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Quantifying flux residues after soldering on technical copper using ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis

  • Employing diffuse reflection ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy we developed an approach that is capable to quantitatively determine flux residues on a technical copper surface. The technical copper surface was soldered with a no-clean flux system of organic acids. By a post-solder cleaning step with different cleaning parameters, various levels of residues were produced. The surface was quantitatively and qualitatively characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and diffuse reflection UV–Vis spectroscopy. With the use of a multivariate analysis (MVA) we examined the UV–Vis data to create a correlation to the carbon content on the surface. The UV–Vis data could be discriminated for all groups by their level of organic residues. Combined with XPS the data were evaluated by a partial least squares (PLS) regression to establish a model. Based on this predictive model, the carbon content was calculated with an absolute error of 2.7 at.%. Due to the high correlation of predictive model, the easy-to-use measurement and the evaluation by multivariate analysis the developed method seems suitable for an online monitoring system. With this system, flux residues can be detected in a manufacturing cleaning process of technical surfaces after soldering.

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Metadaten
Author of HS ReutlingenEnglert, Tim; Stiedl, Jan; Rebner, Karsten
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2021.114367
ISSN:0026-2714
Erschienen in:Microelectronics reliability
Publisher:Elsevier
Place of publication:Amsterdam
Document Type:Journal article
Language:English
Publication year:2021
Tag:MVA; PLS; XPS; cleaning process; cleanliness; monitoring
Volume:125
Page Number:9
Article Number:114367
DDC classes:620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
Open access?:Nein
Licence (German):License Logo  In Copyright - Urheberrechtlich geschützt