Open Access

Sajjad TamimiORCiD, Arthur BernhardtORCiD, Ilia PetrovORCiD, Andreas KochORCiD

• Near-data processing (NDP) offers a promising approach to improve the performance of modern databases with hybrid workloads comprising long-running analytical and frequent short update transactions. This article introduces an end-to-end NDP-capable system that integrates a computational storage device (CSD) with a database capable of offloading queries to storage while handling concurrent queries on the host. A novel host–device protocol combines high-throughput Peripheral Component Interconnect Express Direct Memory Access (PCIe-DMA) with low-latency messaging via cache-coherent interconnects (CCIs) such as Compute Express Link (CXL) or Cache Coherent Interconnect for Accelerators (CCIX). The article presents two systems, DANSEN and CINDA, each featuring a custom embedded NDP engine. DANSEN offloads read-only queries while ensuring consistency with concurrent host updates. CINDA extends this capability to update queries through a low-latency synchronization mechanism and a CCI-enabled communication protocol.