}sung.}, language = {de} } @article{LiuWackenhutWangetal.2021, author = {Liu, Quan and Wackenhut, Frank and Wang, Liangxuan and Hauler, Otto and Roldao, Juan Carlos and Adam, Pierre-Michel and Brecht, Marc and Gierschner, Johannes and Meixner, Alfred}, title = {Direct observation of structural heterogeneity and tautomerization of single hypericin molecules}, series = {The journal of physical chemistry letters}, volume = {12}, journal = {The journal of physical chemistry letters}, number = {3}, publisher = {ACS}, address = {Washington, DC}, issn = {1948-7185}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03459}, pages = {1025 -- 1031}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Tautomerization is a fundamental chemical reaction which involves the relocation of a proton in the reactants. Studying the optical properties of tautomeric species is challenging because of ensemble averaging. Many molecules, such as porphines, porphycenes, or phenanthroperylene quinones, exhibit a reorientation of the transition dipole moment (TDM) during tautomerization, which can be directly observed in single-molecule experiments. Here, we study single hypericin molecules, which is a prominent phenanthroperylene quinone showing antiviral, antidepressive, and photodynamical properties. Observing abrupt flipping of the image pattern combined with time-dependent density functional theory calculations allows drawing conclusions about the coexistence of four tautomers and their conversion path. This approach allows the unambiguous assignment of a TDM orientation to a specific tautomer and enables the determination of the chemical structure in situ. Our approach can be applied to other molecules showing TDM reorientation during tautomerization, helping to gain a deeper understanding of this important process.}, language = {en} } @article{RiehleAthanasopuluKutuzovaetal.2021, author = {Riehle, Natascha and Athanasopulu, Kiriaki and Kutuzova, Larysa and G{\"o}tz, Tobias and Kandelbauer, Andreas and Tovar, G{\"u}nter and Lorenz, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Influence of hard segment content and diisocyanate structure on the transparency and mechanical properties of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based urea elastomers for biomedical applications}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {13}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4360}, doi = {10.3390/polym13020212}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30814}, pages = {1 -- 37}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The effect of hard segment content and diisocyanate structure on the transparency and mechanical properties of soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based urea elastomers (PSUs) was investigated. A series of PSU elastomers were synthesized from an aminopropyl-terminated PDMS (M¯n: 16,300 g·mol-1), which was prepared by ring chain equilibration of the monomers octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-tetramethyldisiloxane (APTMDS). The hard segments (HSs) comprised diisocyanates of different symmetry, i.e., 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI), 4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and trans-1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI). The HS contents of the PSU elastomers based on H12MDI and IPDI were systematically varied between 5\% and 20\% by increasing the ratio of the diisocyanate and the chain extender APTMDS. PSU copolymers of very low urea HS contents (1.0-1.6\%) were prepared without the chain extender. All PSU elastomers and copolymers exhibited good elastomeric properties and displayed elongation at break values between 600\% and 1100\%. The PSUs with HS contents below 10\% were transparent and became increasingly translucent at HS contents of 15\% and higher. The Young's modulus (YM) and ultimate tensile strength values of the elastomers increased linearly with increasing HS content. The YM values differed significantly among the PSU copolymers depending on the symmetry of the diisocyanate. The softest elastomer was that based on the asymmetric IPDI. The elastomers synthesized from H12MDI and MDI both exhibited an intermediate YM, while the stiffest elastomer, i.e., that comprising the symmetric CHDI, had a YM three-times higher than that prepared with IPDI. The PSUs were subjected to load-unload cycles at 100\% and 300\% strain to study the influence of HS morphology on 10-cycle hysteresis behavior. At 100\% strain, the first-cycle hysteresis values of the IPDI- and H12MDI-based elastomers first decreased to a minimum of approximately 9-10\% at an HS content of 10\% and increased again to 22-28\% at an HS content of 20\%. A similar, though less pronounced, trend was observed at 300\% strain. First-cycle hysteresis among the PSU copolymers at 100\% strain was lowest in the case of CHDI and highest in the IPDI-based elastomer. However, this effect was reversed at 300\% strain, with CHDI displaying the highest hysteresis in the first cycle. In vitro cytotoxicity tests performed using HaCaT cells did not show any adverse effects, revealing their potential suitability for biomedical applications.}, language = {en} } @article{Herzog2021, author = {Herzog, Bodo}, title = {Sustainable consumer tax evasion theory under information inattention}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {13}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su13020562}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30807}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This article studies the renewed interest surrounding sustainable public finance and the topic of tax evasion as well as the new theory of information inattention. Extending a model of tax evasion with the notion of inattention reveals novel findings about policy instruments that can be used to mitigate tax evasion. We show that the attention parameters regarding tax rates, financial penalty schemes and income levels are as important as the level of the detection probability and the financial penalty incurred. Thus, our theory recommends the enhancement of sustainability in public policy, particularly in tax policy. Consequently, the paper contributes both to the academic and public policy debate.}, language = {en} } @article{WeissSeidlKessleretal.2021, author = {Weiss, Stephanie and Seidl, Regina and Kessler, Waltraud and Kessler, Rudolf and Zikulnig-Rusch, Edith and Kandelbauer, Andreas}, title = {Multivariate process trajectories for molecular description of MF thermal curing and correlation with hydrolytic stability}, series = {Journal of applied polymer science}, volume = {138}, journal = {Journal of applied polymer science}, number = {27}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {New York}, issn = {0021-8995}, doi = {10.1002/app.50635}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30781}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2021}, abstract = {During curing of thermosetting resins the technologically relevant properties of binders and coatings develop. However, curing is difficult to monitor due to the multitude of chemical and physical processes taking place. Precise prediction of specific technological properties based on molecular properties is very difficult. In this study, the potential of principal component analysis (PCA) and principal component regression (PCR) in the analysis of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra is demonstrated using the example of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin curing in solid state. FTIR/PCA-based reaction trajectories are used to visualize the influence of temperature on isothermal cure. An FTIR/PCR model for predicting the hydrolysis resistance of cured MF resin from their spectral fingerprints is presented which illustrates the advantages of FTIR/PCR compared to the combination differential scanning calorimetry/isoconversional kinetic analysis. The presented methodology is transferable to the curing reactions of any thermosetting resin and can be applied to model other technologically relevant final properties as well.}, language = {en} } @techreport{DoerrEbrechtGehrleinetal.2021, type = {Working Paper}, author = {D{\"o}rr, Marianne and Ebrecht, Katharina and Gehrlein, Sabine and Goebel, Ralf and H{\"a}tscher, Petra and Penshorn, Christoph and Schaab, Rupert}, title = {Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken in Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg : aktive Gestalter der Informationsinfrastruktur f{\"u}r Forschung, Studium und Lehre, Perspektive 2030}, publisher = {AG der Landes- und Universit{\"a}tsbibliotheken in Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg}, address = {Konstanz}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30771}, pages = {1 -- 27}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Mit diesem Strategiepapier formulieren die Universit{\"a}ts-, Landes- und Hochschulbibliotheken des Landes Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg die aus ihrer Sicht zentralen Entwicklungsfelder und Herausforderungen der kommenden Jahre. Die Bibliotheken und das Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg (BSZ) sorgen als Wissenschafts- und Kultureinrichtungen gemeinsam f{\"u}r die akademische Informationsinfrastruktur. Sie nehmen die Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung an und gestalten den Wandel im Dialog mit Forschenden, Lehrenden und Studierenden aktiv mit.}, language = {de} } @article{ChehriChehriKissetal.2020, author = {Chehri, Hamou and Chehri, Abdellah and Kiss, Laszlo and Zimmermann, Alfred}, title = {Automatic anode rod inspection in aluminum smelters using deep-learning techniques: a case study}, series = {Procedia computer science}, volume = {176}, journal = {Procedia computer science}, number = {Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information \& Engineering Systems: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference KES2020}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1877-0509}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.033}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30761}, pages = {3536 -- 3544}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Automatic fault detection using machine learning has become an exciting and promising area of research. This because it accurate and timely way to manage and classify with minimal human effort. In the computer vision community, deep-learning methods have become the most suitable approaches for this task. Anodes are large carbon blocks that are used to conduct electricity during the aluminum reduction process. The most basic function of anode rod inspection is to prevent a situation where the anode rod will not fit into the stub-holes of a new anode. It would be the case for a rod containing either severe toe-in, missing stubs, or a retained thimble on one or more stubs. In this work, to improve the accuracy of shape defect inspection for an anode rod, we use the Fast Region-based Convolutional Network method (Fast R-CNN), model. To train the detection model, we collect an image dataset composed of multi-class of anode rod defects with annotated labels. Our model is trained using a small number of samples, an essential requirement in the industry where the number of available defective samples is limited. It can simultaneously detect multi-class of defects of the anode rod in nearly real-time.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Schuster2019, author = {Schuster, Frank}, title = {Feature based SLAM using high-noise low-cost automotive sensors}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t T{\"u}bingen}, address = {T{\"u}bingen}, doi = {10.15496/publikation-39705}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30748}, pages = {158}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Ever since the 1980s, researchers in computer science and robotics have been working on making autonomous cars. Due to recent breakthroughs in research and devel- opment, such as the Bertha Benz Project [ZBS+14], the goal of fully autonomous vehicles seems closer than ever before. Yet a lot of questions remain unanswered. Especially now that the automotive industry moves towards autonomous systems in series production vehicles, the task of precise localization has to be solved with automotive grade sensors and keep memory and processing consumption at a mini- mum. This thesis investigates the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) prob- lem for autonomous driving scenarios on a parking lot using low cost automotive sensors. The main focus is herby devoted to the RAdio Detection And Ranging (RADAR) sensor, which has not been widely analyzed in an autonomous driving scenario so far, even though they are abundant in the automotive industry for ap- plications such as Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). Due to the high noise floor, the radar sensor has widely been disregarded in the Intelligent Transportation Systems and Robotics communities with regards to SLAM applications. However in this thesis, it is shown that the RADAR sensor proves to be an affordable, robust and precise sensor, when modeling its physical properties correctly. In this regard, a GraphSLAM based framework is introduced, which extracts features from the RADAR sensor and generates an optimized map of the surroundings using the RADAR sensor alone. This framework is used to enable crowd based localization, which is not limited to the RADAR sensor alone. By integrating an automotive Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and stereo camera sensor, a robust and precise localization system can be built that that is suitable for autonomous driving even in complex parking lot scenarios. It it is thereby shown that the RADAR sensor is strongly contributing to obtaining good results in a sensor fusion setup. These results were obtained on an extensive dataset on a parking lot, which has been recorded over the course of several months. It contains different weather conditions, different configurations of parked cars and a multitude of different trajectories to validate the approaches described in this thesis and to come to the conclusion that the RADAR sensor is a reliable sensor in series autonomous driving systems, both in a multi sensor framework and as a single component for localization.}, language = {en} } @article{LudlGuldeCurio2020, author = {Ludl, Dennis and Gulde, Thomas and Curio, Crist{\´o}bal}, title = {Enhancing data-driven algorithms for human pose estimation and action recognition through simulation}, series = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems}, volume = {21}, journal = {IEEE transactions on intelligent transportation systems}, number = {9}, publisher = {Inst. of Electrical and Electronics Engineers}, address = {New York}, issn = {1524-9050}, doi = {10.1109/TITS.2020.2988504}, pages = {3990 -- 3999}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Recognizing human actions, reliably inferring their meaning and being able to potentially exchange mutual social information are core challenges for autonomous systems when they directly share the same space with humans. Intelligent transport systems in particular face this challenge, as interactions with people are often required. The development and testing of technical perception solutions is done mostly on standard vision benchmark datasets for which manual labelling of sensory ground truth has been a tedious but necessary task. Furthermore, rarely occurring human activities are underrepresented in these datasets, leading to algorithms not recognizing such activities. For this purpose, we introduce a modular simulation framework, which offers to train and validate algorithms on various human-centred scenarios. We describe the usage of simulation data to train a state-of-the-art human pose estimation algorithm to recognize unusual human activities in urban areas. Since the recognition of human actions can be an important component of intelligent transport systems, we investigated how simulations can be applied for his purpose. Laboratory experiments show that we can train a recurrent neural network with only simulated data based on motion capture data and 3D avatars, which achieves an almost perfect performance in the classification of those human actions on real data.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BeyerFreerevanNiekerketal.2020, author = {Beyer, Richard and Freere, Peter and van Niekerk, Theo and S{\"o}nmez, Ertugrul}, title = {Design of a universal charger for a light electric vehicle with effect of an RCD snubber on peak current control}, series = {2020 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT), 10-13 December 2020, Melbourne, Australia, proceedings}, booktitle = {2020 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Technologies (CEECT), 10-13 December 2020, Melbourne, Australia, proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, doi = {10.1109/CEECT50755.2020.9298611}, pages = {9 -- 13}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The design process for a single phase, smart, universal charger for light electric vehicles, is presented. With a step up, power factor correction circuit, followed by a phase shifted, full bridge converter, with synchronous rectification on the secondary side. Due to the resistor-capacitor-diode snubber on the secondary side, the current peak at the start of power transfer, leads to false triggering during light load control with peak current mode control. The solution developed for light loads, is to change from peak current control to voltage control. This is achieved by limiting the maximum phase shift, instead of changing the reference value. For the power factor correction stage, measured and calculated efficiencies are compared as a function of the output power. The voltage and current waveforms are shown for the power factor correction circuit, and for the phase shifted bridge, the measured current waveform is compared with simulation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BuettnerSchneiderPiccolroazetal.2020, author = {B{\"u}ttner, Stefan and Schneider, Christian and Piccolroaz, Chiara and Sauer, Alexander and K{\"o}nig, Werner and Mac Nulty, Hannes}, title = {How does the German manufacturing industry react to the calls to decarbonise?}, series = {Decarbonise Industry! : Industrial Efficiency 2020, 14-17 September 2020, online event}, booktitle = {Decarbonise Industry! : Industrial Efficiency 2020, 14-17 September 2020, online event}, editor = {Laitinen Lindstr{\"o}m, Therese}, publisher = {eceee secretariat}, address = {Stockholm, Schweden}, isbn = {9789198387865}, issn = {2001-7979}, pages = {521 -- 531}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Urgent action is needed to keep the chance of limiting global warming to 1.5°C or even 2.0°C. Current outlooks by IPCC, and many other organisations forecast that this will be impossible at current pace of emission 'reductions' - Germany has already hit 1.5° warming this year. Across 2019, particularly during the UN New York Climate summit, numerous organisations declared their ambition to become net carbon neutral. Amongst these were investors and companies, including quite a number of German ones. We apply a mixed methods approach, utilising data gathered from approx. 900 companies after Climate Week in context of the Energy Efficiency Index of German Industry (EEI), along with media research focusing on decarbonisation plans announced and initiatives pledging climate action. With this, we analyse how German companies in the manufacturing sectors react to rising societal pressure and emerging policies, particularly what measures they have taken or plan to implement to reduce the footprint of their company, their products and their supply chain. In this, we particularly analyse whether and in what way energy- and resource consumption, as well as carbon emissions are considered in the development and lifecycle of goods manufactured. This is of huge relevance as these goods determine the future footprint of buildings, vehicles and industry. Regarding the supply chain, current articles indicate that small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) are particularly challenged by increasing demands from their large corporate clients and an alleged lack of preparedness to be able to take and afford prompt decarbonisation action themselves (Buchenau et. al. 2019). Notably the automotive industry recently announced new models that will be 100\% carbon neutral all the way through (ibid). We thus analyse if and how factors such as company size, energy intensity and sector affiliation influence a company's plan to fully decarbonize. Ownership structure and corporate culture, it appears, significantly impact on the degree of decarbonisation action underway.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KoenigLoebbeBuettneretal.2020, author = {K{\"o}nig, Werner and L{\"o}bbe, Sabine and B{\"u}ttner, Stefan and Schneider, Christian}, title = {Establishing energy efficiency in SMEs - energy management to enhance energy efficiency in everyday work life}, series = {Decarbonise Industry! : Industrial Efficiency 2020, 14-17 September 2020, online event}, booktitle = {Decarbonise Industry! : Industrial Efficiency 2020, 14-17 September 2020, online event}, editor = {Laitinen Lindstr{\"o}m, Therese}, publisher = {eceee secretariat}, address = {Stockholm, Schweden}, isbn = {9789198387865}, issn = {2001-7979}, pages = {181 -- 190}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Despite strong political efforts across Europe, small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) seem to neglect adopting effective measures for energy efficiency. Adopting a cultural perspective and based on a study among industrial SMEs in Southern Germany, we investigate what drives decisions for energy efficiency in SMEs and how energy management contributes to closing the energy efficiency gap. The study follows a mixed-methods approach and combines eleven ethnographic case studies and a quantitative survey among 500 manufacturing SMEs in Southern Germany. The main contribution of the paper is to offer a perspective on energy efficiency in SMEs beyond the diffusion of energyefficient technology. By contrast, our results strongly suggest that the diffusion of energy efficiency in industrial companies should not be solely reduced to decisions for technical measures. We shed light on how energy efficiency is established and the importance of energy management in SMEs. Our study shows that energy efficiency is well established in the investigated SMEs. At the same time, establishment cannot be explained by company size or energy demand. By contrast, the contextual environment of the company and the individual leadership of the company appear to have a more substantial influence. The embedding of energy efficiency in corporate strategy, a broad spectrum of different practices, the involvement of the employees, actions for raising awareness in everyday work life, and distributing attention by organizational measures constitute the driving forces in establishing energy efficiency, and these drivers can be subsumed under the label of energy management.}, language = {en} } @techreport{AliPhanShabanietal.2020, author = {Ali, Wael and Phan, Hung Minh and Shabani, Valbone and Derksen, Leonie and Wallmeier, Ruth and Caglar, Seden and Topalovic, Ana Marija and Etemad-Parishanzadeh, Omid and Textor, Torsten and Gutmann, Jochen and Mayer-Gall, Thomas}, title = {Neue stickstoff- und phosphormodifizierte Verbindungen f{\"u}r den permanenten Flammschutz von Textilien via Sol-Gel-Applikation - (DTNW Mitteilung Nr. 120)}, publisher = {Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West}, address = {Krefeld}, issn = {1430-1954}, doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.23821.36326}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30674}, pages = {82}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Sol-Gel basierte Flammschutzmittel stellen einen vielversprechenden Ansatz f{\"u}r Textilien dar, gerade im Bereich des Ersatzes von derzeit etablierten halogenhaltigen Flammschutzmitteln. Letztere sind aufgrund ihrer toxikologisch Bedenklichkeit sowie ihrer mitunter bioakkumulierenden Eigenschaften in die Kritik geraten. In diesem Forschungsvorhaben wurde daher untersucht wie aus Phosphor- und stickstoffhaltige Silane halogenfreie Flammschutzmittel verwirklicht werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Sol-Gel-Schicht fungierte dabei zum einen als nicht brennbarer Binder, zum anderen konnten {\"u}ber das Anbinden von Phosphorgruppen in an kommerziell verf{\"u}gbare Silane Flammschutz aktive Gruppen direkt mit eingebunden werden. Verschiedene Syntheseans{\"a}tze wurden dabei verfolgt, wobei durch alle hergestellten N-P-Silane ein Flammschutz nach DIN EN ISO 15025 (Schutzkleidung - Schutz gegen Hitze und Flammen) erhalten wurden. Dabei h{\"a}ngt die Flammschutzwirkung stark von den funktionellen Gruppen und der Oxidationsstufe des Phosphors ab, dabei konnte ein entsprechender Flammschutz bei Auflagen von 5 \% erzielt werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass ein Mechanismus auf Basis der Bildung einer Schutzschicht haupts{\"a}chlich verantwortlich f{\"u}r den Flammschutz ist. Dieses Ergebnis ist f{\"u}r eine zuk{\"u}nftige, weitere Optimierung entsprechender Ausr{\"u}stungen nicht zu untersch{\"a}tzen. Durch Ausr{\"u}stungsversuche im semi-industriellen Maßstab konnte weiterhin gezeigt werden, dass einer großtechnischen Umsetzung der angewandten Ausr{\"u}stungen prinzipiell nichts im Wege steht. Je nach funktioneller Gruppe am Phosphor konnte die Wasserl{\"o}slichkeit und die Waschstabilit{\"a}t kontrolliert werden. Dabei konnte zum einen gezeigt werden, dass hydrophobes N-P-Silane eine bessere Waschbest{\"a}ndigkeit aufweisen, hydrophile N-P-Silane erhalten diese erst bei Fixierungstemperaturen von 180 °C. Ausgehend von den Ergebnissen konnten sticktstoffgenerierende und cyanurs{\"a}ure-basierte N-P-Silane entwickelt werden, welche sich besonders in einer guten Flammschutzwirkung bei Mischgeweben auszeichnen. Insgesamt konnte innerhalb des Forschungsvorhabens gezeigt werden, dass N-P-Silane hervorragende permanente Flammschutzmittel f{\"u}r Textilien sind und auf welchem Mechanismus dieser Flammschutz begr{\"u}ndet ist.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TulliusDogan2020, author = {Tullius, Gabriela and Dogan, Gamze}, title = {PrecRec: supporting older adults sharing recipes}, series = {MuC '20 : Proceedings of the Conference on Mensch und Computer : 6-9 September 2020, Magdeburg}, booktitle = {MuC '20 : Proceedings of the Conference on Mensch und Computer : 6-9 September 2020, Magdeburg}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, pages = {455 -- 459}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Due to decreased mobility or families living apart, older adults are especially vulnerable to the issue of social isolation. Literature suggests that technology can help to prevent this isolation. The present work addresses an approach to participate in society by sharing knowledge that is cherished. We propose the cooking recipe exchange application PrecRec for older adults to make them feel precious and valued. PrecRec has been developed and evaluated in an iterative process with eleven older adults. The results show that a broad perspective has to be taken into account when designing such systems.}, language = {en} } @article{CreutzigKapmeier2020, author = {Creutzig, Felix and Kapmeier, Florian}, title = {Engage, don't preach: Active learning triggers climate action}, series = {Energy research \& social science : ERSS}, volume = {70}, journal = {Energy research \& social science : ERSS}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2214-6296}, doi = {10.1016/j.erss.2020.101779}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Traditional communication of research on climate change fails to encourage individual, corporate, and political leaders to take appropriate action. We argue that this problem is based on an overly simplistic unidirectional model of science communication. Conversely, theory shows that active learning processes are better suited to initiate and mobilize engagement among all stakeholders. Here, we integrate theoretical insights on active learning with empirical evidence from serious gaming: communication should be understood as an integral design feature that relates active learning on climate change to tangible action.}, language = {en} } @article{GruenewaldVeit2020, author = {Gr{\"u}newald, Hazel and Veit, Baldur}, title = {Managing internationalisation - combining a centralised and a decentralised approach}, series = {Internationalisation of higher education : developments in the European higher education area and worldwide}, journal = {Internationalisation of higher education : developments in the European higher education area and worldwide}, number = {4}, publisher = {DUZ Verlags- und Medienhaus}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2199-5125}, doi = {10.36197/INT.4-2020.03}, pages = {36 -- 59}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This article examines centralised and decentralised approaches towards managing internationalisation by means of a case study. Reutlingen University (Hochschule Reutlingen), a university of applied sciences in Southern Germany, has three decades of experience in managing internationalisation. Its strongly integrated and hybrid approach combines centralised and decentralised strategies with the aim of achieving responsiveness, innovation, transparency, quality, and goal alignment. Centralisation and decentralisation are manifested on two levels: university versus schools, and school versus individual programmes. Since internationalisation is embedded in virtually all areas of the university's operations, examples will be provided ranging from administration and marketing to research, international programme management and curricula.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KotsteinDecker2020, author = {Kotstein, Sebastian and Decker, Christian}, title = {Navigational support for non HATEOAS-compliant web-based APIs}, series = {Service-Oriented Computing : 14th Symposium and Summer School on Service-Oriented Computing, SummerSOC 2020, Crete, Greece, September 13-19, 2020, proceedings}, booktitle = {Service-Oriented Computing : 14th Symposium and Summer School on Service-Oriented Computing, SummerSOC 2020, Crete, Greece, September 13-19, 2020, proceedings}, editor = {Dustdar, Schahram}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-64846-6_10}, pages = {169 -- 188}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State (HATEOAS) is one of the core constraints of REST. It refers to the concept of embedding hyperlinks into the response of a queried or manipulated resource to show a client possible follow-up actions and transitions to related resources. Thus, this concept aims to provide a client with a navigational support when interacting with a Web-based application. Although HATEOAS should be implemented by any Web-based API claiming to be RESTful, API providers tend to offer service descriptions in place of embedding hyperlinks into responses. Instead of relying on a navigational support, a client developer has to read the service description and has to identify resources and their URIs that are relevant for the interaction with the API. In this paper, we introduce an approach that aims to identify transitions between resources of a Web-based API by systematically analyzing the service description only. We devise an algorithm that automatically derives a URI Model from the service description and then analyzes the payload schemas to identify feasible values for the substitution of path parameters in URI Templates. We implement this approach as a proxy application, which injects hyperlinks representing transitions into the response payload of a queried or manipulated resource. The result is a HATEOAS-like navigational support through an API. Our first prototype operates on service descriptions in the OpenAPI format. We evaluate our approach using ten real-world APIs from different domains. Furthermore, we discuss the results as well as the observations captured in these tests.}, language = {en} } @article{SuZhuRenetal.2021, author = {Su, Xueping and Zhu, Danyao and Ren, Jie and R{\"a}tsch, Matthias}, title = {Automatic identification of focus personage in multi-lingual news images}, series = {Multimedia tools and applications : an international journal}, volume = {80}, journal = {Multimedia tools and applications : an international journal}, publisher = {Springer Science + Business Media}, address = {Dordrecht}, issn = {1380-7501}, doi = {10.1007/s11042-020-10254-4}, pages = {11015 -- 11030}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Annotations of character IDs in news images are critical as ground truth for news retrieval and recommendation system. Universality and accuracy optimization of deep neural network models constitutes the key technology to improve the precision and computing efficiency of automatic news character identification, which is attracting increased attention globally. This paper explores the optimized deep neural network model for automatic focus personage identification in multi-lingual news. First, the face model of the focus personage is trained by using the corresponding face images from German news as positive samples. Next, the scheme of Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN) + Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) + Conditional Random Field (CRF) is utilized to label the focus name, and the RCNN-RCNN encoder-decoder is applied to translate names of people into multiple languages. Third, face features are described by combining the advantages of Local Gabor Binary Pattern Histogram Sequence (LGBPHS) and RCNN, and iterative quantization (ITQ) is used to binarize codes. Finally, a name semantic network is built for different domains. Experiments are performed on a dataset which comprises approximately 100,000 news images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a significant improvement over other algorithms.}, language = {en} } @article{SuGaoRenetal.2020, author = {Su, Xueping and Gao, Meng and Ren, Jie and Li, Yunhong and R{\"a}tsch, Matthias}, title = {Personalized clothing recommendation based on user emotional analysis}, series = {Discrete dynamics in nature and society : an international multidisciplinary research and review journal}, volume = {2020}, journal = {Discrete dynamics in nature and society : an international multidisciplinary research and review journal}, number = {Cognitive Modeling of Multimodal Data Intensive Systems for Applications in Nature and Society (COMDICS)}, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1026-0226}, doi = {10.1155/2020/7954393}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30648}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {With the continuous development of economy, consumers pay more attention to the demand for personalization clothing. However, the recommendation quality of the existing clothing recommendation system is not enough to meet the user's needs. When browsing online clothing, facial expression is the salient information to understand the user's preference. In this paper, we propose a novel method to automatically personalize clothing recommendation based on user emotional analysis. Firstly, the facial expression is classified by multiclass SVM. Next, the user's multi-interest value is calculated using expression intensity that is obtained by hybrid RCNN. Finally, the multi-interest value is fused to carry out personalized recommendation. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a significant improvement over other algorithms.}, language = {en} } @article{JingWangRaetschetal.2020, author = {Jing, Junfeng and Wang, Zhen and R{\"a}tsch, Matthias and Zhang, Huanhuan}, title = {Mobile-Unet: An efficient convolutional neural network for fabric defect detection}, series = {Textile research journal : TRJ}, journal = {Textile research journal : TRJ}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {0040-5175}, doi = {10.1177/0040517520928604}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Deep learning-based fabric defect detection methods have been widely investigated to improve production efficiency and product quality. Although deep learning-based methods have proved to be powerful tools for classification and segmentation, some key issues remain to be addressed when applied to real applications. Firstly, the actual fabric production conditions of factories necessitate higher real-time performance of methods. Moreover, fabric defects as abnormal samples are very rare compared with normal samples, which results in data imbalance. It makes model training based on deep learning challenging. To solve these problems, an extremely efficient convolutional neural network, Mobile-Unet, is proposed to achieve the end-to-end defect segmentation. The median frequency balancing loss function is used to overcome the challenge of sample imbalance. Additionally, Mobile-Unet introduces depth-wise separable convolution, which dramatically reduces the complexity cost and model size of the network. It comprises two parts: encoder and decoder. The MobileNetV2 feature extractor is used as the encoder, and then five deconvolution layers are added as the decoder. Finally, the softmax layer is used to generate the segmentation mask. The performance of the proposed model has been evaluated by public fabric datasets and self-built fabric datasets. In comparison with other methods, the experimental results demonstrate that segmentation accuracy and detection speed in the proposed method achieve state-of-the-art performance.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GerlachDannerPengetal.2020, author = {Gerlach, Tobias and Danner, Michael and Peng, Le and Kaminickas, Aidas and Fei, Wu and R{\"a}tsch, Matthias}, title = {Who loves virtue as much as he loves beauty?: Deep learning based estimator for aesthetics of portraits}, series = {Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - (Volume 5), 27-29 February 2020, Valletta, Malta}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - (Volume 5), 27-29 February 2020, Valletta, Malta}, editor = {Farinella, Giovanni and Radeva, Petia and Braz, Jose}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS}, address = {Set{\´u}bal, Portugal}, isbn = {978-989-758-402-2}, issn = {2184-4321}, doi = {10.5220/0009172905210528}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30623}, pages = {521 -- 528}, year = {2020}, abstract = {"I have never seen one who loves virtue as much as he loves beauty," Confucius once said. If beauty is more important as goodness, it becomes clear why people invest so much effort in their first impression. The aesthetic of faces has many aspects and there is a strong correlation to all characteristics of humans, like age and gender. Often, research on aesthetics by social and ethic scientists lacks sufficient labelled data and the support of machine vision tools. In this position paper we propose the Aesthetic-Faces dataset, containing training data which is labelled by Chinese and German annotators. As a combination of three image subsets, the AF-dataset consists of European, Asian and African people. The research communities in machine learning, aesthetics and social ethics can benefit from our dataset and our toolbox. The toolbox provides many functions for machine learning with state-of-the-art CNNs and an Extreme-Gradient-Boosting regressor, but also 3D Morphable Model technolo gies for face shape evaluation and we discuss how to train an aesthetic estimator considering culture and ethics.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DannerHuberAwaisetal.2020, author = {Danner, Michael and Huber, Patrik and Awais, Muhammad and Feng, Zhen-Hua and Kittler, Josef and R{\"a}tsch, Matthias}, title = {Texture-based 3D face recognition using deep neural networks for unconstrained human-machine interaction}, series = {Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - (Volume 5), 27-29 February 2020, Valletta, Malta}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - (Volume 5), 27-29 February 2020, Valletta, Malta}, editor = {Farinella, Giovanni and Radeva, Petia and Braz, Jose}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS}, address = {Set{\´u}bal, Portugal}, isbn = {978-989-758-402-2}, issn = {2184-4321}, doi = {10.5220/0008982504200427}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30613}, pages = {420 -- 427}, year = {2020}, abstract = {3D assisted 2D face recognition involves the process of reconstructing 3D faces from 2D images and solving the problem of face recognition in 3D. To facilitate the use of deep neural networks, a 3D face, normally represented as a 3D mesh of vertices and its corresponding surface texture, is remapped to image-like square isomaps by a conformal mapping. Based on previous work, we assume that face recognition benefits more from texture. In this work, we focus on the surface texture and its discriminatory information content for recognition purposes. Our approach is to prepare a 3D mesh, the corresponding surface texture and the original 2D image as triple input for the recognition network, to show that 3D data is useful for face recognition. Texture enhancement methods to control the texture fusion process are introduced and we adapt data augmentation methods. Our results show that texture-map-based face recognition can not only compete with state-of-the-art systems under the same precon ditions but also outperforms standard 2D methods from recent years.}, language = {en} } @article{MrsicBaeuerleUlitzschetal.2021, author = {Mrsic, Ivana and B{\"a}uerle, Tim and Ulitzsch, Steffen and Lorenz, G{\"u}nter and Rebner, Karsten and Kandelbauer, Andreas and Chass{\´e}, Thomas}, title = {Oxygen plasma surface treatment of polymer films—Pellethane 55DE and EPR-g-VTMS}, series = {Applied surface science : a journal devoted to applied physics and chemistry of surfaces and interfaces}, volume = {536}, journal = {Applied surface science : a journal devoted to applied physics and chemistry of surfaces and interfaces}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0169-4332}, doi = {10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147782}, pages = {1 -- 11}, year = {2021}, abstract = {A systematic study using a central composite design of experiments (DoE) was performed on the oxygen plasma surface modifications of two different polymers—Pellethane 2363-55DE, which is a polyurethane, and vinyltrimethoxysilane-grafted ethylene-propylene (EPR-g-VTMS), a cross-linked ethylene-propylene rubber. The impacts of four parameters—gas pressure, generator power, treatment duration, and process temperature—were assessed, with static contact angles and calculated surface free energies (SFEs) as the main responses in the DoE. The plasma effects on the surface roughness and chemistry were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through the sufficiently accurate DoE model evaluation, oxygen gas pressure was established as the most impactful factor, with the surface energy and polarity rising with falling oxygen pressure. Both polymers, though different in composition, exhibited similar modification trends in surface energy rise in the studied system. The SEM images showed a rougher surface topography after low pressure plasma treatments. XPS and subsequent multivariate data analysis of the spectra established that higher oxidized species were formed with plasma treatments at low oxygen pressures of 0.2 mbar.}, language = {en} } @article{SeganJakobiKhokhanietal.2020, author = {Segan, S{\"o}ren and Jakobi, Meike and Khokhani, Paree and Schneider, Markus and Lorenz, G{\"u}nter}, title = {Systematic investigation of polyurethane biomaterial surface roughness on human immune responses in vitro}, series = {BioMed research international}, journal = {BioMed research international}, publisher = {Hindawi}, address = {New York}, issn = {2314-6133}, doi = {10.1155/2020/3481549}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30593}, pages = {1 -- 15}, year = {2020}, abstract = {It has been widely shown that biomaterial surface topography can modulate host immune response, but a fundamental understanding of how different topographies contribute to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses is still lacking. To investigate the impact of surface topography on immune response, we undertook a systematic approach by analyzing immune response to eight grades of medical grade polyurethane of increasing surface roughness in three in vitro models of the human immune system. Polyurethane specimens were produced with defined roughness values by injection molding according to the VDI 3400 industrial standard. Specimens ranged from 0.1 μm to 18 μm in average roughness (Ra), which was confirmed by confocal scanning microscopy. Immunological responses were assessed with THP-1-derived macrophages, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and whole blood following culture on polyurethane specimens. As shown by the release of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in all three models, a mild immune response to polyurethane was observed, however, this was not associated with the degree of surface roughness. Likewise, the cell morphology (cell spreading, circularity, and elongation) in THP-1-derived macrophages and the expression of CD molecules in the PBMC model on T cells (HLA-DR and CD16), NK cells (HLA-DR), and monocytes (HLA-DR, CD16, CD86, and CD163) showed no influence of surface roughness. In summary, this study shows that modifying surface roughness in the micrometer range on polyurethane has no impact on the pro-inflammatory immune response. Therefore, we propose that such modifications do not affect the immunocompatibility of polyurethane, thereby supporting the notion of polyurethane as a biocompatible material.}, language = {en} } @article{DaumVisserWildetal.2020, author = {Daum, Ruben and Visser, Dmitri and Wild, Constanze and Kutuzova, Larysa and Schneider, Maria and Lorenz, G{\"u}nter and Weiss, Martin and Hinderer, Svenja and Stock, Ulrich and Seifert, Martina and Schnke-Layland, Katja}, title = {Fibronectin adsorption on electrospun synthetic vascular grafts attracts endothelial progenitor cells and promotes endothelialization in dynamic in vitro culture}, series = {Cells : open access journal}, volume = {9}, journal = {Cells : open access journal}, number = {3}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4409}, doi = {10.3390/cells9030778}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30580}, pages = {1 -- 29}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Appropriate mechanical properties and fast endothelialization of synthetic grafts are key to ensure long-term functionality of implants. We used a newly developed biostable polyurethane elastomer (TPCU) to engineer electrospun vascular scaffolds with promising mechanical properties (E-modulus: 4.8 ± 0.6 MPa, burst pressure: 3326 ± 78 mmHg), which were biofunctionalized with fibronectin (FN) and decorin (DCN). Neither uncoated nor biofunctionalized TPCU scaffolds induced major adverse immune responses except for minor signs of polymorph nuclear cell activation. The in vivo endothelial progenitor cell homing potential of the biofunctionalized scaffolds was simulated in vitro by attracting endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Although DCN coating did attract ECFCs in combination with FN (FN + DCN), DCN-coated TPCU scaffolds showed a cell-repellent effect in the absence of FN. In a tissue-engineering approach, the electrospun and biofunctionalized tubular grafts were cultured with primary-isolated vascular endothelial cells in a custom-made bioreactor under dynamic conditions with the aim to engineer an advanced therapy medicinal product. Both FN and FN + DCN functionalization supported the formation of a confluent and functional endothelial layer.}, language = {en} } @incollection{LienigScheible2020, author = {Lienig, Jens and Scheible, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {Technology know-how: from silicon to devices}, series = {Fundamentals of layout design for electronic circuits}, booktitle = {Fundamentals of layout design for electronic circuits}, editor = {Lienig, Jens and Scheible, J{\"u}rgen}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-39284-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-39284-0_2}, pages = {31 -- 82}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We discuss the fabrication technologies for IC chips in this chapter. We will focus on the main process steps and especially on those aspects that are of particular importance for understanding how they affect, and in some cases drive, the layout of ICs. All our analyses in this chapter will be for silicon as the base material; the principles and understanding gained can be applied to other substrates as well. Following a brief introduction to the fundamentals of IC fabrication (Sect. 2.1) and the base material used in it, namely silicon (Sect. 2.2), we discuss the photolithography process deployed for all structuring work in Sect. 2.3. We will then present in Sect. 2.4 some theoretical opening remarks on typical phenomena encountered in IC fabrication. Knowledge of these phenomena is very useful for understanding the process steps we cover in Sects. 2.5-2.8. We examine a simple exemplar process in Sect. 2.9 and observe how a field-effect transistor (FET) - the most important device in modern integrated circuits—is created. To drive the key points home, we provide a review of each topic at the end of every section from the point of view of layout design by discussing relevant physical design aspects.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HertweckHoffmannKinitzkietal.2020, author = {Hertweck, Dieter and Hoffmann, Claus and Kinitzki, Martin and Meßmer, Sascha and Rossmann, Alexander}, title = {Das ZD.BB - Digitaler Hub f{\"u}r kleine und mittelst{\"a}ndische Unternehmen in der Region Stuttgart}, series = {Innovative Wirtschaftsf{\"o}rderungen in Deutschland : Praxisberichte, Konzepte und Zukunftsstrategien}, booktitle = {Innovative Wirtschaftsf{\"o}rderungen in Deutschland : Praxisberichte, Konzepte und Zukunftsstrategien}, editor = {Stember, J{\"u}rgen}, publisher = {Springer Gabler}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {9783658284831}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-28483-1_27}, pages = {259 -- 270}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Digitale Transformation ist eines der meistdiskutierten Themen in der heutigen Gesch{\"a}ftswelt. Viele Unternehmen, vor allem kleine und mittelst{\"a}ndische Unternehmen (KMU), tun sich schwer die Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung einzusch{\"a}tzen. Mit all den M{\"o}glichkeiten und Chancen, welche die Digitalisierung birgt, droht Unternehmen, die sich vor den Entwicklungen verschließen, der Verlust ihrer Markt- und Wettbewerbsposition. Mit dem im Februar 2019 er{\"o}ffneten Digital Hub ZD.BB (Zentrum Digitalisierung) besteht in der Region Stuttgart eine neue, zentrale Anlaufstelle f{\"u}r Fragen rund um das Thema Digitalisierung. Am ZD.BB erhalten kleine und mittelst{\"a}ndische Unternehmen (KMU) sowie Startups f{\"u}r ihre digitalen Transformationsprozesse eine kompetente Beratung und Betreuung. Sie geht von der Sensibilisierung {\"u}ber die Analyse bis zur L{\"o}sungsentwicklung f{\"u}r digitale Prozesse. Mithilfe einer digitalen Qualifizierungsoffensive und mittelstandsgerechten Methoden zur Gesch{\"a}ftsmodellentwicklung werden Unternehmen im ZD.BB umfassend bei ihren Digitalisierungsvorhaben unterst{\"u}tzt. Dazu werden in Innovationslaboren, in Coworking Spaces und bei Events unterschiedliche Kompetenzen, Disziplinen, Ideen, Technologien und Kreativit{\"a}t vernetzt und auf diese Weise digitale Innovationen hervorgebracht.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-3055, title = {Wissenschaftliche Vertiefungskonferenz HUC - Mensch im Mittelpunkt : Informatik-Konferenz an der Hochschule Reutlingen, 18. November 2015}, editor = {Kloos, Uwe and Mart{\´i}nez Madrid, Natividad and Tullius, Gabriela}, publisher = {Hochschule Reutlingen}, address = {Reutlingen}, isbn = {978-3-00-051706-8}, doi = {10.34645/opus-3055}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30554}, pages = {176}, year = {2015}, language = {de} } @article{BaumungBaumung2020, author = {Baumung, Wjatscheslav and Baumung, Viktor}, title = {Application of Machine Learning and Vision for real-time condition monitoring and acceleration of product development cycles}, series = {Procedia manufacturing}, volume = {52}, journal = {Procedia manufacturing}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2351-9789}, doi = {10.1016/j.promfg.2020.11.012}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30548}, pages = {61 -- 66}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Development work within an experimental environment, in which certain properties are investigated and optimized, requires many test runs and is therefore often associated with long execution times, costs and risks. This can affect product, material and technology development in industry and research. New digital driver technologies offer the possibility to automate complex manual work steps in a cost-effective way, to increase the relevance of the results and to accelerate the processes many times over. In this context, this article presents a low-cost, modular and open-source machine vision system for test execution and evaluates it on the basis of a real industrial application. For this purpose a methodology for the automated execution of the load intervals, the process documentation and for the evaluation of the generated data by means of machine learning to classify wear levels. The software and the mechanical structure are designed to be adaptable to different conditions, components and for a variety of tasks in industry and research. The mechanical structure is required for tracking the test object and represents a motion platform with independent positioning by machine vision operators or machine learning. An evaluation of the state of the test object is performed by the transfer learning after the initial documentation run. The manual procedure for classifying the visually recorded data on the state of the test object is described for the training material. This leads to an increased resource efficiency on the material as well as on the personnel side since on the one hand the significance of the tests performed is increased by the continuous documentation and on the other hand the responsible experts can be assigned time efficiently. The presence and know-how of the experts are therefore only required for defined and decisive events during the execution of the experiments. Furthermore, the generated data are suitable for later use as an additional source of data for predictive maintenance of the developed object.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-3053, title = {Wissenschaftliche Vertiefungskonferenz HuC - Digital Future : Informatik-Konferenz an der Hochschule Reutlingen, 16. November 2016}, editor = {Kloos, Uwe and Mart{\´i}nez Madrid, Natividad and Tullius, Gabriela}, publisher = {Hochschule Reutlingen}, address = {Reutlingen}, isbn = {978-3-00-054956-4}, doi = {10.34645/opus-3053}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30535}, pages = {75}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-3048, title = {Wissenschaftliche Vertiefungskonferenz HUC - That's IT : Informatik-Konferenz an der Hochschule Reutlingen, 21. November 2018}, editor = {Kloos, Uwe and Mart{\´i}nez Madrid, Natividad and Tullius, Gabriela}, publisher = {Hochschule Reutlingen}, address = {Reutlingen}, isbn = {978-3-00-061377-7}, doi = {10.34645/opus-3048}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30484}, pages = {195}, year = {2018}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{Baumung2020, author = {Baumung, Wjatscheslav}, title = {Design of an architecture of a Production Planning and Control System (PPC) for Additive Manufacturing (AM)}, series = {Business Information Systems : 23rd International Conference, BIS 2020, Colorado Springs, USA, June 8-10, 2020, proceedings - (Lecture notes in business information processing ; 389)}, booktitle = {Business Information Systems : 23rd International Conference, BIS 2020, Colorado Springs, USA, June 8-10, 2020, proceedings - (Lecture notes in business information processing ; 389)}, editor = {Abramowicz, Witold and Klein, Gary}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-53337-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-53337-3_29}, pages = {391 -- 402}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Additive Manufacturing is increasingly used in the industrial sector as a result of continuous development. In the Production Planning and Control (PPC) system, AM enables an agile response in the area of detailed and process planning, especially for a large number of plants. For this purpose, a concept for a PPC system for AM is presented, which takes into account the requirements for integration into the operational enterprise software system. The technical applicability will be demonstrated by individual implemented sections. The presented solution approach promises a more efficient utilization of the plants and a more elastic use.}, language = {en} } @incollection{SchwuchowSpathWarschatetal.2020, author = {Schwuchow, Karlheinz and Spath, Dieter and Warschat, Joachim and Buck, Hartmut and Ohlhausen, Peter}, title = {Personalmanagement}, series = {H{\"U}TTE - Das Ingenieurwissen}, booktitle = {H{\"U}TTE - Das Ingenieurwissen}, editor = {Hennecke, Manfred and Skrotzki, Birgit}, edition = {35., aktualisierte Auflage}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-57492-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-57492-8_80-1}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Auch wenn der Wert in keiner Bilanz auftaucht: das Humankapital entscheidet {\"u}ber den Unternehmenserfolg. W{\"a}hrend Kapital im {\"U}berfluss vorhanden ist, ist das Personal zunehmend der Engpassfaktor. Wurde bis in die 1980er-Jahre der Mensch als Produktionsfaktor und die Personalabteilung als seine Verwaltungsinstanz gesehen, so ist die Personalarbeit heute ein integratives Element des Managementprozesses und die Personalabteilung aktiver Teil des Managementteams (Scholz 2014c). Damit verbunden ist der begriffliche Wandel von Personalwirtschaft bzw. Personalverwaltung hin zum Personalmanagement bzw. Human Ressource Management (HRM). Die Begriffe signalisieren eine st{\"a}rker strategisch ausgerichtete Auseinandersetzung mit allen Fragen, die den Einsatz von Personal und die Verkn{\"u}pfung der Personal- mit der Unternehmensstrategie zum Gegenstand haben. Wichtige Aufgaben der Personalarbeit sind Personalplanung, Personalbeschaffung, Personalentwicklung, Personaleinsatz, Personalkostenmanagement, Personalf{\"u}hrung. Diese werden in der Regel von unterschiedlichen Stellen wahrgenommen - neben der Personalabteilung spielen dabei auch die direkte F{\"u}hrungskraft sowie die Unternehmensleitung eine wichtige Rolle.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{BoniniSchuhmacherUrruetal.2020, author = {Bonini, Marco and Schuhmacher, Jan and Urru, Augusto and Wezel, Jan Philipp and Hummel, Vera and Echelmeyer, Wolfgang}, title = {Planning of available resources considering ergonomics under deterministic highly variable demand}, series = {2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 14-17 December 2020, virtual, proceedings}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), 14-17 December 2020, virtual, proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-5386-7220-4}, doi = {10.1109/IEEM45057.2020.9309890}, pages = {96 -- 102}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In this paper, a method for hybrid short- to long-term planning of available resources for operations is presented, which is based on a known or deterministically forecasted but highly variable demand. The method considers quantitative measures such as the performance and the availability of resources, ergonomically relevant KPI and ultimately process costs in order to serve as a pragmatic planning tool for operations managers in SMEs. Specifically, the method enables exploiting the ergonomic advantages of available flexible automation technology (e.g. AGVs or picking robots), while assuring that these do not represent a capacity bottleneck. After presenting the method along with the necessary assumptions, mainly concerning the availability of data for the calculations, we report a case study that quantifies the impact of throughput variability on the selection of different process alternatives, where different teams of resources are used.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-3047, title = {Wissenschaftliche Vertiefungskonferenz : Informatik-Konferenz an der Hochschule Reutlingen, 27. November 2019}, editor = {Kloos, Uwe and Mart{\´i}nez Madrid, Natividad and Tullius, Gabriela}, publisher = {Hochschule Reutlingen}, address = {Reutlingen}, issn = {978-3-00-064236-4}, doi = {10.34645/opus-3047}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30472}, pages = {110}, year = {2019}, language = {de} } @book{Banke2020, author = {Banke, Bernd}, title = {Ethik : Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik}, edition = {2.}, publisher = {Hamburger Fern-Hochschule}, address = {Hamburg}, pages = {66}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TrieflingerMuenchHeisleretal.2021, author = {Trieflinger, Stefan and M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen and Heisler, Bernd and Lang, Dominic}, title = {Essential approaches to dual-track agile: results from a grey literature review}, series = {Software business : 11th International Conference, ICSOB 2020, Karlskrona, Sweden, November 16-18, 2020, proceedings - (Lecture notes in business information processing ; 407)}, booktitle = {Software business : 11th International Conference, ICSOB 2020, Karlskrona, Sweden, November 16-18, 2020, proceedings - (Lecture notes in business information processing ; 407)}, editor = {Klotins, Eriks and Wnuk, Krzysztof}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {9783030672928}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-67292-8_5}, pages = {55 -- 69}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Context: Nowadays, companies are challenged by increasing market dynamics, rapid changes and disruptive participants entering the market. To survive in such an environment, companies must be able to quickly discover product ideas that meet the needs of both customers and the company and deliver these products to customers. Dual-track agile is a new type of agile development that combines product discovery and delivery activities in parallel, iterative, and cyclical ways. At present, many companies have difficulties in finding and establishing suitable approaches for implementing dual-track agile in their business context. Objective: In order to gain a better understanding of how product discovery and product delivery can interact with each other and how this interaction can be implemented in practice, this paper aims to identify suitable approaches to dual-track agile. Method: We conducted a grey literature review (GLR) according to the guidelines to Garousi et al. Results: Several approaches that support the integration of product discovery with product delivery were identified. This paper presents a selection of these approaches, i.e., the Discovery-Delivery Cycle model, Now-Next-Later Product Roadmaps, Lean Sprints, Product Kata, and Dual-Track Scrum. The approaches differ in their granularity but are similar in their underlying rationales. All approaches aim to ensure that only validated ideas turn into products and thus promise to lead to products that are better received by their users.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TrieflingerMuenchLang2020, author = {Trieflinger, Stefan and M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen and Lang, Dominic}, title = {The evolution of the DEEP model to enable product roadmapping in dynamic market environments}, series = {SEAA 2020: the 46th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications ; proceedings of the Works in Progress Session, 26-18 August 2020, Portoroz, Slovenia (Virtual Event)}, booktitle = {SEAA 2020: the 46th EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications ; proceedings of the Works in Progress Session, 26-18 August 2020, Portoroz, Slovenia (Virtual Event)}, editor = {Grosspietsch, Erwin and Kl{\"o}ckner, Konrad}, publisher = {Johannes Kepler University Linz}, address = {Linz, {\"O}sterreich}, pages = {3}, year = {2020}, abstract = {It is essential for the success of a company to set a strategic direction in which a product offering will be developed over time to achieve the company vision. For this reason, roadmaps are used in practice. in general, roadmaps can be expressed in various forms such as technology roadmaps, product roadmaps or industry roadmaps. From the point of view of industry, the basic purpose of a roadmap is to explore, visualize and communicate the dynamic linkage between markets, products and technology.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TrieflingerMuenchKnoopetal.2020, author = {Trieflinger, Stefan and M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen and Knoop, Vera and Lang, Dominic}, title = {Facing the challenges with product roadmaps in uncertain markets: experience from industry}, series = {2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) : 15-17 June 2020, Cardiff UK, proceedings}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC) : 15-17 June 2020, Cardiff UK, proceedings}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, doi = {10.1109/ICE/ITMC49519.2020.9198359}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Nowadays companies are facing increasing market dynamics, rapidly evolving technologies and shifting user expectations. Together with the adoption of lean and agile practices this situation makes it increasingly difficult to plan and predict upfront which products, services or features should be developed in the future. Consequently, many organizations are struggling with their ability to provide reliable and stable product roadmaps by applying traditional approaches. This paper aims at identifying and getting a better understanding of which measures companies have taken to transform their current product roadmapping practices to the requirements of a dynamic and uncertain market environment. This also includes challenges and success factors within this transformation process as well as measures that companies have planned for the future. We conducted 18 semi-structured expert interviews with practitioners of different companies and performed a thematic data analysis. The study shows that the participating companies are aware that the transformation of traditional product roadmapping practices to fulfill the requirements of a dynamic and uncertain market environment is necessary. The most important measures that the participating companies have taken are 1) adequate item planning concerning the timeline, 2) the replacement of a fixed time-based chart by a more flexible structure, 3) the use of outcomes to determine the items (such as features) on the a roadmap, 4) the creation of a central roadmap which allows deriving different representation for each stakeholder and department.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TrieflingerMuenchBogazkoeyetal.2020, author = {Trieflinger, Stefan and M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen and Bogazk{\"o}y, Emre and Eißler, Patrick and Schneider, Jan and Roling, Bastian}, title = {Product roadmap alignment - achieving the vision together: A grey literature review}, series = {Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming - Workshops : XP 2020 Workshops, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 8-12, 2020, Revised Selected Papers}, booktitle = {Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming - Workshops : XP 2020 Workshops, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 8-12, 2020, Revised Selected Papers}, editor = {Paasivaara, Maria and Kruchten, Phlippe}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_6}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-29541}, pages = {50 -- 57}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Context: A product roadmap is an important tool in product development. It sets the strategic direction in which the product is to be developed to achieve the company's vision. However, for product roadmaps to be successful, it is essential that all stakeholders agree with the company's vision and objectives and are aligned and committed to a common product plan. Objective: In order to gain a better understanding of product roadmap alignment, this paper aims at identifying measures, activities and techniques in order to align the different stakeholders around the product roadmap. Method: We conducted a grey literature review according the guidelines to Garousi et al. Results: Several approaches to gain alignment were identified such as defining and communicating clear objectives based on the product vision, conducting cross-functional workshops, shuttle diplomacy, and mission briefing. In addition, our review identified the "Behavioural Change Stairway Model" that suggests five steps to gain alignment by building empathy and a trustful relationship.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuenchTrieflingerLang2020, author = {M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen and Trieflinger, Stefan and Lang, Dominic}, title = {What's hot in product roadmapping? : Key practices and success factors}, series = {Software Engineering 2020 : Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria - (GI-Edition : Lecture notes in informatics : proceedings ; 300)}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2020 : Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria - (GI-Edition : Lecture notes in informatics : proceedings ; 300)}, editor = {Felderer, Michael and Hasselbring, Wilhelm and Rabiser, Rick and Jung, Reiner}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-694-7}, issn = {1617-5468}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30448}, pages = {31 -- 32}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Context: Organizations are increasingly challenged by dynamic and technical market environments. Traditional product roadmapping practices such as detailed and fixed long-term planning typically fail in such environments. Therefore, companies are actively seeking ways to improve their product roadmapping approach. Goal: This paper aims at identifying problems and challenges with respect to product roadmapping. In addition, it aims at understanding how companies succeed in improving their roadmapping practices in their respective company contexts. Method: We conducted semi-structured expert interviews with 15 experts from 13 German companies and conducted athematic data analysis. Results: The analysis showed that a significant number of companies is still struggling with traditional feature-based product-roadmapping and opinion-based prioritization of features. The most promising areas for improvement are stating the outcomes a company is trying to achieve and making them part of the roadmap, sharing or co-developing the roadmap with stakeholders, and establishing discovery activities.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KuepperPfahlJuerisooetal.2020, author = {K{\"u}pper, Steffen and Pfahl, Dietmar and J{\"u}risoo, Kristjan and Diebold, Philipp and M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen and Kuhrmann, Marco}, title = {How has SPI changed in times of agile development? Results from a multi-method study}, series = {Software Engineering 2020 : Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria - (GI-Edition : Lecture notes in informatics : proceedings ; 300)}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2020 : Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria - (GI-Edition : Lecture notes in informatics : proceedings ; 300)}, editor = {Felderer, Michael and Hasselbring, Wilhelm and Rabiser, Rick and Jung, Reiner}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978 3 88579 694 7}, issn = {1617-5468}, doi = {10.18420/SE2020_19}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30432}, pages = {71 -- 72}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The emergence of agile methods and practices has not only changed the development processes but might also have affected how companies conduct software process improvement (SPI). Through a set of complementary studies, we aim to understand how SPI has changed in times of agile software development. Specifically, we aim (1) to identify and characterize the set of publications that connect elements of agility to SPI, (2) to explore to which extent agile methods/practices have been used in the context of SPI, and (3) to understand whether the topics addressed in the literature are relevant and useful for industry professionals. To study these questions, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the literature identified in a previous mapping study, an interview study, and an analysis of the responses given by industry professionals to SPI-related questions stemming from an independently conducted survey study.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OezalMuench2020, author = {{\"O}zal, Neslihan and M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen}, title = {How to conduct customer interviews? A workshop format for teaching customer interview skills}, series = {Software business : 11th International Conference, ICSOB 2020, Karlskrona, Sweden, November 16-18, 2020, proceedings}, booktitle = {Software business : 11th International Conference, ICSOB 2020, Karlskrona, Sweden, November 16-18, 2020, proceedings}, editor = {Klotins, Eriks and Wnuk, Krzysztof}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-67292-8}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-67292-8_9}, pages = {118 -- 133}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A fast way to test business ideas and to explore customer problems and needs is to talk to them. Customer interviews help to understand what solutions customers will pay for before investing valuable resources to develop solutions. Customer interviews are a good way to gain qualitative insights. However, conducting interviews can be a difficult procedure and requires specific skills. The current ways of teaching interview skills have significant deficiencies. They especially lack guidance and opportunities to practice. Objective: The goal of this work is to develop and validate a workshop format to teach interview skills for conducting good customer interviews in a practical manner. Method: The research method is based on design science research which serves as a framework. A game-based workshop format was designed to teach interview skills. The approach consists of a half-day, hands-on workshop and is based on an analysis of necessary interview skills. The approach has been validated in several workshops and improved based on learnings from those workshops. Results: Results of the validation show that participants could significantly improve their interview skills while enjoying the game-based exercises. The game-based learning approach supports learning and practicing customer interview skills with playful and interactive elements that encourage greater motivation among participants to conduct interviews.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MuenchTrieflingerHeisler2020, author = {M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen and Trieflinger, Stefan and Heisler, Bernd}, title = {Product discovery - building the right things: insights from a grey literature review}, series = {2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC): proceedings, 15-17 June 2020, Cardiff, UK}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation (ICE/ITMC): proceedings, 15-17 June 2020, Cardiff, UK}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, doi = {10.1109/ICE/ITMC49519.2020.9198328}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In recent years companies have faced challenges by high market dynamics, rapidly evolving technologies and shifting user expectations. Together with the adaption of lean and agile practices, it is increasingly difficult to predict upfront which products, features or services will satisfy the needs of the customers and the organization. Currently, many new products fail to produce a significant financial return. One reason is that companies are not doing enough product discovery activities. Product discovery aims at tackling the various risks before the implementation of a product starts. The academic literature only provides little guidance for conducting product discovery in practice. Objective: In order to gain a better understanding of product discovery activities in practice, this paper aims at identifying motivations, approaches, challenges, risks, and pitfalls of product discovery reported in the grey literature. Method: We performed a grey literature review (GLR) according to the guidelines to Garousi et al. Results: The study shows that the main motivation for conducting product discovery activities is to reduce the uncertainty to a level that makes it possible to start building a solution that provides value for the customers and the business. Several product discovery approaches are reported in the grey literature which include different phases such as alignment, problem exploration, ideation, and validation. Main challenges are, among others, the lack of clarity of the problem to be solved, the prescription of concrete solutions through management or experts, and the lack of cross-functional collaboration.}, language = {en} } @incollection{KluenderKarajicTelletal.2021, author = {Kl{\"u}nder, Jil and Karajic, Dzejlana and Tell, Paolo and Karras, Oliver and M{\"u}nkel, Christian and M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen and MacDonell, Stephen and Hebig, Regina and Kuhrmann, Marco}, title = {Determining context factors for hybrid development methods with trained models}, series = {Software Engineering 2021}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2021}, editor = {Koziolek, Anne and Schaefer, Ina and Seidl, Christoph}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-88579-704-3}, issn = {1617-5468}, doi = {10.18420/SE2021_21}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-29650}, pages = {65 -- 66}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Selecting a suitable development method for a specific project context is one of the most challenging activities in process design. To extend the so far statistical construction of hybrid development methods, we analyze 829 data points to investigate which context factors influence the choice of methods or practices. Using exploratory factor analysis, we derive five base clusters consisting of up to 10 methods. Logistic regression analysis then reveals which context factors have an influence on the integration of methods from these clusters in the development process. Our results indicate that only a few context factors including project/product size and target application domain significantly influence the choice. This summary refers to the paper "Determining Context Factors for Hybrid Development Methods with Trained Models". This paper was published in the proceedings of the International Conference on Software and System Process in 2020.}, language = {en} } @book{WeberSchaefferBinder2020, author = {Weber, J{\"u}rgen and Sch{\"a}ffer, Utz and Binder, Christoph}, title = {Einf{\"u}hrung in das Controlling : {\"U}bungen und Fallstudien mit L{\"o}sungen}, edition = {4., {\"u}berarbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage}, publisher = {Sch{\"a}ffer-Poeschel}, address = {Stuttgart}, isbn = {9783791043364}, doi = {10.34156/9783791043371}, pages = {507}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Mit den Aufgaben und Fallstudien des {\"U}bungsbuchs lassen sich gezielt die zentralen Kapitel und Themen des Lehrbuchs wiederholen, vertiefen und auf Problemstellungen der Unternehmnespraxis {\"u}bertraggen. Die detaillierten L{\"o}sungshinweise zu allen Aufgabenstellungen sind durch zahlreiche Abbildungen und Tabellen unmittelbar nachvollziehbar. Damit erm{\"o}glicht das {\"U}bungsbuch insbesondere eine optimale Pr{\"u}fungsvorbereitung.}, language = {de} } @article{ZhikharevaKrammBodinetal.2020, author = {Zhikhareva, G and Kramm, Mikhail and Bodin, Oleg and Seepold, Ralf and Mart{\´i}nez Madrid, Natividad and Chernikov, A and Kupriyanova, Y and Zhuravleva, N}, title = {Conversion from electrocardiosignals to equivalent electrical sources on heart surface}, series = {BMC bioinformatics}, volume = {21}, journal = {BMC bioinformatics}, number = {2}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1471-2105}, doi = {10.1186/s12859-020-3354-8}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-29913}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background The actual task of electrocardiographic examinations is to increase the reliability of diagnosing the condition of the heart. Within the framework of this task, an important direction is the solution of the inverse problem of electrocardiography, based on the processing of electrocardiographic signals of multichannel cardio leads at known electrode coordinates in these leads (Titomir et al. Noninvasiv electrocardiotopography, 2003), (Macfarlane et al. Comprehensive Electrocardiology, 2nd ed. (Chapter 9), 2011). Results In order to obtain more detailed information about the electrical activity of the heart, we carry out a reconstruction of the distribution of equivalent electrical sources on the heart surface. In this area, we hold reconstruction of the equivalent sources during the cardiac cycle at relatively low hardware cost. ECG maps of electrical potentials on the surface of the torso (TSPM) and electrical sources on the surface of the heart (HSSM) were studied for different times of the cardiac cycle. We carried out a visual and quantitative comparison of these maps in the presence of pathological regions of different localization. For this purpose we used the model of the heart electrical activity, based on cellular automata. Conclusions The model of cellular automata allows us to consider the processes of heart excitation in the presence of pathological regions of various sizes and localization. It is shown, that changes in the distribution of electrical sources on the surface of the epicardium in the presence of pathological areas with disturbances in the conduction of heart excitation are much more noticeable than changes in ECG maps on the torso surface.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GaidukSeepoldMartinezMadridetal.2020, author = {Gaiduk, Maksym and Seepold, Ralf and Mart{\´i}nez Madrid, Natividad and Orcioni, Simone and Conti, Massimo}, title = {Recognizing breathing rate and movement while sleeping in home environment}, series = {Applications in electronics pervading industry, environment and society : APPLEPIES 2019. - (Lecture notes in electrical engineering ; 627)}, booktitle = {Applications in electronics pervading industry, environment and society : APPLEPIES 2019. - (Lecture notes in electrical engineering ; 627)}, editor = {Saponara, Sergio and De Gloria, Alessandro}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-37276-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-37277-4_38}, pages = {333 -- 339}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The recovery of our body and brain from fatigue directly depends on the quality of sleep, which can be determined from the results of a sleep study. The classification of sleep stages is the first step of this study and includes the measurement of vital data and their further processing. The non-invasive sleep analysis system is based on a hardware sensor network of 24 pressure sensors providing sleep phase detection. The pressure sensors are connected to an energy-efficient microcontroller via a system-wide bus. A significant difference between this system and other approaches is the innovative way in which the sensors are placed under the mattress. This feature facilitates the continuous use of the system without any noticeable influence on the sleeping person. The system was tested by conducting experiments that recorded the sleep of various healthy young people. Results indicate the potential to capture respiratory rate and body movement.}, language = {en} } @incollection{HeydWader2020, author = {Heyd, Reinhard and Wader, Dominic}, title = {\S 305 Aufwands- und Ertragskonsolidierung}, series = {Bilanzrecht Kommentar : Handelsbilanz, Steuerbilanz, Pr{\"u}fung, Offenlegung, Gesellschaftsrecht}, booktitle = {Bilanzrecht Kommentar : Handelsbilanz, Steuerbilanz, Pr{\"u}fung, Offenlegung, Gesellschaftsrecht}, editor = {Hachmeister, Dirk and Kahle, Holger and Mock, Sebastian and Sch{\"u}ppen, Matthias}, edition = {2., neu bearbeitete Auflage}, publisher = {Otto Schmidt}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {9783504253813}, pages = {1424 -- 1440}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @incollection{WaderHeyd2020, author = {Wader, Dominic and Heyd, Reinhard}, title = {\S 304 Behandlung der Zwischenergebnisse}, series = {Bilanzrecht Kommentar : Handelsbilanz, Steuerbilanz, Pr{\"u}fung, Offenlegung, Gesellschaftsrecht}, booktitle = {Bilanzrecht Kommentar : Handelsbilanz, Steuerbilanz, Pr{\"u}fung, Offenlegung, Gesellschaftsrecht}, editor = {Hachmeister, Dirk and Kahle, Holger and Mock, Sebastian and Sch{\"u}ppen, Matthias}, edition = {2., neu bearbeitete Auflage}, publisher = {Otto Schmidt}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {9783504253813}, pages = {1406 -- 1424}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @incollection{HeydWader2020, author = {Heyd, Reinhard and Wader, Dominic}, title = {\S 303 Schuldenkonsolidierung}, series = {Bilanzrecht Kommentar : Handelsbilanz, Steuerbilanz, Pr{\"u}fung, Offenlegung, Gesellschaftsrecht}, booktitle = {Bilanzrecht Kommentar : Handelsbilanz, Steuerbilanz, Pr{\"u}fung, Offenlegung, Gesellschaftsrecht}, editor = {Hachmeister, Dirk and Kahle, Holger and Mock, Sebastian and Sch{\"u}ppen, Matthias}, edition = {2., neu bearbeitete Auflage}, publisher = {Otto Schmidt}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, isbn = {9783504253813}, pages = {1381 -- 1406}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{TellKluenderKuepperetal.2020, author = {Tell, Paolo and Kl{\"u}nder, Jill and K{\"u}pper, Steffen and Raffo, David and MacDonell, Stephen and M{\"u}nch, J{\"u}rgen and Pfahl, Dietmar and Linssen, Oliver and Kuhrmann, Marco}, title = {What are hybrid development methods made of?}, series = {Software Engineering 2020 : Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria - (GI-Edition : Lecture notes in informatics : proceedings ; 300)}, booktitle = {Software Engineering 2020 : Fachtagung des GI-Fachbereichs Softwaretechnik, 24.-28. Februar 2020, Innsbruck, Austria - (GI-Edition : Lecture notes in informatics : proceedings ; 300)}, editor = {Felderer, Michael and Hasselbring, Wilhelm and Rabiser, Rick and Jung, Reiner}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, isbn = {9783885796947}, doi = {10.18420/SE2020_04}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-29535}, pages = {29 -- 30}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Regardless of company size or industry sector, a majority of project teams and companies use customized processes that combine different development methods-so-called hybrid development methods. Even though such hybrid development methods are highly individualized, a common understanding of how to systematically construct synergetic practices is missing. Based on 1,467 data points from a large-scale online survey among practitioners, we study the current state of practice in process use to answer the question: What are hybrid development methods made of? Our findings reveal that only eight methods and few practices build the core of modern software development. This small set allows for statistically constructing hybrid development methods.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZimmermannSandkuhlSchmidtetal.2020, author = {Zimmermann, Alfred and Sandkuhl, Kurt and Schmidt, Rainer and Hertweck, Dieter and Rossmann, Alexander}, title = {Evolution of smart service architectures through cognitive co-creation}, series = {Advances in the human side of service engineering : Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on The Human Side of Service Engineering, July 16-20, 2020, USA}, booktitle = {Advances in the human side of service engineering : Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on The Human Side of Service Engineering, July 16-20, 2020, USA}, editor = {Spohrer, Jim and Leitner, Christine}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-51057-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-51057-2_40}, pages = {289 -- 296}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Today, many companies are adapting their strategy, business models, products, services as well as business processes and information systems in order to expand their digitalization level through intelligent systems and services. The paper raises an important question: What are cognitive co-creation mechanisms for extending digital services and architectures to readjust the usage value of smart services? Typically, extensions of digital services and products and their architectures are manual design tasks that are complex and require specialized, rare experts. The current publication explores the basic idea of extending specific digital artifacts, such as intelligent service architectures, through mechanisms of cognitive co-creation to enable a rapid evolutionary path and better integration of humans and intelligent systems. We explore the development of intelligent service architectures through a combined, iterative, and permanent task of co-creation between humans and intelligent systems as part of a new concept of cognitively adapted smart services. In this paper, we present components of a new platform for the joint co-creation of cognitive services for an ecosystem of intelligent services that enables the adaptation of digital services and architectures.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidtZimmermannKelleretal.2020, author = {Schmidt, Rainer and Zimmermann, Alfred and Keller, Barbara and M{\"o}hring, Michael}, title = {Towards engineering artificial intelligence-based applications}, series = {2020 IEEE 24th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop (EDOCW), proceedings, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 5 October 2020}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE 24th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop (EDOCW), proceedings, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 5 October 2020}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, isbn = {978-1-7281-6471-7}, issn = {2325-6605}, doi = {10.1109/EDOCW49879.2020.00020}, pages = {54 -- 62}, year = {2020}, abstract = {AI technologies such as deep learning provide promising advances in many areas. Using these technologies, enterprises and organizations implement new business models and capabilities. In the beginning, AI-technologies have been deployed in an experimental environment. AI-based applications have been created in an ad-hoc manner and without methodological guidance or engineering approach. Due to the increasing importance of AI-technologies, however, a more structured approach is necessary that enable the methodological engineering of AI-based applications. Therefore, we develop in this paper first steps towards methodological engineering of AI-based applications. First, we identify some important differences between the technological foundations of AI- technologies, in particular deep learning, and traditional information technologies. Then we create a framework that enables to engineer AI-applications using four steps: identification of an AI-application type, sub-type identification, lifecycle phase, and definition of details. The introduced framework considers that AI-applications use an inductive approach to infer knowledge from huge collections and streams of data. It not only enables the rapid development of AI-application but also the efficient sharing of knowledge on AI-applications.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SandkuhlZimmermannSchmidtetal.2020, author = {Sandkuhl, Kurt and Zimmermann, Alfred and Schmidt, Rainer and Jugel, Dierk and M{\"o}hring, Michael}, title = {Managing the architecture complexity of intelligent digital systems}, series = {Proceedings of the workshops co-organized with the 13th IFIP WG 8.1 working conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modelling (PoEM 2020), Online, 26 November 2020. - (CEUR workshop proceedings ; 2749)}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the workshops co-organized with the 13th IFIP WG 8.1 working conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modelling (PoEM 2020), Online, 26 November 2020. - (CEUR workshop proceedings ; 2749)}, editor = {Asprion, Petra and Bāliņa, Signe and Forbrig, Peter and Kampars, Jānis and Kirikova, Mārīte and M{\o}ller, Charles and Morichetta, Andrea and Roelens, Ben and Sandkuhl, Kurt}, publisher = {RWTH Aachen}, address = {Aachen}, issn = {1613-0073}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30348}, pages = {114 -- 126}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Digital technologies are main strategic drivers for digitalization and offer ubiquitous data availability, unlimited connectivity, and massive processing power for a fundamentally changing business. This leads to the development and application of intelligent digital systems. The current state of research and practice of architecting digital systems and services lacks a solid methodological foundation that fully accommodates all requirements linked to efficient and effective development of digital systems in organizations. Research presented in this paper addresses the question, how management of complexity in digital systems and architectures can be supported from a methodological perspective. In this context, the current focus is on a better understanding of the causes of increased complexity and requirements to methodological support. For this purpose, we take an enterprise architecture perspective, i.e. how the introduction of digital systems affects the complexity of EA. Two industrial case studies and a systematic literature analysis result in the proposal of an extended Digital Enterprise Architecture Cube as framework for future methodical support.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZimmermannSchmidtSandkuhl2020, author = {Zimmermann, Alfred and Schmidt, Rainer and Sandkuhl, Kurt}, title = {Strategic challenges for platform-based intelligent assistants}, series = {Procedia computer science}, volume = {176}, booktitle = {Procedia computer science}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1877-0509}, doi = {10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.092}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30339}, pages = {966 -- 975}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Artificial Intelligence-based Assistants AIAs are spreading quickly both in homes and offices. They already have left their original habitats of "intelligent speakers" providing easy access to music collections. The initiated a multitude of new devices and are already populating devices such as TV sets. Characteristic for the intelligent digital assistants is the formation of platforms around their core functionality. Thus, AIS capabilities of the assistants are used to offer new services and create new interfaces for business processes. There are positive network effects between the assistants and the services as well as within the services. Therefore, many companies see the need to get involved in the field of digital assistants but lack a framework to align their initiatives with their corporate strategies. In order to lay the foundation for a comprehensive method, we are therefore investigating intelligent digital assistants. Based on this analysis, we are developing a framework of strategic opportunities and challenges.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ZimmermannSchmidtJugeletal.2020, author = {Zimmermann, Alfred and Schmidt, Rainer and Jugel, Dierk and M{\"o}hring, Michael}, title = {Evolution of enterprise architecture for intelligent digital systems}, series = {Research challenges in information science : 14th International Conference, RCIS 2020, Limassol, Cyprus, September 23-25, 2020, Proceedings}, booktitle = {Research challenges in information science : 14th International Conference, RCIS 2020, Limassol, Cyprus, September 23-25, 2020, Proceedings}, editor = {Dalpiaz, Fabiano and Zdravkovic, Jelena and Loucopoulos, Pericles}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-50315-4}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-50316-1_9}, pages = {145 -- 153}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Intelligent systems and services are the strategic targets of many current digitalization efforts and part of massive digital transformations based on digital technologies with artificial intelligence. Digital platform architectures and ecosystems provide an essential base for intelligent digital systems. The paper raises an important question: Which development paths are induced by current innovations in the field of artificial intelligence and digitalization for enterprise architectures? Digitalization disrupts existing enterprises, technologies, and economies and promotes the architecture of cognitive and open intelligent environments. This has a strong impact on new opportunities for value creation and the development of intelligent digital systems and services. Digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, service computing, cloud computing, blockchains, big data with analysis, mobile systems, and social business network systems are essential drivers of digitalization. We investigate the development of intelligent digital systems supported by a suitable digital enterprise architecture. We present methodological advances and an evolutionary path for architectures with an integral service and value perspective to enable intelligent systems and services that effectively combine digital strategies and digital architectures with artificial intelligence.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidtZimmermannMoehringetal.2020, author = {Schmidt, Rainer and Zimmermann, Alfred and M{\"o}hring, Michael and Keller, Barbara}, title = {Value creation in connectionist artificial intelligence - a research agenda}, series = {AMCIS 2020 proceedings - Advancings in information systems research : August 10-14, 2020, Online}, booktitle = {AMCIS 2020 proceedings - Advancings in information systems research : August 10-14, 2020, Online}, publisher = {Americas conference on information systems : AMCIS / Association for Information Systems}, address = {Atlanta, Georgia, USA}, isbn = {978-1-7336325-4-62020}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30317}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Artificial Intelligence enables innovative applications, and applications based on Artificial Intelligence are increasingly important for all aspects of the Digital Economy. However, the question of how AI resources such as tools and data can be linked to provide an AI-capability and create business value is still open. Therefore, this paper identifies the value-creating mechanisms of connectionist artificial intelligence using a capability-oriented view and points out the connections to different kinds of business value. The analysis supports an agenda that identifies areas that need further research to understand the mechanism of value creation in connectionist artificial intelligence.}, language = {en} } @article{MoehringSchmidtKelleretal.2020, author = {M{\"o}hring, Michael and Schmidt, Rainer and Keller, Barbara and Sandkuhl, Kurt and Zimmermann, Alfred}, title = {Predictive maintenance information systems: the underlying conditions and technological aspects}, series = {International journal of enterprise information systems : IJEIS}, volume = {16}, journal = {International journal of enterprise information systems : IJEIS}, number = {2}, publisher = {IGI Global}, address = {Hershey, PA}, issn = {1548-1115}, doi = {10.4018/IJEIS.2020040102}, pages = {22 -- 37}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Predictive maintenance has the potential to improve the reliability of production and service provisioning. However, there is little knowledge about the proper implementation of predictive maintenance in research and practice. Therefore, we conducted a multi-case study and investigated underlying conditions and technological aspects for implementing a predictive maintenance system and where it leads to. We found that predictive maintenance initiatives are triggered by severe impacts of failures on revenue and profit. Furthermore, successful predictive maintenance initiatives require that pre-conditions are fulfilled: Data must be available and accessible. Very important is also the support by the management. We identified four factors important for the implementation of predictive maintenance. The integration of data is highly facilitated by Cloud-based mechanisms. The detection of events is enabled by advanced analytics. The execution of predictive maintenance operations is supported by data-driven process automation and visualization.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{HabalTsonevSchweikardt2020, author = {Habal, Husni and Tsonev, Dobroslav and Schweikardt, Matthias}, title = {Compact models for initial MOSFET sizing based on higher-order artificial neural networks}, series = {MLCAD '20: Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for CAD , 16-20 November 2020, Virtual Event, Iceland}, booktitle = {MLCAD '20: Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE Workshop on Machine Learning for CAD , 16-20 November 2020, Virtual Event, Iceland}, publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery}, address = {New York}, isbn = {9781450375191}, doi = {10.1145/3380446.3430632}, pages = {111 -- 116}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Simple MOSFET models intended for hand analysis are inaccurate in deep sub-micrometer process technologies and in the moderate inversion region of device operation. Accurate models, such as the Berkeley BSIM6 model, are too complex for use in hand analysis and are intended for circuit simulators. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are efficient at capturing both linear and non-linear multivariate relationships. In this work, a straightforward modeling technique is presented using ANNs to replace the BSIM model equations. Existing open-source libraries are used to quickly build models with error rates generally below 3\%. When combined with a novel approach, such as the gm/Id systematic design method, the presented models are sufficiently accurate for use in the initial sizing of analog circuit components without simulation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BognerWagnerZimmermann2020, author = {Bogner, Justus and Wagner, Stefan and Zimmermann, Alfred}, title = {Scenario-based evolvability analysis of service-oriented systems: a lightweight and tool-supported method}, series = {ENASE 2020: 15th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering - ENASE, 5-6 May 2020, Virtual Event, proceedings}, booktitle = {ENASE 2020: 15th International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering - ENASE, 5-6 May 2020, Virtual Event, proceedings}, editor = {Ali, Raian and Kaindl, Hermann and Maciaszek, Leszek}, publisher = {SCITEPRESS}, address = {Set{\´u}bal, Portugal}, isbn = {978-989-758-421-3}, doi = {10.5220/0009463902040215}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30290}, pages = {204 -- 215}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Scenario-based analysis is a comprehensive technique to evaluate software quality and can provide more detailed insights than e.g. maintainability metrics. Since such methods typically require significant manual effort, we designed a lightweight scenario-based evolvability evaluation method. To increase efficiency and to limit assumptions, the method exclusively targets service- and microservice-based systems. Additionally, we implemented web-based tool support for each step. Method and tool were also evaluated with a survey (N=40) that focused on change effort estimation techniques and hands-on interviews (N=7) that focused on usability. Based on the evaluation results, we improved method and tool support further. To increase reuse and transparency, the web-based application as well as all survey and interview artifacts are publicly available on GitHub. In its current state, the tool-supported method is ready for first industry case studies.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{BognerWagnerZimmermann2020, author = {Bogner, Justus and Wagner, Stefan and Zimmermann, Alfred}, title = {Collecting service-based maintainability metrics from RESTful API descriptions: static analysis and threshold derivation}, series = {Software architecture : 14th European Conference, ECSA 2020 Tracks and Workshops, L'Aquila, Italy, September 14-18, 2020, proceedings}, booktitle = {Software architecture : 14th European Conference, ECSA 2020 Tracks and Workshops, L'Aquila, Italy, September 14-18, 2020, proceedings}, editor = {Muccini, Henry and Avgeriou, Paris and Buhnova, Barbora and Camara, Javier and Caporuscio, Mauro and Franzago, Mirco and Koziolek, Anne and Scandurra, Patrizia and Trubiani, Catia and Weyns, Danny and Zdun, Uwe}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-59155-7}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-59155-7_16}, pages = {215 -- 227}, year = {2020}, abstract = {While many maintainability metrics have been explicitly designed for service-based systems, tool-supported approaches to automatically collect these metrics are lacking. Especially in the context of microservices, decentralization and technological heterogeneity may pose challenges for static analysis. We therefore propose the modular and extensible RAMA approach (RESTful API Metric Analyzer) to calculate such metrics from machine-readable interface descriptions of RESTful services. We also provide prototypical tool support, the RAMA CLI, which currently parses the formats OpenAPI, RAML, and WADL and calculates 10 structural service-based metrics proposed in scientific literature. To make RAMA measurement results more actionable, we additionally designed a repeatable benchmark for quartile-based threshold ranges (green, yellow, orange, red). In an exemplary run, we derived thresholds for all RAMA CLI metrics from the interface descriptions of 1,737 publicly available RESTful APIs. Researchers and practitioners can use RAMA to evaluate the maintainability of RESTful services or to support the empirical evaluation of new service interface metrics.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bogner2020, author = {Bogner, Justus}, title = {On the evolvability assurance of microservices: metrics, scenarios, and patterns}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Stuttgart}, address = {Stuttgart}, doi = {10.18419/opus-10950}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30279}, pages = {1 -- 347}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Context: Fast moving markets and the age of digitization require that software can be quickly changed or extended with new features. The associated quality attribute is referred to as evolvability: the degree of effectiveness and efficiency with which a system can be adapted or extended. Evolvability is especially important for software with frequently changing requirements, e.g. internet-based systems. Several evolvability-related benefits were arguably gained with the rise of service-oriented computing (SOC) that established itself as one of the most important paradigms for distributed systems over the last decade. The implementation of enterprise-wide software landscapes in the style of service-oriented architecture (SOA) prioritizes loose coupling, encapsulation, interoperability, composition, and reuse. In recent years, microservices quickly gained in popularity as an agile, DevOps-focused, and decentralized service-oriented variant with fine-grained services. A key idea here is that small and loosely coupled services that are independently deployable should be easy to change and to replace. Moreover, one of the postulated microservices characteristics is evolutionary design. Problem Statement: While these properties provide a favorable theoretical basis for evolvable systems, they offer no concrete and universally applicable solutions. As with each architectural style, the implementation of a concrete microservice-based system can be of arbitrary quality. Several studies also report that software professionals trust in the foundational maintainability of service orientation and microservices in particular. A blind belief in these qualities without appropriate evolvability assurance can lead to violations of important principles and therefore negatively impact software evolution. In addition to this, very little scientific research has covered the areas of maintenance, evolution, or technical debt of microservices. Objectives: To address this, the aim of this research is to support developers of microservices with appropriate methods, techniques, and tools to evaluate or improve evolvability and to facilitate sustainable long-term development. In particular, we want to provide recommendations and tool support for metric-based as well as scenario-based evaluation. In the context of service-based evolvability, we furthermore want to analyze the effectiveness of patterns and collect relevant antipatterns. Methods: Using empirical methods, we analyzed the industry state of the practice and the academic state of the art, which helped us to identify existing techniques, challenges, and research gaps. Based on these findings, we then designed new evolvability assurance techniques and used additional empirical studies to demonstrate and evaluate their effectiveness. Applied empirical methods were for example surveys, interviews, (systematic) literature studies, or controlled experiments. Contributions: In addition to our analyses of industry practice and scientific literature, we provide contributions in three different areas. With respect to metric-based evolvability evaluation, we identified a set of structural metrics specifically designed for service orientation and analyzed their value for microservices. Subsequently, we designed tool-supported approaches to automatically gather a subset of these metrics from machine-readable RESTful API descriptions and via a distributed tracing mechanism at runtime. In the area of scenario-based evaluation, we developed a tool-supported lightweight method to analyze the evolvability of a service-based system based on hypothetical evolution scenarios. We evaluated the method with a survey (N=40) as well as hands-on interviews (N=7) and improved it further based on the findings. Lastly with respect to patterns and antipatterns, we collected a large set of service-based patterns and analyzed their applicability for microservices. From this initial catalogue, we synthesized a set of candidate evolvability patterns via the proxy of architectural modifiability tactics. The impact of four of these patterns on evolvability was then empirically tested in a controlled experiment (N=69) and with a metric-based analysis. The results suggest that the additional structural complexity introduced by the patterns as well as developers' pattern knowledge have an influence on their effectiveness. As a last contribution, we created a holistic collection of service-based antipatterns for both SOA and microservices and published it in a collaborative repository. Conclusion: Our contributions provide first foundations for a holistic view on the evolvability assurance of microservices and address several perspectives. Metric- and scenario-based evaluation as well as service-based antipatterns can be used to identify "hot spots" while service-based patterns can remediate them and provide means for systematic evolvability construction. All in all, researchers and practitioners in the field of microservices can use our artifacts to analyze and improve the evolvability of their systems as well as to gain a conceptual understanding of service-based evolvability assurance.}, language = {en} } @article{RudtAndreevaKrastevetal.2020, author = {Rudt, Alexander and Andreeva, Tonya and Krastev, Rumen and Taneva, Stefka}, title = {Composite polyelectrolyte multilayers for biofunctionalization of medical devices}, series = {Current directions in biomedical engineering}, volume = {6}, journal = {Current directions in biomedical engineering}, number = {3}, publisher = {de Gruyter}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {2364-5504}, doi = {10.1515/cdbme-2020-3110}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30258}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings (PEM) are prepared by alternative layer-by-layer deposition of cationic and anionic polyelectrolyte monolayers on charged surfaces. The thickness of the coatings ranges from nm to few μm. Their properties such as roughness, stiffness, surface charge and surface energy can be precisely tuned to fulfil different technical or biological requirements. The coating process is based on self-assembly of polyelectrolytes. Advantages of these coatings are their easy handling, no harsh chemistry and the possibility for coatings on complex geometries. The PEM coatings can be prepared from a variety of suitable polyelectrolytes. Their stability varies from very durable PEM coatings that are only soluble in strong solvents to quickly degradable, which may be applied as drug release system. One example of such a degradable PEM system is the one based on the polyelectrolyte pair Hyaluronan (HA) and Chitosan (CHI). These biopolymers originate from natural sources and show low toxicity towards human cells. However, HA/CHI multilayers show only weak adhesiveness for human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). In this article, we summarize our approaches to enhance the HA/CHI multilayer by incorporation of a non-polymer substance -graphene oxide- to improve the cell adhesion and keep such properties as low cytotoxicity and biodegradability. Different approaches for incorporation of graphene oxide were performed and the cellular adhesion was tested by metabolic assay.}, language = {en} } @article{RenCaoXuetal.2020, author = {Ren, Yanru and Cao, Hui and Xu, Haijun and Xiong, Xin and Krastev, Rumen and Liu, Luo}, title = {Improved aging properties of bio-bitumen coating sheets by using modified lignin}, series = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {274}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0301-4797}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111178}, pages = {1 -- 5}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Papermaking waste liquid (black liquor) is a serious source of water pollution worldwide. The subsequent treatment of it is very difficult cause it contains a large amount of lignin, inorganic salts, organic matter, and pigments, which lead to serious water pollution. Lignin is the main by-product of the paper industry and is the only natural aromatic recyclable resource. Its effective utilization rate is currently less than 3\%. Therefore, how to effectively recycle lignin in papermaking waste liquid and further synthesize industrialized products is of great significance to the sustainable development and environmental protection. Besides, based on the shortage of petroleum resources in recent years, the application of biomass resources instead of petroleum resources in the industry is also an important issue. In this article, we explored the best optimal conditions for the oxypropylation and esterification of lignin, and prepared bio-bitumen based on modified lignin, and then applied it to the waterproof coating sheets. FTIR and mechanical properties (softening point, low-temperature flexibility, peel strength, etc.) were tested on the obtained waterproof coating sheets. The results show that the addition of modified lignin reduced the softening point and peel strength of the coating sheets. Interestingly, both oxypropylated lignin (OL) and esterified lignin (OEL) were very beneficial to resist the decrease in peel strength during the aging process, showing a significant improvement in the performance of the coating sheets after aging compared to the control.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-3024, title = {Perceive (IT) : Informatics Inside, Fr{\"u}hling 2021 : Tagungsband}, editor = {Kloos, Uwe and Mart{\´i}nez Madrid, Natividad and Tullius, Gabriela}, publisher = {Hochschule Reutlingen}, address = {Reutlingen}, isbn = {978-3-00-068222-3}, doi = {10.34645/opus-3024}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30247}, pages = {117}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Der Masterstudiengang Human-Centered Computing der Hochschule Reutlingen ist gepr{\"a}gt durch die Zusammenarbeit von Mensch und Computer. Eine wichtige Rolle an der Schnittstelle spielt die Sensorik, die der diesj{\"a}hrigen Konferenz Informatics Inside das Motto „perceive(it)" verleiht. Dabei hebt das Wortspiel „it" f{\"u}r die Informationstechnologie und die englische {\"U}bersetzung des Personalpronomens „es" die Dualit{\"a}t der Wahrnehmung der Informationstechnologie durch den Menschen und der Realit{\"a}t durch den Computer hervor. Das Spannungsfeld zwischen k{\"u}nstlichen Sinneserweiterungen und der intelligenten Verarbeitung von Sensordaten erm{\"o}glicht unz{\"a}hlige Anwendungen f{\"u}r digitale Medien, virtuelle Welten, realit{\"a}tsnahe Simulationen, computergest{\"u}tzte Arbeitsprozesse sowie intelligente Assistenzsysteme in der Produktion, im Haushalt, in der Medizin und in der Mobilit{\"a}t. Meine Aufmerksamkeit gilt hierbei der praxisnahen Forschung als Motor f{\"u}r diesen technischen Fortschritt.}, language = {de} } @article{IyotaKrastev2020, author = {Iyota, Hidemi and Krastev, Rumen}, title = {Equilibrium thickness of foam films and adsorption of ions at surfaces: Water and aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide}, series = {Journal of colloid and interface science : JCIS}, volume = {565}, journal = {Journal of colloid and interface science : JCIS}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0021-9797}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcis.2019.12.042}, pages = {405 -- 415}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Hypothesis The origin of negative surface charge at water/air interface is still not clear. The most probable origin is specific adsorption of OH- ions. From diffuse layer potential, we can evaluate the surface density of ions in the Stern layer which can be a measure for the specific adsorption of ions and determines whether the surface charge is solely due to the specific adsorption of OH- ions. Experiments Equilibrium thickness of foam films of pure water and aqueous solutions of NaCl, HCl, and NaOH was measured as a function of disjoining pressure for water and as a function of concentration for the aqueous solutions at 298.15 K. Quartz-glass cells thoroughly cleaned and immersed in pure water before use were used for the measurement. Findings Application of a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation to the equilibrium film thickness gave the diffuse layer potential and the surface density of ions in the Stern layer. From the concentration dependence of the surface density, it was concluded that not only OH- ions but also Cl- ions and HCO3- and/or CO32- ions adsorb specifically at the water/air interface.}, language = {en} } @article{GaoGuoCaoetal.2020, author = {Gao, Miaomiao and Guo, Jia and Cao, Hui and Wang, Huqun and Xiong, Xin and Krastev, Rumen and Nie, Kaili and Xu, Haijun and Liu, Luo}, title = {Immobilized bacteria with pH-response hydrogel for self-healing of concrete}, series = {Journal of environmental management}, volume = {261}, journal = {Journal of environmental management}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0301-4797}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110225}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Concrete is significant for construction. A problem in application is the appearance of cracks that will damage its strength. An autogenous crack-healing mechanism based on bacteria receives increasing attention in recent years. The bacteria are able to form calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitations in suitable conditions to protect and reinforce the concrete. However, a large number of spores are crushed in aged specimens, resulting in a loss of viability. A new kind of hydrogel crosslinked by alginate, chitosan and calcium ions was introduced in this study. It was observed that the addition of chitosan improved the swelling properties of calcium alginate. Opposite pH response to calcium alginate was observed when the chitosan content in the solution reached 1.0\%. With an addition of 1.0\% chitosan in hydrogel beads, 10.28\% increase of compressive strength and 13.79\% increase of flexural strength to the control were observed. The results reveal self-healing properties of concretes. A healing crack of 4 cm length and 1 mm width was observed when using cement PO325, with the addition of bacterial spores (2.54-3.07 × 105/cm3 concrete) encapsulated by hydrogel containing no chitosan.}, language = {en} } @article{BarbeckKuehnelWitteetal.2020, author = {Barbeck, Mike and K{\"u}hnel, Lennart and Witte, Frank and Pissarek, Jens and Precht, Clarissa and Xiong, Xin and Krastev, Rumen and Wegner, Nils and Walther, Frank and Jung, Ole}, title = {Degradation, bone regeneration and tissue response of an innovative volume stable magnesium-supported GBR/GTR barrier membrane}, series = {International journal of molecular sciences}, volume = {21}, journal = {International journal of molecular sciences}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms21093098}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30199}, pages = {1 -- 22}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Introduction: Bioresorbable collagenous barrier membranes are used to prevent premature soft tissue ingrowth and to allow bone regeneration. For volume stable indications, only non-absorbable synthetic materials are available. This study investigates a new bioresorbable hydrofluoric acid (HF)-treated magnesium (Mg) mesh in a native collagen membrane for volume stable situations. Materials and Methods: HF-treated and untreated Mg were compared in direct and indirect cytocompatibility assays. In vivo, 18 New Zealand White Rabbits received each four 8 mm calvarial defects and were divided into four groups: (a) HF-treated Mg mesh/collagen membrane, (b) untreated Mg mesh/collagen membrane (c) collagen membrane and (d) sham operation. After 6, 12 and 18 weeks, Mg degradation and bone regeneration was measured using radiological and histological methods. Results: In vitro, HF-treated Mg showed higher cytocompatibility. Histopathologically, HF-Mg prevented gas cavities and was degraded by mononuclear cells via phagocytosis up to 12 weeks. Untreated Mg showed partially significant more gas cavities and a fibrous tissue reaction. Bone regeneration was not significantly different between all groups. Discussion and Conclusions: HF-Mg meshes embedded in native collagen membranes represent a volume stable and biocompatible alternative to the non-absorbable synthetic materials. HF-Mg shows less corrosion and is degraded by phagocytosis. However, the application of membranes did not result in higher bone regeneration.}, language = {en} } @article{AndreevaDerKelemenetal.2020, author = {Andreeva, Tonya and D{\´e}r, Andr{\´a}s and Kelemen, L{\´o}r{\´a}nd and Krastev, Rumen and Taneva, Stefka}, title = {Modulation of the internal structure and surface properties of natural and synthetic polymer matrices by graphene oxide doping}, series = {Polymers for advanced technologies}, volume = {31}, journal = {Polymers for advanced technologies}, number = {7}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {New York}, issn = {1042-7147}, doi = {10.1002/pat.4885}, pages = {1562 -- 1570}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Controlling the surface properties and structure of thin nanosized coatings is of primary importance in diverse engineering and medical applications. Here we report on how the nanostructure, growth mechanism, thickness, roughness, and hydrophilicity of nanocomposites composed of weak natural or strong synthetic polyelectrolytes (PE) can be tailored by graphene oxide (GO) doping. GO reverses the build-up mechanism affecting the internal structure and the hydrophilicity in a way depending on the type of the PE-matrix. The extent of GO-adsorption and its impact on the surface morphology was found to be independent on the type of the underlying PE-matrix. The nanostructure of the hybrid films is not significantly altered when a single surface-exposed GO-layer is deposited, while increasing the number of embedded GO-layers leads to pronounced surface heterogeneity. These results are expected to have valuable impact on the construction strategies of coatings with tunable surface properties.}, language = {en} } @article{RuossRebholzWeimeretal.2020, author = {Ruoß, Marc and Rebholz, Silas and Weimer, Marina and Grom-Baumgarten, Carl and Athanasopulu, Kiriaki and Kemkemer, Ralf and K{\"a}ß, Hanno and Ehnert, Sabrina and Nussler, Andreas}, title = {Development of scaffolds with adjusted stiffness for mimicking disease-related alterations of liver rigidity}, series = {Journal of functional biomaterials}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of functional biomaterials}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2079-4983}, doi = {10.3390/jfb11010017}, url = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-30134}, pages = {1 -- 19}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Drug-induced liver toxicity is one of the most common reasons for the failure of drugs in clinical trials and frequent withdrawal from the market. Reasons for such failures include the low predictive power of in vivo studies, that is mainly caused by metabolic differences between humans and animals, and intraspecific variances. In addition to factors such as age and genetic background, changes in drug metabolism can also be caused by disease-related changes in the liver. Such metabolic changes have also been observed in clinical settings, for example, in association with a change in liver stiffness, a major characteristic of an altered fibrotic liver. For mimicking these changes in an in vitro model, this study aimed to develop scaffolds that represent the rigidity of healthy and fibrotic liver tissue. We observed that liver cells plated on scaffolds representing the stiffness of healthy livers showed a higher metabolic activity compared to cells plated on stiffer scaffolds. Additionally, we detected a positive effect of a scaffold pre-coated with fetal calf serum (FCS)-containing media. This pre-incubation resulted in increased cell adherence during cell seeding onto the scaffolds. In summary, we developed a scaffold-based 3D model that mimics liver stiffness-dependent changes in drug metabolism that may more easily predict drug interaction in diseased livers.}, language = {en} }