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Determination of the gel point of formaldehyde-based wood adhesives by using a multiwave technique
(2023)
Determining the instant of gelation of formaldehyde-based wood adhesives as an assessment parameter for their curing rate is important for optimizing the curing behavior. Due to the stoichiometrically imbalanced networks of formaldehyde-based adhesives, the crossover point of storage G′ and loss modulus G″ cannot unconditionally be assumed as the gel point in oscillatory time sweeps as the material response is frequency-dependent. This study aims to determine the gel point of selected adhesives by the isothermal multiwave oscillatory shear test. A thorough comparison between the gel and the crossover point of G′ and G″ is performed. Rheokinetic analysis showed no significant difference between the activation energies calculated at the gel point determined by a multiwave test and the crossover point obtained by the time sweep test. Hence, for resins with similar curing reactions, a reliable determination of gel point by applying a multiwave test is needed for a comparison of their reactivity.
Determination of accelerometer sensor position for respiration rate detection: initial research
(2022)
Continuous monitoring of a patient's vital signs is essential in many chronic illnesses. The respiratory rate (RR) is one of the vital signs indicating breathing diseases. This article proposes the initial investigation for determining the accelerometric sensor position of a non-invasive and unobtrusive respiratory rate monitoring system. This research aims to determine the sensor position in relation to the patient, which can provide the most accurate values of the mentioned physiological parameter. In order to achieve the result, the particular system setup, including a mechanical sensor holder construction was used. The breathing signals from 5 participants were analyzed corresponding to the relaxed state. The main criterion for selecting a suitable sensor position was each patient's average acceleration amplitude excursion, which corresponds to the respiratory signal. As a result, we provided one more defined important parameter for the considered system, which was not determined before.
A lens-based Raman spectrometer is characterized by studying the optical elements in the optical path and we study the measure of aberration–diffraction effects. This is achieved by measuring the spectral resolution (SR) thus encompassing almost all optical elements of a spectrometer that are mostly responsible for such effects. An equation for SR is used to determine the quality factor Q which measures aberration/diffraction effects occurring in a spectrometer. We show how the quality factor changes with different spectrometer parameters such as grating groove density, the wavelength of excitation, pinhole width, charge-coupled device (CCD) pixel density, etc. This work provides an insight into the quality of a spectrometer and helps to monitor the performance of the spectrometer over a certain period. Commercially available spectrometers or home-built spectrometers are prone to misalignment in optical elements and can benefit from this work that allows maintaining the overall quality of the setup. Performing such experiments over a period helps to minimize the aberration/ diffraction effects occurring as a result of time and maintaining the quality of measurements.
Determinants of customer recovery in retail banking - lessons from a German banking case study
(2023)
Due to the increased willingness of retail banking customers to switch and churn their banking relationships, a question arises: Is it possible to win back lost customers, and if so, is such a possibility even desirable after all economic factors have been considered? To answer these questions, this paper examines selected determinants for the recovery of terminated customer–bank relationships from the perspective of former customers. This study therefore evaluates for the first time, empirically and systematically with reference to a German Sparkasse as a case-study setting, whether lost customers have a sufficient general willingness to return (GWR) a retail banking relationship. From our results, a correlation is shown between the GWR a banking relationship and some specific determinants: seeking variety, attractiveness of alternatives and customer satisfaction with the former business relationship. In addition, we show that a customer’s GWR varies depending on the reason for churn and is surprisingly greater when the customer defected for reasons that lie within the scope of the customer himself. Despite the case-study character, however, our results provide relevant insights for other banks and, in particular, this applies to countries with a comparable banking system.
Omnichannel retailing and sustainability are two important challenges for the fast fashion industry. However, the sustainable behavior of fast fashion consumers in an omnichannel environment has not received much attention from researchers. This paper aims to examine the factors that determine consumers’ willingness to participate in fast fashion brands’ used clothes recycling plans in an omnichannel retail environment. In particular, we examine the impact of individual consumer characteristics (environmental attitudes, consumer satisfaction), organizational arrangements constitutive for omnichannel retailing (channel integration), and their interplay (brand identification, impulsive consumption). A conceptual model was developed based on findings from previous research and tested on data that were collected online from Chinese fast fashion consumers. Findings suggest that consumers’ intentions for clothes recycling are mainly determined by individual factors, such as environmental attitudes and consumer satisfaction. Organizational arrangements (perceived channel integration) showed smaller effects. This study contributes to the literature on omnichannel (clothing) retail, as well as on sustainability in the clothing industry, by elucidating individual and organizational determinants of consumers’ recycling intentions for used clothes in an omnichannel environment. It helps retailers to organize used clothes recycling plans in an omnichannel environment and to motivate consumers to participate in them.
The proposed approach applies current unsupervised clustering approaches in a different dynamic manner. Instead of taking all the data as input and finding clusters among them, the given approach clusters Holter ECG data (longterm electrocardiography data from a holter monitor) on a given interval which enables a dynamic clustering approach (DCA). Therefore advanced clustering techniques based on the well known Dynamic TimeWarping algorithm are used. Having clusters e.g. on a daily basis, clusters can be compared by defining cluster shape properties. Doing this gives a measure for variation in unsupervised cluster shapes and may reveal unknown changes in healthiness. Embedding this approach into wearable devices offers advantages over the current techniques. On the one hand users get feedback if their ECG data characteristic changes unforeseeable over time which makes early detection possible. On the other hand cluster properties like biggest or smallest cluster may help a doctor in making diagnoses or observing several patients. Further, on found clusters known processing techniques like stress detection or arrhythmia classification may be applied.
Uncontrolled movements of laparoscopic instruments can lead to inadvertent injury of adjacent structures. The risk becomes evident when the dissecting instrument is located outside the field of view of the laparoscopic camera. Technical solutions to ensure patient safety are appreciated. The present work evaluated the feasibility of an automated binary classification of laparoscopic image data using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to determine whether the dissecting instrument is located within the laparoscopic image section. A unique record of images was generated from six laparoscopic cholecystectomies in a surgical training environment to configure and train The CNN. By using a temporary version of the neural network, the annotation of the training image files could be automated and accelerated. A combination of oversampling and selective data augmentation was used to enlarge the fully labelled image data set and prevent loss of accuracy due to imbalanced class volumes. Subsequently the same approach was applied to the comprehensive, fully annotated Cholec80 database. The described process led to the generation of extensive and balanced training image data sets. The performance of the CNN-based binary classifiers was evaluated on separate test records from both databases. On our recorded data, an accuracy of 0.88 with regard to the safety-relevant classification was achieved. The subsequent evaluation on the Cholec80 data set yielded an accuracy of 0.84. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of a binary classification of laparoscopic image data for the detection of adverse events in a surgical training environment using a specifically configured CNN architecture.
Detecting the adherence of driving rules in an energy-efficient, safe and adaptive driving system
(2016)
An adaptive and rule-based driving system is being developed that tries to improve the driving behavior in terms of the energy-efficiency and safety by giving recommendations. Therefore, the driving system has to monitor the adherence of driving rules by matching the rules to the driving behavior. However, existing rule matching algorithms are not sufficient, as the data within a driving system is changing frequently. In this paper a rule matching algorithm is introduced that is able to handle frequently changing data within the context of the driving system. 15 journeys were used to evaluate the performance of the rule matching algorithms. The results showed that the introduced algorithm outperforms existing algorithms in the context of the driving system. Thus, the introduced algorithm is suited for matching frequently changing data against rules with a higher performance, why it will be used in the driving system for the detection of broken energy-efficiency of safety-relevant driving rules.
We present an approach for segmenting individual cells and lamellipodia in epithelial cell clusters using fully convolutional neural networks. The method will set the basis for measuring cell cluster dynamics and expansion to improve the investigation of collective cell migration phenomena. The fully learning-based front-end avoids classical feature engineering, yet the network architecture needs to be designed carefully. Our network predicts how likely each pixel belongs to one of the classes and, thus, is able to segment the image. Besides characterizing segmentation performance, we discuss how the network will be further employed.
Some widely used optical measurement systems require a scan in wavelength or in one spatial dimension to measure the topography in all three dimensions. Novel hyperspectral sensors based on an extended Bayer pattern have a high potential to solve this issue as they can measure three dimensions in a single shot. This paper presents a detailed examination of a hyperspectral sensor including a description of the measurement setup. The evaluated sensor (Ximea MQ022HG-IM-SM5X5-NIR) offers 25 channels based on Fabry–Pérot filters. The setup illuminates the sensor with discrete wavelengths under a specified angle of incidence. This allows characterization of the spatial and angular response of every channel of each macropixel of the tested sensor on the illumination. The results of the characterization form the basis for a spectral reconstruction of the signal, which is essential to obtain an accurate spectral image. It turned out that irregularities of the signal response for the individual filters are present across the whole sensor.