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The book provides suggestions on how to start using bionic optimization methods, including pseudo-code examples of each of the important approaches and outlines of how to improve them. The most efficient methods for accelerating the studies are discussed. These include the selection of size and generations of a study’s parameters, modification of these driving parameters, switching to gradient methods when approaching local maxima, and the use of parallel working hardware.
Bionic optimization means finding the best solution to a problem using methods found in nature. As evolutionary strategies and particle swarm optimization seem to be the most important methods for structural optimization, we primarily focus on them. Other methods such as neural nets or ant colonies are more suited to control or process studies, so their basic ideas are outlined in order to motivate readers to start using them.
A set of sample applications shows how bionic optimization works in practice. From academic studies on simple frames made of rods to earthquake-resistant buildings, readers follow the lessons learned, difficulties encountered and effective strategies for overcoming them. For the problem of tuned mass dampers, which play an important role in dynamic control, changing the goal and restrictions paves the way for multi-objective-optimization. As most structural designers today use commercial software such as FE-Codes or CAE systems with integrated simulation modules, ways of integrating bionic optimization into these software packages are outlined and examples of typical systems and typical optimization approaches are presented.
The closing section focuses on an overview and outlook on reliable and robust as well as on multi-objective optimization, including discussions of current and upcoming research topics in the field concerning a unified theory for handling stochastic design processes.
This book presents emerging trends in the evolution of service-oriented and enterprise architectures. New architectures and methods of both business and IT are integrating services to support mobility systems, internet of things, ubiquitous computing, collaborative and adaptive business processes, big data, and cloud ecosystems. They inspire current and future digital strategies and create new opportunities for the digital transformation of next digital products and services. Services Oriented Architectures (SOA) and Enterprise Architectures (EA) have emerged as a useful framework for developing interoperable, large-scale systems, typically implementing various standards, like web services, REST, and microservices. Managing the adaptation and evolution of such systems presents a great challenge. Service-Oriented Architecture enables flexibility through loose coupling, both between the services themselves and between the IT organizations that manage them. Enterprises evolve continuously by transforming and extending their services, processes and information systems. Enterprise Architectures provide a holistic blueprint to help define the structure and operation of an organization with the goal of determining how an organization can most effectively achieve its objectives. The book proposes several approaches to address the challenges of the service-oriented evolution of digital enterprise and software architectures.
Information Systems in Distributed Environment (ISDE) is becoming a prominent standard in this globalization era due to advancement in information and communication technologies. The advent of the internet has supported Distributed Software Development (DSD) by introducing new concepts and opportunities, resulting in benefits such as scalability, flexibility, interdependence, reduced cost, resource pools, and usage tracking. The distributed development of information systems as well as their deployment and operation in distributed environments impose new challenges for software organizations and can lead to business advantages. In distributed environments, business units collaborate across time zones, organizational boundaries, work cultures and geographical distances, something that ultimately has led to an increasing diversification and growing complexity of cooperation among units. The real-world practice of developing, deployment and operation of information systems in globally distributed projects has been viewed from various perspectives, though technical and engineering in conjunction with managerial and organizational viewpoints have dominated the researcher’s attention so far. Successful participation in distributed environments, however, is ultimately a matter of the participants understanding and exploiting the particularities of their respective local contexts at specific points in time and exploring practical solutions through the local resources available.
This special issue of the Computer standards & interfaces journal therefore includes papers received from the public call for papers and extended and improved versions of those papers that were selected from the best of the International Workshop on Information Systems in Distributed Environment (ISDE 2014). It aims to serve as a forum to bring together academics, researchers, practitioners and students in the field of distributed information system, by presenting novel developments and lesson learned from real world cases, and to promote the exchange of ideas, discussion and advancement in these areas.
Managing software process evolution : traditional, agile and beyond - how to handle process change
(2016)
This book focuses on the design, development, management, governance and application of evolving software processes that are aligned with changing business objectives, such as expansion to new domains or shifting to global production. In the context of an evolving business world, it examines the complete software process lifecycle, from the initial definition of a product to its systematic improvement. In doing so, it addresses difficult problems, such as how to implement processes in highly regulated domains or where to find a suitable notation system for documenting processes, and provides essential insights and tips to help readers manage process evolutions. And last but not least, it provides a wealth of examples and cases on how to deal with software evolution in practice.
Reflecting these topics, the book is divided into three parts. Part 1 focuses on software business transformation and addresses the questions of which process(es) to use and adapt, and how to organize process improvement programs. Subsequently, Part 2 mainly addresses process modeling. Lastly, Part 3 collects concrete approaches, experiences, and recommendations that can help to improve software processes, with a particular focus on specific lifecycle phases.
This book is aimed at anyone interested in understanding and optimizing software development tasks at their organization. While the experiences and ideas presented will be useful for both those readers who are unfamiliar with software process improvement and want to get an overview of the different aspects of the topic, and for those who are experts with many years of experience, it particularly targets the needs of researchers and Ph.D. students in the area of software and systems engineering or information systems who study advanced topics concerning the organization and management of (software development) projects and process improvements projects.
The internationalisation of sports is clearly recognisable whenever athletes from different countries around the world compete with each other at the Olympic Games or various World Cups or World Championships. But internationalisation also takes place in the daily routine of top leagues such as the English Premier League or the NFL where teams are comprised of players from different national and cultural backgrounds. Not only is sports itself internationalised, but also the marketing of and with sports as the example of Lionel Messi – arguably the best football (or in order to avoid any misunderstandings: soccer) player of our time – shows. The Argentinean international plays for the Catalan club and Spanish champion FC Barcelona in US-American Nike-shirts (with Qatar Airways on the front and the logo of UNICEF at the back) and advertises privately for the German sporting-goods manufacturer adidas as well as Turkish Airlines. Sports marketing is as international as sports itself. However, the status quo and developmental stage of sports marketing differs from country to country, region to region and continent to continent. For example, the sports marketing approaches in Europe and the USA differ significantly in view of different league systems (open vs. closed system) and therefore different circumstances. German basketball clubs, for example, not only have sponsors on their shirts but also in their club names – whereas clubs (or better: franchises) of the NBA present themselves nearly ad-free. To gain a better understanding of the status quo of sports marketing in the various regions of this world is the main aim of this book and the very reason why it has been written.