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Das Projekt DigiTraIn 4.0 hat ein Beratungskonzept entwickelt und erprobt, das Unternehmen bei der erfolgreichen Digitalisierung ihrer Arbeitswelt unterstützt. Das Beratungskonzept basiert auf vier anwendungsorientierten Instrumenten: Der Digitalisierungsatlas bildet die Digitalisierung der Arbeitswelt in all ihren Dimensionen ab und ermöglicht es, die Notwendigkeit sowie Chancen und Risiken der Veränderungen zu verstehen. Hierauf aufbauend können Unternehmen mit dem Digitalisierungsindex ihren aktuellen Ist-Digitalisierungsgrad der Arbeitswelt individuell bestimmen. Der individuelle Digitalisierungsgrad dient als Ausgangspunkt für den Digitalisierungskompass, der es dem Unternehmen ermöglicht, die Soll-Vorstellung der digitalen Arbeitswelt zu illustrieren und eine unternehmensspezifische Transformationsagenda abzuleiten. Der Beratungsprozess und die Entwicklung der zentralen Instrumente werden in diesem Beitrag dargestellt.
Technologische, sozioökonomische und kulturelle Entwicklungen der letzten Jahrzehnte sowie zuletzt die Covid-19-Pandemie führten zu einer erhöhten Nachfrage nach flexiblen Arbeitsformen wie Homeoffice. In der Forschung wird danach gefragt, welche Faktoren die Umsetzung von flexiblen Arbeitsmodellen in Unternehmen beeinflussen und wie die Faktoren miteinander zusammenhängen. Bisher bietet die Forschung allerdings zu wenige Ansatzpunkte, um relevante Handlungsempfehlungen für eine erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Homeoffice für die Praxis abzuleiten. In dieser Fallstudie können auf organisationaler Ebene technologische, formelle und informelle Rahmenbedingungen, auf interaktionaler Ebene das Team und die Kommunikation sowie auf individueller Ebene Präferenzen, Kompetenzen und personenbezogene Rahmenbedingungen der Beschäftigten als relevante Einflussfaktoren identifiziert werden. Die Themenfelder sind eng miteinander verbunden, wobei sich vor allem stark vernetzte und einflussreiche Faktoren, wie formelle und technologische Rahmenbedingungen sowie Kommunikation, als Ansatzpunkte für die Gestaltung von Homeoffice eignen.
The article analyzes experimentally and theoretically the influence of microscope parameters on the pinhole-assisted Raman depth profiles in uniform and composite refractive media. The main objective is the reliable mapping of deep sample regions. The easiest to interpret results are found with low magnification, low aperture, and small pinholes. Here, the intensities and shapes of the Raman signals are independent of the location of the emitter relative to the sample surface. Theoretically, the results can be well described with a simple analytical equation containing the axial depth resolution of the microscope and the position of the emitter. The lower determinable object size is limited to 2–4 μm. If sub-micrometer resolution is desired, high magnification, mostly combined with high aperture, becomes necessary. The signal intensities and shapes depend now in refractive media on the position relative to the sample surface. This aspect is investigated on a number of uniform and stacked polymer layers, 2–160 μm thick, with the best available transparency. The experimental depth profiles are numerically fitted with excellent accuracy by inserting a Gaussian excitation beam of variable waist and fill fraction through the focusing lens area, and by treating the Raman emission with geometric optics as spontaneous isotropic process through the lens and the variable pinhole, respectively. The intersectional area of these two solid angles yields the leading factor in understanding confocal (pinhole-assisted) Raman depth profiles.
A hybrid deep registration of MR scans to interventional ultrasound for neurosurgical guidance
(2021)
Despite the recent advances in image-guided neurosurgery, reliable and accurate estimation of the brain shift still remains one of the key challenges. In this paper, we propose an automated multimodal deformable registration method using hybrid learning-based and classical approaches to improve neurosurgical procedures. Initially, the moving and fixed images are aligned using classical affine transformation (MINC toolkit), and then the result is provided to the convolutional neural network, which predicts the deformation field using backpropagation. Subsequently, the moving image is transformed using the resultant deformation into a moved image. Our model was evaluated on two publicly available datasets: the retrospective evaluation of cerebral tumors (RESECT) and brain images of tumors for evaluation (BITE). The mean target registration errors have been reduced from 5.35 ± 4.29 to 0.99 ± 0.22 mm in the RESECT and from 4.18 ± 1.91 to 1.68 ± 0.65 mm in the BITE. Experimental results showed that our method improved the state-of-the-art in terms of both accuracy and runtime speed (170 ms on average). Hence, the proposed method provides a fast runtime for 3D MRI to intra-operative US pair in a GPU-based implementation, which shows a promise for its applicability in assisting the neurosurgical procedures compensating for brain shift.
Purpose
Injury or inflammation of the middle ear often results in the persistent tympanic membrane (TM) perforations, leading to conductive hearing loss (HL). However, in some cases the magnitude of HL exceeds that attributable by the TM perforation alone. The aim of the study is to better understand the effects of location and size of TM perforations on the sound transmission properties of the middle ear.
Methods
The middle ear transfer functions (METF) of six human temporal bones (TB) were compared before and after perforating the TM at different locations (anterior or posterior lower quadrant) and to different degrees (1 mm, ¼ of the TM, ½ of the TM, and full ablation). The sound-induced velocity of the stapes footplate was measured using single-point laser-Doppler-vibrometry (LDV). The METF were correlated with a Finite Element (FE) model of the middle ear, in which similar alterations were simulated.
Results
The measured and calculated METF showed frequency and perforation size dependent losses at all perforation locations. Starting at low frequencies, the loss expanded to higher frequencies with increased perforation size. In direct comparison, posterior TM perforations affected the transmission properties to a larger degree than anterior perforations. The asymmetry of the TM causes the malleus-incus complex to rotate and results in larger deflections in the posterior TM quadrants than in the anterior TM quadrants. Simulations in the FE model with a sealed cavity show that small perforations lead to a decrease in TM rigidity and thus to an increase in oscillation amplitude of the TM mainly above 1 kHz.
Conclusion
Size and location of TM perforations have a characteristic influence on the METF. The correlation of the experimental LDV measurements with an FE model contributes to a better understanding of the pathologic mechanisms of middle-ear diseases. If small perforations with significant HL are observed in daily clinical practice, additional middle ear pathologies should be considered. Further investigations on the loss of TM pretension due to perforations may be informative.
Distributed ledger technologies such as the blockchain technology offer an innovative solution to increase visibility and security to reduce supply chain risks. This paper proposes a solution to increase the transparency and auditability of manufactured products in collaborative networks by adopting smart contract-based virtual identities. Compared with existing approaches, this extended smart contract-based solution offers manufacturing networks the possibility of involving privacy, content updating, and portability approaches to smart contracts. As a result, the solution is suitable for the dynamic administration of complex supply chains.
Dieser Beitrag entwickelt ein Managementmodell, das Unternehmen dabei unterstützt, relevante Aktionsfelder zur nachhaltigen Steuerung von Konsumenten entlang der eigenen Customer Journey zu identifizieren. Aufbauend auf dem SHIFT-Modell, als strukturelle Abbildung des nachhaltigen Käuferverhaltens, wird die Customer Journey entlang der owned, paid und earned Touchpoints aufgezogen. Mithilfe des faktisch analytischen Ansatzes, der die Integration neuer Erkenntnisse in die Forschungsstrategie unterstützt, werden Aktionsfelder identifiziert, die als grundlegende Logik Unternehmen dazu anleiten sollen, bei der Ausgestaltung der eigenen nachhaltigen Customer Journey dieses Strukturraster anzunehmen.
The main aim of presented in this manuscript research is to compare the results of objective and subjective measurement of sleep quality for older adults (65+) in the home environment. A total amount of 73 nights was evaluated in this study. Placing under the mattress device was used to obtain objective measurement data, and a common question on perceived sleep quality was asked to collect the subjective sleep quality level. The achieved results confirm the correlation between objective and subjective measurement of sleep quality with the average standard deviation equal to 2 of 10 possible quality points.
Projektmanagement
(2020)
Projektmanagement ist ein Werkzeug um singuläre Aufgaben interdisziplinär und unternehmensübergreifend strukturiert zu bearbeiten, die einmalig und extrem bedeutsam für das Unternehmen sind sowie nicht einfach in der bestehenden Linienorganisation bearbeitet werden können. Unter Projektmanagement versteht man ein Konzept für die Leitung eines komplexen Vorhabens und die Institution, die dieses Vorhaben leitet.
Public enterprises find themselves in increasingly competitive markets, a situation that makes having an entrepreneurial orientation (EO) an urgent need, given that EO is an indispensable driver of performance. Research describes politicians delaying the strategic change of public enterprises when serving as board members, but empirical evidence of the impact of board behavior on EO in public enterprises is lacking. We draw on stakeholder-agency theory (SAT) and resource dependence theory (RDT) and use structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate survey data collected from 110 German energy suppliers that are majority government owned. Results indicate that board strategy control and board networking do not seem to predict EO on first sight. Closer analysis reveals a board networking–EO relationship depending on ownership structure. Remarkably, we find that it is not the usually suspected local municipal owner who hinders EO in our sample organizations but minority shareholders engaging in board networking activities. The results shed light on the intersection of governance and entrepreneurship with special reference to the fine-grained conceptualization of RDT.