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- vwh (1)
- Österreichischer Verband der Wirtschaftsingenieure (1)
AUDI AG has historically focused on producing and selling premium vehicles but has begun to experiment with providing mobility services, built around car sharing. Its response to the so-called sharing economy addressed strategic and transformational challenges. Strategically, the company pursued additional sources of revenue from targeted, premium mobility services, rather than the less segmented services provided by competitors such as BMW and Zipcar. AUDI AG also transformed its organizational structure, processes and architecture to balance autonomy for innovation and integration for competitiveness.
Using measurement and simulation for understanding distributed development processes in the Cloud
(2017)
Organizations increasingly develop software in a distributed manner. The Cloud provides an environment to create and maintain software-based products and services. Currently, it is widely unknown which software processes are suited for Cloud-based development and what their effects in specific contexts are. This paper presents a process simulation to study distributed development in the Cloud. We contribute a simulation model, which helps analyzing different project parameters and their impact on projects carried out in the Cloud. The simulator helps reproducing activities, developers, issues and events in the project, and it generates statistics, e.g., on throughput, total time, and lead and cycle time. The aim of this simulation model is thus to analyze the tradeoffs regarding throughput, total time, project size, and team size. Furthermore, the modified simulation model aims to help project managers select the most suitable planning alternative. Based on observed projects in Finland and Spain, we simulated a distributed project using artificial and real data. Particularly, we studied the variables project size, team size, throughput, and total project duration. A comparison of the real project data with the results obtained from the simulation shows the simulation producing results close to the real data, and we could successfully replicate a distributed software project. By improving the understanding of distributed development processes, our simulation model thus supports project managers in their decision-making.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung (100) und ein Verfahren zum elektrischen Verbinden und Trennen zweier elektrischer Potentiale (1, 2). Des Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Verwendung der Vorrichtung (100). Dabei umfasst die Vorrichtung (100): – ein erstes Modul, welches einen ersten und einen zweiten Transistor (10a, 10b) umfasst, wobei der erste Transistor (10a) antiseriell zu dem zweiten Transistor (10b) geschaltet ist; und – ein zweites Modul, welches einen dritten und einen vierten Transistor (10c, 10d) umfasst, wobei der dritte Transistor (10c) antiseriell zu dem vierten Transistor (10d) geschaltet ist; wobei das erste Modul und das zweite Modul parallel geschaltet sind.
Decreasing batch sizes in production in line with Industrie 4.0 will lead to tremendous changes of the control of logistic processes in future production systems. Intelligent bins are crucial enablers to establish decentrally controlled material flow systems in value chain networks as well as at the intralogistics level. These intelligent bins have to be integrated into an overall decentralized monitoring and control approach and have to interact with humans and other entities just like other cyber-physical systems (CPS) within the cyber-physical production system (CPPS). To realize a decentralized material supply following the overall aim of a decentralized control of all production and logistics processes, an intelligent bin system is currently developed at the ESB Logistics Learning Factory. This intelligent bin system will be integrated into the self developed, cloud-based and event-oriented SES system (so-called “Self Execution System”) which goes beyond the common functionalities and capabilities of traditional manufacturing execution systems (MES).
To ensure a holistic integration of the intelligent bin for different material types into the SES framework, the required hard- and software components for the decentrally controlled bin system will be split into a common and an adaptable component. The common component represents the localization and network layer which is common for every bin, whereas the flexible component will be customizable to different requirements, like to the specific characteristics of the parts.
This paper introduces a novel placement methodology for a common-centroid (CC) pattern generator. It can be applied to various integrated circuit (IC) elements, such as transistors, capacitors, diodes, and resistors. The proposed method consists of a constructive algorithm which generates an initial, close to the optimum, solution, and an iterative algorithm which is used subsequently, if the output of constructive algorithm does not satisfy the desired criteria. The outcome of this work is an automatic CC placement algorithm for IC element arrays. Additionally, the paper presents a method for the CC arrangement evaluation. It allows for evaluating the quality of an array, and a comparison of different placement methods.
A new method for the analysis of movement dependent parasitics in full custom designed MEMS sensors
(2017)
Due to the lack of sophisticated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) component libraries, highly optimized MEMS sensors are currently designed using a polygon driven design flow. The strength of this design flow is the accurate mechanical simulation of the polygons by finite element (FE) modal analysis. The result of the FE-modal analysis is included in the system model together with the data of the (mechanical) static electrostatic analysis. However, the system model lacks the dynamic parasitic electrostatic effects, arising from the electric coupling between the wiring and the moving structures. In order to include these effects in the system model, we present a method which enables the quasi dynamic parasitic extraction with respect to in-plane movements of the sensor structures. The method is embedded in the polygon driven MEMS design flow using standard EDA tools. In order to take the influences of the fabrication process into account, such as etching process variations, the method combines the FE-modal analysis and the fabrication process simulation data. This enables the analysis of dynamic changing electrostatic parasitic effects with respect to movements of the mechanical structures. Additionally, the result can be included into the system model allowing the simulation of positive feedback of the electrostatic parasitic effects to the mechanical structures.
We present a new methodology for automatic selection and sizing of analog circuits demonstrated on the OTA circuit class. The methodology consists of two steps: a generic topology selection method supported by a “part-sizing” process and subsequent final sizing. The circuit topologies provided by a reuse library are classified in a topology tree. The appropriate topology is selected by traversing the topology tree starting at the root node. The decision at each node is gained from the result of the part-sizing, which is in fact a node-specific set of simulations. The final sizing is a simulation-based optimization. We significantly reduce the overall simulation effort compared to a classical simulation-based optimization by combining the topology selection with the part-sizing process in the selection loop. The result is an interactive user friendly system, which eases the analog designer’s work significantly when compared to typical industrial practice in analog circuit design. The topology selection method and sizing process are implemented as a tool into a typical analog design environment. The design productivity improvement achievable by our method is shown by a comparison to other design automation approaches.
Layout generators, commonly denoted as PCells (parameterized cells), play an important role in the layout design of analog ICs (integrated circuits). PCells can automatically create parts of a layout, whose properties are controlled by the PCell parameters. Any layout, whether hand-crafted or automatically generated, has to be verified against design rules using a DRC (design rule check) in order to assure proper functionality and producibility. Due to the growing complexity of today’s PCells it would be beneficial if a PCell itself could be ensured to produce DRC clean layouts for any allowed parameter values, i.e. a formal verification of the PCell’s code rather than checking all possible instances of the PCell. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of such a formal PCell verification for a simple NMOS transistor PCell. The set from which the parameter values can be chosen was found during the verification process.
The success of an autonomous robotic system is influenced by several interdependent factors not easily identifiable. This paper is set to lay the foundation of a new integrated approach in order to deeply examine all the parameters and understand their contribution to success. After introducing the problem, two cutting edge autonomous systems for the process of unloading of containers will be presented. Then the STIC analysis, a recently developed method for modelling and interpreting all the parameters, will be introduced. The preliminary results of applying such a methodology to a first study case, based on one of the two systems available to the authors, will be shortly presented. Future research is in the end recommended in order to prove that this methodology is the only way to efficiently and effectively mitigate the risk that stops potential users from investing in autonomous systems in the logistics sector.
Im Februar 2011 wurden die Autoren von der Metropolitan School Frankfurt eingeladen, in einer vierstündigen Unterrichtseinheit die Grundlagen von systemischem Denken und System Dynamics einer vierten Klasse mit Kindern im Alter von 9 und 10 Jahren zu vermitteln. Inhaltlicher Themenschwerpunkt sollten Ökosysteme sein, die im Curriculum eine mehrwöchige Fokuslehreinheit bilden. Als Ergebnis eines Austauschs mit dem Klassenlehrer wurde der Fokus auf zwei Handlungsstränge gelegt: Räuber-Beute-Systeme sind für Viertklässler inhaltlich interessant und fügen sich passsend in die Unterrichtseinheit der Jahrgangstufe ein. Als weiteres, komplexeres Themengebiet wurd der Klimawandel gewählt. Beide Themen haben den gewünschten inhaltlichen Bezug zum Schwerpunkt "Ökosysteme".