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Smart meter based business models for the electricity sector : a systematical literature research
(2017)
The Act on the Digitization of the Energy Transition forces German industries and households to introduce smart meters in order to save engery, to gain individual based electricity tariffs and to digitize the energy data flow. Smart meter can be regarded as the advancement of the traditional meter. Utilizing this new technology enables a wide range of innovative business models that provide additional value for the electricity suppliers as well as for their customers. In this study, we followed a two-step approach. At first, we provide a state-of-the-art comparison of these business models found in the literature and identify structural differences in the way they add value to the offered products and services. Secondly, the business models are grouped into categories with respect to customer segmetns and the added value to the smart grid. Findings indicate that most business models focus on the end-costumer as their main customer.
The shift of populations to cities is creating challenges in many respects, thus leading to increasing demand for smart solutions of urbanization problems. Smart city applications range from technical and social to economic and ecological. The main focus of this work is to provide a systematic literature review of smart city research to answer two main questions: (1) How is current research on smart cities structured? and (2) What directions are relevant for future research on smart cities? To answer these research questions, a text-mining approach is applied to a large number of publications. This provides an overview and gives insights into relevant dimensions of smart city research. Although the main dimensions of research are already described in the literature, an evaluation of the relevance of such dimensions is missing. Findings suggest that the dimensions of environment and governance are popular, while the dimension of economy has received only limited attention.
The shift of populations to cities is creating challenges in many respects, thus leading to increasing demand for smart solutions of urbanization problems. Smart city applications range from technical and social to economic and ecological. The main focus of this work is to provide a systematic literature review of smart city research to answer two main questions: (1) How is current research on smart cities structured? And (2) What directions are relevant for future research on smart cities? To answer these research questions, a text-mining approach is applied to a large number of publications. This provides an overview and gives insights into relevant dimensions of smart city research. Although the main dimensions of research are already described in the literature, an evaluation of the relevance of such dimensions is missing. Findings suggest that the dimensions of environment and governance are popular, while the dimension of economy has received only limited attention.
The increasing urban population growth leads to challenges in cities in many aspects: Urbanisation problems such as excessive environmental pollution or increasing urban traffic demand new and innovative solutions. In this context, the concept of smart cities is discussed. An enabling element of the smart city concept is applying information technology (IT) to improve administrative efficiency and quality of life while reducing costs and resource consumption and ensuring greater citizen participation in administrative and urban development issues. While these smart city services are technologically studied and implemented, government officials, citizens or businesses are often unaware of the large variety of smart city service solutions. Therefore, this work deals with developing a smart city services catalogue that documents best practice services to create a platform that brings citizens, city government, and businesses together. Although the concept of IT service catalogues is not new and guidelines and recommendations for the design and development of service catalogues already exist in the corporate context, there is little work on smart city service catalogues. Therefore, approaches from agile software development and pattern research were adapted to develop the smart city service catalogue platform in this work.
Smart cities are considered data factories that generate an enormous amount of data from various sources. In fact data is the backbone of any smart services. Therefore, the strategic beneficial handling of this digital capital is crucial for cities. Some smart city pioneers have already written down their approach to data in the form of data strategies, but what should a city's data strategy include, and how can the goals and measures defined in the strategies be operationalized? This paper addresses these questions by looking closely at the data strategies of cities in Germany and the top three countries in the EU Digital Economy and Society Index. The in-depth analysis of 8 city data strategies has yielded 11 dimensions that cities should consider in their data strategy. These are relevance of data, principles, methods, data sharing, technology, data culture, data ethics, organizational structure, data security and privacy, collaborations, data literacy. In addition, data governance is a concept to put these 11 strategic dimensions into practice through standardization measures, training programs, and defining roles and responsibilities by developing a data catalog.
The global demand for resources such as energy, land, or water is constantly increasing. It is therefore not sur- prising that research on the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus has become a scientific as well as a general focus in recent years. A significant increase in publications since 2015 can be observed, and it can be expected that this trend will continue. A multilevel (macro, meso, and micro) perspective is essential, as the FEW nexus has cross- sectoral interdependencies. Several review studies on the FEW nexus can be found in the literature, in general, it can be concluded that the FEW nexus is a multi-disciplinary and complex topic. The studies examined identify essential fields of action for research, policy, and society. However, questions such as what are the main research fields at each level? Is it possible to divide the research into specific clusters? and do the clusters correlate with the levels, and what are the methods of modeling used in the clusters and levels? are still not fully discussed in the literature. An extensive literature review was conducted to get insight into the existing research areas. Especially in such fields as the FEW nexus, the amount of literature can get huge, and a human could get lost analyzing the literature manually. For that, we created word clouds and performed a cluster- and network-analysis to support the selection of most relevant papers for a detailed reading. In 2021, the most publications were published, with 173 publications, which corresponds to a share of 26.6 %. There has been a significant increase since 2015, and it can be expected that this trend will continue in the coming years. Most of the first authors come from the USA (25.4 %), followed by China with 22.4 %. From the word cloud and the top 20 words, which appear in the title and abstract, it can be deduced that the topic water is the most represented. However, the terms system, resource, model, study, change, development, and management also appear to be very important, which indi- cates the importance of a holistic approach to the topic. In total 9 clusters could be identified at the different levels. It can be seen that three clusters form well. For the others, a rather diffuse picture can be observed. In order to find out which topics are hidden behind the individual clusters, 6 publications from each cluster were subjected to a more detailed examination. With these steps, a number of 54 publications were identified for de- tailed consideration. The modeling approaches that are currently being applied in research can be classified into domain-specific tools (e. g. global water models, crop models or global climate models) and into more general tools to perform for example a life cycle analysis, spatial analysis using geographic information system, or system dynamics for a general understanding of the links between the domains. With the domain-specific tools, detailed research questions can be addressed to answer questions for a specific domain. However, these tools have the disadvantage that especially the links between the sectors food, energy, and water are not fully considered. Many implementations that are made today are at lowest level (micro) relate to bounded spatial areas and are derived from macro and meso level goals.
Free-floating e-scooter sharing is an upcoming trend in mobility, which has been spreading since 2015 in various German cities. Unlike the more scientifically explorend car sharing, the usage patterns and behaviors of e-scooter sharing customers are yet to be analyzed. This presumably discovers better ways to attract customers as well as adaptions of the business model in order to increase scooter utilization and therefore the profit of the e-scooter providers. As most of the customer's journey, from registration to scooter reservation and the ride itself, is digitally traceable, large datasets are available allowing for understanding of customers' needs and motivations. Based on these datasets of an e-scooter provider operating in a big German city we propose a customer clustering that identifies four different customer segments, which enables multiple conclusions to be drawn for business development and improving the problem-solution fit of the e-scooter sharing model.
The energy turnaround, digitalization and decreasing revenues forces enterprises in the energy domain to develop new business models. Following a Design Science Research approach, we showed in two action research projects that businesses models in the energy domain result in complex ecosystems with multiple actors. Additionally, we identified that municipal utilities have problems with the systematic development of business models. In order to solve the problem, we captured together with the partners of the enterprises the requirements in a second phase. Further we developed a method which consist of the following components: Method for the creative development of a new business model in form of a Business Model Canvas (BMC). A mapping between the e3Value ontology and the BMC for modelling a business ecosystem. The Business Model Configurator (BMConfig) prototype for modelling and simulating the e3Value-Ontology. The Business model can be quantified and analyzed for its viability. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach in business model of a power community.
In a time of upheaval and digitalization, new business models for companies play an important role. Decentralized power generation and energy efficiency indicators to achieve climate goals and to reduce global warming are currently forcing energy companies to develop new business models. In recent years, many methods of business model development have been introduced to create new business ideas. But what are the obstacles in implementing these business models in the energy sector to develop new business opportunities? And what challenges do companies face in this respect? To answer this question, a systematic literature review was conducted in this paper. As a result, eight categories were identified which summarise the main barriers for the implementation of new business models in the energy domain.
The energy turnaround, digitalization and decreasing revenues forces enterprises in the energy domain to develop new business models. Business models for renewable energy are compound on different logic than business models for larger scale power plants. Following a design science research approach, we examined the business models of three enterprises in the energy domain in a first step. We identified that these business models result in complex ecosystems with multiple actors and difficult relationships between them. One cause is the fast changing and complicated state regulation in Germany. In order to solve the problem, we captured together with the partners of the enterprises the requirements in a second phase. Further we developed the prototype Business Model Configurator (BMConfig) based on the e3Value Ontology on the metamodelling platform ADOxx. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach in business model of energy efficiency service based on smart meter data.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a fundamental role in the economic system of the European Union: SMEs represent over 99 percent of all companies and provide two-thirds of the jobs in the private sector. Their innovativeness and economic success have significant influence on growth, jobs and prosperity in Europe.
Information technologies are regarded as key drivers of innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Modern information technologies (IT) offer SMEs today many opportunities to improve their competitiveness and market position. Thus, business processes can be designed efficiently, open up new market segments and strengthen the innovation capacity significantly. However, many SMEs still have difficulties in utilizing these new technologies efficiently in order to foster process and product innovation. This is partly due to the fact that many SMEs don’t use IT Service Management and waste resources in running basic IT-functions like the maintenance of printers, software or servers.
Information Technology Service Management (ITSM) is a discipline for managing IT systems centred on the customer’s perspective of IT’s contribution to the business. Thus, by strengthening the performance of SME’s IT departments, ITSM enables process innovation (e.g. eProcurement) and product innovations (e.g. client services) can be promoted. The EU-funded project "IT Service Management for small and medium-sized Enterprises of the Danube Region" (ITSM4SME) aims to make SMEs in the Danube Region aware of the potential of ITSM, to inspire SMEs about the use of information technology and to allow IT-enabled innovations. The aims of the project have been achieved inter alia through a simplified method for IT service management for small IT organisations, practical case studies, a "do-it-yourself" service management modelling tool, an eLearning portal and by training more than 300 participants from SMEs in pilot training courses in Bulgaria, Romania and Slovenia.
Das ZD.BB - Digitaler Hub für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen in der Region Stuttgart
(2020)
Die Digitale Transformation ist eines der meistdiskutierten Themen in der heutigen Geschäftswelt. Viele Unternehmen, vor allem kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU), tun sich schwer die Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung einzuschätzen. Mit all den Möglichkeiten und Chancen, welche die Digitalisierung birgt, droht Unternehmen, die sich vor den Entwicklungen verschließen, der Verlust ihrer Markt- und Wettbewerbsposition. Mit dem im Februar 2019 eröffneten Digital Hub ZD.BB (Zentrum Digitalisierung) besteht in der Region Stuttgart eine neue, zentrale Anlaufstelle für Fragen rund um das Thema Digitalisierung. Am ZD.BB erhalten kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) sowie Startups für ihre digitalen Transformationsprozesse eine kompetente Beratung und Betreuung. Sie geht von der Sensibilisierung über die Analyse bis zur Lösungsentwicklung für digitale Prozesse. Mithilfe einer digitalen Qualifizierungsoffensive und mittelstandsgerechten Methoden zur Geschäftsmodellentwicklung werden Unternehmen im ZD.BB umfassend bei ihren Digitalisierungsvorhaben unterstützt. Dazu werden in Innovationslaboren, in Coworking Spaces und bei Events unterschiedliche Kompetenzen, Disziplinen, Ideen, Technologien und Kreativität vernetzt und auf diese Weise digitale Innovationen hervorgebracht.
Big Data wird aktuell als einer der Haupttrends der IT-Industrie diskutiert. Big Data d. h. auf Basis großer Mengen unterschiedlich strukturierter Daten die Entscheidungen in Echtzeit oder prognostisch zu treffen. Von hochleistungsfähigen, schnell verfügbaren Prognoseverfahren erhofft man sich eine Risikominimierung für unternehmerische Entscheidungen in hochvolatilen Märkten.
War Anfang des Jahrtausends der Wertbeitrag der IT zum Unternehmenserfolg noch umstritten, so negieren diesen heute nur noch die wenigsten Geschäftsführer. Wie Wertschöpfung durch Alignment von Unternehmens- und IT-Strategie mittels passender IT-Architekturen erzeugt wird, scheint für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) verschiedenster Branchen noch immer mysteriös. Besonders fatal ist diese Lücke in den KMU der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft, die klassischen Industriesektoren als Innovationslieferanten dienen. An dieser Stelle setzt der vorliegende Bericht an. Er baut auf den Ergebnissen des Forschungsprojekts KonfIT-SSC auf, das in den vergangenen Jahren die Möglichkeit erforschte, mit Produktkonfiguratoren den „strategical fit“ zwischen Business und IT-Strukturen zu bewerkstelligen. Die zentrale Herausforderung bei diesem Vorhaben war es, Daten über Informationssystemstrukturen und die sie bestimmenden Ökosysteme so zu erheben, dass sie einer formalen Modellierung von Regelwerken und der Konfiguration von Geschäftsarchitekturen zugänglich werden. Der vorliegende Bericht liefert Antworten auf die Fragen, wie sich passende IT-Service Strategien für Unternehmen der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft erreichen lassen, welchen Beitrag Produktkonfiguratoren dabei liefern können und mit welchen Methoden sich Daten gewinnen lassen, um generische IT-Architekturen für KMU der Kreativbranche definieren zu können. Dabei werden im Verlauf neben den Antworten auf die wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen auch die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Schritte zur Lösung der Aufgabenstellung in Form eines handelsüblichen Konfigurators dokumentiert. Als Methoden im Rahmen des Vorgehens kommen dabei zur Datengewinnung ein klassischer Literature Review, eine Online-Befragung sowie fünf Fallstudien in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen der Werbebranche, aber auch Interviews mit Experten zum Einsatz. Bei der Analyse der Daten werden die Modellierung von Wertschöpfungsnetzen (e3value und i*), aber auch die Referenzmodellierung von Unternehmensarchitekturen verwendet. Abschließend wird das Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung der Konfigurationsmodelle (Regelwerke) und der Implementierung erläutert.
In various German cities free-floating e-scooter sharing is an upcoming trend in e-mobility. Trends such as climate change, urbanization, demographic change, amongst others are arising and forces the society to develop new mobility solutions. Contrasting the more scientifically explored car sharing, the usage patterns and behaviors of e-scooter sharing customers still need to be analyzed. This presumably enables a better addressing of customers as well as adaptions of the business model to increase scooter utilization and therefore the profit of the e-scooter providers. The customer journey is digitally traceable from registration to scooter reservation and the ride itself. These data enable to identifies customer needs and motivations. We analyzed a dataset from 2017 to 2019 of an e-scooter sharing provider operating in a big German city. Based on the datasets we propose a customer clustering that identifies three different customer segments, enabling to draw multiple conclusions for the business development and improving the problem-solution fit of the e-scooter sharing model.
46 Prozent der Arbeitsplätze in der Automobilindustrie sind bis 2030 durch Automatisierung und Digitalisierung bedroht – die Tätigkeiten werden dann nicht mehr von Menschen, sondern von intelligenten Robotern und Systemen erledigt. Das ist das zentrale Ergebnis unserer Studie „Digitale Transformation – Der Einfluss der Digitalisierung auf die Workforce in der Automobilindustrie“, die wir gemeinsam mit dem Herman Hollerith Lehr- und Forschungszentrum an der Hochschule Reutlingen erstellt haben.
With the Internet of Things being one of the most discussed trends in the computer world lately, many organizations find themselves struggling with the great paradigm shift and thus the implementation of IoT on a strategic level. The Ignite methodoogy as a part of the Enterprise-IoT project promises to support organizations with these strategic issues as it combines best practices with expert knowledge from diverse industries helping to create a better understanding of how to transform into an IoT driven business. A framework that is introduced within the context of IoT business model development is the Bosch IoT Business Model Builder. In this study the provided framework is compared to the Osterwalder Business Model Canvas and the St. Gallen Business Model Navigator, the most commonly used and referenced frameworks according to a quantitative literature analysis.
With the digital transformation being one of the most discussed topics in the business world today, many enterprises – especially small and medium sized ones – find themselves struggling with the understanding of new digital technologies and thus the potential benefits and risks for their companies. New technologies like the Internet of Things, Blockchain or Machine Learning have great potential for businesses. However, carefully evaluating and selecting purposeful technologies – aligned to the digital strategy – is the key to success. Technologies appear, change and also vanish so rapidly in the digital age, that a proper understanding is crucial for a sustainable technological foundation. Focusing on the characteristic features of technologies, the presented approach promises to create a better technological understanding for decision makers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in a playful manner: With a serious game that fosters insight and allays fears of digitalization.
The relevance of technology knowledge in digital transformation especially in small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) that are still largely dependent on physical human capital has become increasingly obvious. This is due to the rapid revolution in business environment coupled with increased living examples of firms disrupted by advancement in technological knowledge. Consequently, we find it progressively vital for SMEs to spot and mitigate both threats and take advantage of opportunities arising from digital transformation dynamism.
Our study aims at exploring the relevance of technology knowledge in SMEs for digital transformation to uncover the opportunities, roadmaps, and models that SMEs can take advantage of in the digital transformation and gain a competitive edge.
We conclude that irrespective relevance of technology knowledge for digital transformation coupled with its low costs and accessibility, SMEs are yet to realize the full potential of technological knowledge. This is mainly due to technologies appearing, changing and also vanishing so rapidly in the digital age, that gaining proper understanding without dedicated resources is utterly difficult for SMEs - making them less competitive as incumbent large firms in the market.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which play substantial role in the development of any economy have been on the rise in the recent periods. Consequently, these enterprises are faced with a myriad of challenges which could potentially be solved through adoption of technology. Nonetheless, it has been observed that the new technological uptake among SMEs remains limited with the majority of them opting to maintain the status quo with regards to technology awareness and innovation strategies.
In a literature review, this paper explores three major dynamics curtailing adoption of new technologies by SMEs in the manufacturing: Knowledge absorptive capacity and management factors, organisational structures as well as technological awareness. Firstly, with regards to knowledge absorptive capacity and management factors, this study shows how these factors drive innovation potentials in SMEs.
Secondly, with regards to technological awareness factors, this study documents how perceived usefulness, costs, network and infrastructure, education and skills, training and attitude as well as knowledge influence adoption of new technologies among SMEs in the world. Lastly, the study concludes by analysing how organisational structures drive innovation potentials of SMEs in the wake of swift and profound technological changes in the market.