@article{TextorDerksenBahnersetal.2019,
  author    = {Textor, Torsten and Derksen, Leonie and Bahners, Thomas and Gutmann, Jochen and Mayer-Gall, Thomas},
  title     = {Abrasion resistance of textiles : gaining insight into the damaging mechanisms of different test procedures},
  series = {Journal of engineered fibers and fabrics},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Journal of engineered fibers and fabrics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {London},
  address   = {SAGE Publications Ltd},
  issn      = {1558-9250},
  doi       = {10.1177/1558925019829481},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-20666},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Three established test methods employed for evaluating the abrasion or wear resistance of textile materials were compared to gain deeper insight into the specific damaging mechanisms to better understand a possible comparability of the results of the different tests. The knowledge of these mechanisms is necessary for a systematic development of finishing agents improving the wear resistance of textiles. Martindale, Schopper, and Einlehner tests were used to analyze two different fabrics made of natural (cotton) or synthetic (polyethylene terephthalate) fibers, respectively. Samples were investigated by digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to visualize the damage. Damage symptoms are compared and discussed with respect to differences in the damaging mechanisms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StraubeLindersMayerGalletal.2017,
  author    = {Straube, Thomas and Linders, J{\"u}rgen and Mayer-Gall, Thomas and Textor, Torsten and Mayer, Christian and Gutmann, Jochen},
  title     = {Polyol synthesized aluminum doped zinc oxide nanoparticles - influence of the hydration ratio on crystal growth, dopant incorporation and electrical properties},
  series = {Materials today : proceedings},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Materials today : proceedings},
  number    = {Suppl. 2},
  editor    = {Barcikowski, Stephan},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2214-7853},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.matpr.2017.09.196},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-15607},
  pages     = {S253 -- S262},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The wet chemical deposition of solution processed transparent conducting oxides (TCO) provides an alternative low cost and economical deposition technique to realize large-areas of conducting films. Since the price for the most common TCO Indium Tin Oxide rises enormously, Aluminum Zinc Oxide (AZO) as alternative TCO reaches more and more interest. The optoelectronical properties of nanoparticle coatings strongly depend beneath the porosity of the coating on the shape and size of the used particles. By using bigger or rod-shaped particles it is possible to minimize the amount of grain boundaries resulting in an improvement of the electrical properties, whereas particles bigger than 100 nm should not be used if highly transparent coatings are necessary as these big particles scatter the visible light and lower the transmittance of the coatings. In this work we present a simple method to synthesize AZO particles with different shape and size, but comparable electronical properties. We use a simple, well reproducible polyol method for synthesis and influence the shape and size of the particles by adding different amounts of water to the precursor solution. We can show that the addition of aluminum as dopant strongly hinders the crystal growth but the addition of water counteracts this, so that both, spherical and rod-shaped particles can be obtained.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LauStraubeAggarwaletal.2017,
  author    = {Lau, Marcus and Straube, Thomas and Aggarwal, Vikas and Hagemann, Ulrich and Oliveira Viestel, Bernardo de and Hartmann, Nils and Textor, Torsten and Lutz, Harald and Gutmann, Jochen and Barcikowski, Stephan},
  title     = {Gradual modification of ITO particle's crystal structure and optical properties by pulsed UV laser irradiation in a free liquid jet},
  series = {Dalton transactions - an international journal of inorganic chemistry},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Dalton transactions - an international journal of inorganic chemistry},
  number    = {18},
  publisher = {RSC},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1477-9226},
  doi       = {10.1039/C7DT00010C},
  pages     = {6039 -- 6048},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Indium tin oxide (ITO) particle coatings are known for high transparency in the visible, good conductive properties and near-infrared absorption. These properties depend on ITO particle's stiochiometric composition, defects and size. Here we present a method to gradually change ITO particle's optical properties by a simple and controlled laser irradiation process. The defined irradiation process and controlled energy dose input allows one to engineer the absorption and transsmission of coatings made from these particles. We investigate the role of the surrounding solvent, influence of laser fluence and the specific energy dose targeting modification of the ITO particle's morphology and chemistry by stepwise laser irradiation in a free liquid jet. TEM, SEM, EDX, XPS, XRD and Raman are used to elucidate the structural, morphological and chemical changes of the laser-induced ITO particles. On the basis of these results the observed modification of the optical properties is tentatively attributed to chemical changes, e.g. laser-induced defects or partial reduction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TextorDerksenGutmann2016,
  author    = {Textor, Torsten and Derksen, Leonie and Gutmann, Jochen},
  title     = {Employing ionic liquids to deposit cellulose on PET fibers},
  series = {Carbohydrate polymers},
  volume    = {146},
  journal   = {Carbohydrate polymers},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0144-8617},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.03.053},
  pages     = {139 -- 147},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Several ionic liquids are excellent solvents for cellulose. Starting from that finishing of PET fabrics with cellulose dissolved in ionic liquids like 1-ethyl 3-methyl imidazolium acetate, diethylphosphate and chloride, or the chloride of butyl-methyl imidazolium has been investigated. Finishing has been carried out from solutions of different concentrations, using microcrystalline cellulose or cotton and by employing different cross-linkers. Viscosity of solutions has been investigated for different ionic liquids,concentrations, cellulose sources, linkers and temperatures. Since ionic liquids exhibit no vapor pressure,simple pad-dry-cure processes are excluded. Before drying the ionic liquid has to be removed by a rinsing step. Accordingly rinsing with fresh ionic liquid followed by water or the direct rinsing with waterhave been tested. The amount of cellulose deposited has been investigated by gravimetry, zinc chlorideiodine test as well as reactive dyeing. Results concerning wettability, water up-take, surface resistance,wear-resistance or washing stability are presented.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{MayerGallTextorGutmannetal.2019,
  author    = {Mayer-Gall, Thomas and Textor, Torsten and Gutmann, Jochen and Weimann, Johannes and K{\"o}nig, Claudia and Schmidt, Frank and Hugo, Achim},
  title     = {Untersuchung der chemischen und thermischen Degradation von abreinigbaren Filtermedien und Verbesserung deren Best{\"a}ndigkeit durch Oberfl{\"a}chenmodifikation. - (DTNW-Mitteilung Nr. 112)},
  publisher = {Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West},
  address   = {Krefeld},
  doi       = {10.13140/RG.2.2.34496.79365},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-21999},
  pages     = {138},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Hauptziel des Projektes war zum einen die Entwicklung einer validen Testmethode auf Grundlage vorliegender Normen, welche die in der betrieblichen Praxis auftretende Degradation abreinigbarer Filtermedien (hohe Temperaturen, aggressive chemische Atmosph{\"a}ren) praxisnah abbilden kann. Die Methode sollte auch die mechanische Alterung der Medien durch Staubbeaufschlagung sowie Abreinigungs Druckst{\"o}ße ber{\"u}cksichtigen (DIN ISO 11057). Innerhalb des Projektes konnten umfangreiche Praxiserfahrungen mit der Inbetriebnahme und dem Betrieb einer schadgasbeaufschlagten, temperierbaren Testkammer zur chemischen Alterung von Filtermedien auf Grundlage der Vorgaben der DIN EN ISO 16891 gewonnen werden. Sollen vergleichbare Pr{\"u}fdaten f{\"u}r mehrere Proben verl{\"a}sslich ermittelt werden, sind bei den Untersuchungen demnach umfangreiche Randbedingungen zu beachten. Insbesondere zeigten die Untersuchungen den hohen technischen Aufwand zur Durchf{\"u}hrung der Filtertests auf, welche nicht zuletzt auch aufgrund der erforderlichen Sicherheitstechnik und langen Untersuchungsdauer eine Umsetzung insbesondere bei KMU aus wirtschaftlichen Gr{\"u}nden erschwert ist. Es konnte weiter dargestellt werden, dass die Kombination von chemisch-thermischer und mechanisch(-thermischer) Alterung durch den Einsatz verschiedener Pr{\"u}feinrichtungen grunds{\"a}tzlich umsetzbar ist. Die im Rahmen des Vorhabens entwickelte Testmethode einer chemischen Alterung der Filtermatrices durch Gasphasenexposition in einer Druckkammer erm{\"o}glicht k{\"u}rzere Beanspruchungszeitr{\"a}ume bei reduziertem zu behandelnden Schadgasanfall und kann damit den wirtschaftlichen Betrieb eines entsprechenden Pr{\"u}fstandes erm{\"o}glichen. Kombiniert mit der externen mechanischen Alterung durch Staubbeaufschlagung und M{\"o}glichkeit der parallelen Temperaturaufpr{\"a}gung gem. EN ISO 16891 auf mehrere Filtermedien-Proben l{\"a}sst sich das thermisch, chemisch und mechanisch induzierte Degradationsverhalten von Filtermedien ggf. realit{\"a}tsnah und mit wirtschaftlich vertretbarem Aufwand in eine Pr{\"u}fvorschrift {\"u}berf{\"u}hren. Entsprechende Validierungsarbeiten sind Bestandteil eines aktuell gestarteten Folgeprojektes. Das zweite Hauptziel des Projektes war es Ausr{\"u}stungen zu entwickeln, die zu einer verbesserten Best{\"a}ndigkeit gegen{\"u}ber aggressiven Komponenten f{\"u}hren. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass mit dem Sol-Gelverfahren mechanisch stabile Beschichtungen auf Faservlies dauerhaft aufgetragen werden konnten, welche insbesondere die chemisch induzierte Degradation von Aramiden reduzieren k{\"o}nnen. Bei Aramiden handelt es sich um relativ teure Hochleistungsmaterialien, von welchen bekannt ist, dass ihre Best{\"a}ndigkeit sowohl gegen {\"u}ber UV-Strahlung als auch unterschiedlichen Schadgasen gering ist. Daher stellen die Best{\"a}ndigkeit der Materialien verbessernde Ausr{\"u}stungen eine wichtige Entwicklung f{\"u}r Unternehmen dar, um auf diese Weise best{\"a}ndigere Aramid-basierte Produkte zu erhalten. Als besonders geeignet stellten sich dabei Fluorcarbonausr{\"u}stungen, organisch-anorganische Hybride auf Basis von GPTMS und Zirkonium-haltige Ausr{\"u}stungen heraus.},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{MayerGallTextorGutmann2017,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Mayer-Gall, Thomas and Textor, Torsten and Gutmann, Jochen},
  title     = {Entwicklung von Ausr{\"u}stungen zur Verbesserung der Scheuer- bzw. Abrasionsbest{\"a}ndigkeit von textilen Fl{\"a}chengebilden. - (DTNW-Mitteilung Nr. 108) - Forschungsvorhaben IGF-Nr. 18059 N der Forschungsvereinigung Forschungskuratorium Textil e.V., Reinhardtstr. 12-14, 10117 Berlin},
  publisher = {Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West},
  address   = {Krefeld},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:rt2-opus4-16055},
  pages     = {70},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes sollten die M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen des Einsatzes von Sol-Gel-Ausr{\"u}stung f{\"u}r die Verbesserung der Scheuer-/Abrasionsbest{\"a}ndigkeit f{\"u}r Gewebe aus unterschiedlichen Fasermaterialien untersucht werden. Dabei lag der Schwerpunkt auf Textilien f{\"u}r die Bereiche Bekleidung- /Berufsbekleidung sowie Bezugsstoffe (M{\"o}bel, Automotive, Personentransport).},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MayerGallGutmannTextor2018,
  author    = {Mayer-Gall, Thomas and Gutmann, Jochen and Textor, Torsten},
  title     = {Neues Auswertungsverfahren zur Beurteilung der Textilsch{\"a}digung beim Martindale-Flachscheuer-Verfahren},
  series = {Melliand-Textilberichte : European textile journal},
  volume    = {99},
  journal   = {Melliand-Textilberichte : European textile journal},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Deutscher Fachverlag, dfv Mediengruppe},
  address   = {Frankfurt am Main},
  issn      = {0341-0781},
  pages     = {37 -- 39},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Es wird eine M{\"o}glichkeit zur Quantifizierung der Sch{\"a}digung von Geweben bei der Martindale-Flachscheuerung vorgestellt, die eine interessante M{\"o}glichkeit darstellt, vergleichende Untersuchungen durchzuf{\"u}hren, auch wenn die Gewebe nicht bis zu einem Fadenbruch gescheuert werden. Die Untersuchungen deuten außerdem eine Skalierbarkeit der Scheuerversuche bei unterschiedlichen Anpressdr{\"u}cken an. Sollte sich diese Beobachtung in weiteren Untersuchungen best{\"a}tigen, w{\"u}rde dies eine grundlegende Vereinfachung der Scheuerpr{\"u}fung f{\"u}r verschiedene Anwendungen bedeuten.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MayerGallOpwisPhanetal.2018,
  author    = {Mayer-Gall, Thomas and Opwis, Klaus and Phan, Minh Hung and Ali, Wael and Textor, Torsten and Gutmann, Jochen},
  title     = {Neue Ans{\"a}tze zur halogenfreien und umweltfreundlichen Flammschutzausr{\"u}stung},
  series = {Textil plus : die Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r die textile Kette im deutschsprachigen Europa},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Textil plus : die Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r die textile Kette im deutschsprachigen Europa},
  number    = {03/04},
  publisher = {Verl. Textilplus AG},
  address   = {Einsiedeln},
  issn      = {2296-1208},
  pages     = {19 -- 22},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Im Zuge von REACH wurden g{\"a}ngige hocheffektive halogenierte Flammschutzmittel verboten, da diese unter dem Verdach stehen, kanzerogen, mutagen und teratogen zu sein. Zur Zeit fehlen entsprechende Alternativen. Daher werden am DTNW neue umweltfreundliche und halogenfreie Flammschutzmittel auf der Basis von Phosphor- und Stickstoffverbindungen entwickelt, um einen entsprechenden Flammschutz zu gew{\"a}hrleisten. Neue M{\"o}glichkeiten werden im Rahmen dieses Artikels vorgestellt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MayerGallGutmannTextor2018,
  author    = {Mayer-Gall, Thomas and Gutmann, Jochen and Textor, Torsten},
  title     = {New method for damage assessment in Martindale abrasion testing},
  series = {Melliand international : worldwide textile journal},
  journal   = {Melliand international : worldwide textile journal},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Deutscher Fachverlag GmbH, dfv Mediengruppe},
  address   = {Frankfurt am Main},
  issn      = {0947-9163},
  pages     = {36 -- 38},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Using the damage area as a quantification method for the Martindale test is a promising method to compare textile finishes without the need to test to full destruction. In addition, it could be shown that the results of Martindale tests performed with different pressure loads can be scaled to identical functional shape. If these results can be verified, this method would be a simplification of abrasive testing for different application areas.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KappesUrbainczykArtzetal.2016,
  author    = {Kappes, Ralf and Urbainczyk, Tobias and Artz, Ulrike and Textor, Torsten and Gutmann, Jochen},
  title     = {Flame retardants based on amino silanes and phenylphosphonic acid},
  series = {Polymer degradation and stability},
  volume    = {129},
  journal   = {Polymer degradation and stability},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0141-3910},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.04.012},
  pages     = {168 -- 179},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The sol-gel approach offers a new class of flame retardants with a high potential for textile applications. Pure inorganic sol-gel systems do, however, typically not provide an effect sufficient for a sel-fextinguishing behavior on its own. We therefore employed compounds with nitrogen and phosphorous containing groups. Especially the combination of compounds with both elements, using the synergism, is promising for the aim to find well-applicable, environmental friendly, halogen-free flame retardants. In our approach, the sol-gel network ensured on the one hand the link to the textile as nonflammable binder. On the other hand, the sol-gel-based networks modified with functional groups containing nitrogen groups provided flame retardancy. In this way, a flame retardant finishing for textiles could be obtained by simple finishing techniques as, e.g., padding. Besides a characterization with various flame tests (e.g., according to EN ISO 15025 e protective clothing), we used a combination of cone calorimetry, thermogravimetry coupled with infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning electron microscopy to analyze the mechanism of flame retardancy. Thus, we could show that the main mechanism is based on the formation of a protection layer. This work provides a model system for sol-gel-based flame retardants and has the potential to show the principle feasibility of the sol-gel approach in flame retardancy of textiles. It therefore lays the groundwork for tailoring sol-gel layers from newly synthesized sol-gel precursors containing nitrogen and phosphorous groups.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MayerGallGutmannTextoretal.2019,
  author    = {Mayer-Gall, Thomas and Gutmann, Jochen and Textor, Torsten and Hugo, Achim and Todt, Katharina and Schmidt, Frank and Weimann, Johannes and K{\"o}nig, Claudia},
  title     = {Cleanable bag filter : comparisons of different testing methods of ageing of filter materials},
  series = {Technical textiles : innovation, technology, application},
  volume    = {62},
  journal   = {Technical textiles : innovation, technology, application},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {IBP, Internat. Business Press Publ.},
  address   = {Frankfurt, M.},
  issn      = {0323-3243},
  pages     = {251 -- 253},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Cleanable bag filters are used to separate dust and other airborne particulate systems. Due to typical process conditions, they are subject to thermal, chemical and mechanical stress during use. The main objective of the IGF project no. 18307 "Investigation of the chemical and thermal degradation of cleanable filter media and improvement of their resistance by surface modification", was the development of a valid test method which can reproduce degradation caused by high temperatures and aggressive chemical atmospheres in a practice-oriented but time-saving manner. Within the IGF project, 2 accelerated ageing methods were applied, both of which have the decisive advantage of investigating damage in the gas phase. Many resistances of filter materials are otherwise carried out by immersing the materials in a mostly liquid damage medium at a defined temperature. These resistances are difficult to transfer ageing in the gas phase.},
  language  = {en}
}