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Um sich in einem schnelllebigen und globalen Markt nachhaltig wettbewerbsfähig aufzustellen, bedarf es innovativer Ansätze, Produkte sichtbar zu machen. Vorreiter wie Apple oder Microsoft stehen mit ihren Marketingstrategien und der Präsentation ihrer Produkte für eine neue Denkweise. Doch wie kann ein klein- oder mittelständiges Unternehmen (KMU) mit solchen Strategien konkurrieren und sich und die eigenen Produkte am Markt erfolgreich platzieren? Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, wie ein Markteinführungskonzept mithilfe des Design-Thinking-Ansatzes auf Basis der Kundenbedürfnisse modular und skalierbar ausgestaltet werden kann, um auf die jeweiligen Anforderungen des einzuführenden Produktes adaptierbar zu sein.
Intraoperative imaging can assist neurosurgeons to define brain tumours and other surrounding brain structures. Interventional ultrasound (iUS) is a convenient modality with fast scan times. However, iUS data may suffer from noise and artefacts which limit their interpretation during brain surgery. In this work, we use two deep learning networks, namely UNet and TransUNet, to make automatic and accurate segmentation of the brain tumour in iUS data. Experiments were conducted on a dataset of 27 iUS volumes. The outcomes show that using a transformer with UNet is advantageous providing an efficient segmentation modelling long-range dependencies between each iUS image. In particular, the enhanced TransUNet was able to predict cavity segmentation in iUS data with an inference rate of more than 125 FPS. These promising results suggest that deep learning networks can be successfully deployed to assist neurosurgeons in the operating room.
With the progress of technology in modern hospitals, an intelligent perioperative situation recognition will gain more relevance due to its potential to substantially improve surgical workflows by providing situation knowledge in real-time. Such knowledge can be extracted from image data by machine learning techniques but poses a privacy threat to the staff’s and patients’ personal data. De-identification is a possible solution for removing visual sensitive information. In this work, we developed a YOLO v3 based prototype to detect sensitive areas in the image in real-time. These are then deidentified using common image obfuscation techniques. Our approach shows that it is principle suitable for de-identifying sensitive data in OR images and contributes to a privacyrespectful way of processing in the context of situation recognition in the OR.
Ultra wideband real-time locating system for tracking people and devices in the operating room
(2022)
Position tracking within the OR could be one possible input for intraoperative situation recognition. Our approach demonstrates a Real-time Locating System (RTLS) using the Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology to determine the position of people or objects. The UWB RTLS was integrated into the research OR at Reutlingen University and the system’s settings were optimized regarding the four factors accuracy, susceptibility to interference, range, and latency. Therefore, different parameters were adapted and the effects on the factors were compared. Goodtracking quality could be achieved under optimal settings. These results indicate that a UWB RTLS is well suited to determine the position of people and devices in our setting. The feasibility of the system needsto be evaluated under real OR conditions.
The paper describes how eye-tracking can be used to explore electronic patient records (EPR) in a sterile environment. As an information display, we used a system that we developed for the presentation of patient data and for supporting surgical hand disinfection. The eye-tracking was performed using the Tobii Eye Tracker 4C, and the connection between the eye-tracker and the HTML website was realized using the Tobii EyeX Chrome Extension. Interactions with the EPR are triggered by fixations of icons. The interaction was working as intended, but test persons reported a high mental load while using the system.
Hearing contact lens (HCL) is a new type of hearing aid devices. One of its main components is a piezo-electric actuator (PEA). In order to evaluate and maximizethe HCL´s performance, a model of the HCL coupled to the middle ear was developed using finite element (FE)approach. To validate the model, vibrational measurements on the HCL and temporal bones were performed using a Laser-Doppler-Vibrometer (LDV). The model was validated step by step starting with HCL only. Then a silicone cap was fitted onto the HCL to provide an interface between the HCL and the tympanic membrane. The HCL was placed on the tympanic membrane and additional measurements were performed to validate the coupled model. The model was used to evaluate the sensitivity of geometrical and material parameters with respect to performance measures of the HCL. Moreover, deeper insight was gained into the feedback behavior, which causes whistling sounds, and the contact between the HCL and tympanic membrane.
Focal adhesion clusters (FAC) are dynamic and complex structures that help cells to sense physicochemical properties of their environment. Research in biomaterials, cell adhesion or cell migration often involves the visualization of FAC by fluorescence staining and microscopy, which necessitates quantitative analysis of FAC and other cell features in microscopy images using image processing. Fluorescence microscopy images of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) obtained at 63x magnification were quantitatively analysed using ImageJ software. A generalised algorithm for selective segmentation and morphological analysis of FAC, nucleus and cell morphology is implemented. Further, a method for discrimination of FACnear the nucleus and around the periphery is implemented using masks. Our algorithm is able to effectively quantify different morphological characteristics of cell components and shows a high sensitivity and specificity while providing a modular software implementation.
Soft lithography, a tool widely applied in biology and life sciences with numerous applications, uses the soft molding of photolithography-generated master structures by polymers. The central part of a photolithography set-up is a mask-aligner mostly based on a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet (UV) light source. This type of light source requires a high level of maintenance and shows a decreasing intensity over its lifetime, influencing the lithography outcome. In this paper, we present a low-cost, bench-top photolithography tool based on ninety-eight 375 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs). With approx. 10 W, our presented lithography set-up requires only a fraction of the energy of a conventional lamp, the LEDs have a guaranteed lifetime of 1000 h, which becomes noticeable by at least 2.5 to 15 times more exposure cycles compared to a standard light source and with costs less than 850 C it is very affordable. Such a set-up is not only attractive to small academic and industrial fabrication facilities who want to enable work with the technology of photolithography and cannot afford a conventional set-up, but also microfluidic teaching laboratories and microfluidic research and development laboratories, in general, could benefit from this cost-effective alternative. With our self-built photolithography system, we were able to produce structures from 6 μm to 50 μm in height and 10 μm to 200 μm in width. As an optional feature, we present a scaled-down laminar flow hood to enable a dust-free working environment for the photolithography process.
Autonomisierung von Shopfloor Management : Der Weg vom analogen zum autonomen Shopfloor Management
(2021)
Neue Technologien der Digitalisierung, Vernetzung und künstlichen Intelligenz werden zunehmend auch im Shopfloor Management (SFM) Einzug halten. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt in vier Stufen, wie sich das klassische SFM über das digitale SFM hin zu einem smarten und autonomen SFM entwickeln könnte. Darauf aufbauend wird diskutiert, welche Auswirkungen der Einsatz dieser neuen Technologien auf die operative Gestaltung der Durchführung eines SFM hätte und welche Konsequenzen somit auf Mitarbeiter und Führungskräfte zukommen würden.*)
Aufgrund der zunehmenden Individualisierung von Produkten mit hoher Variantenvielfalt stellt die aktive Integration von intelligenten Produkten in die Prozesssteuerung eine hilfreiche Möglichkeit zur Nutzung von Flexibilisierungs- und Rationalisierungspotenzialen in der Fertigung dar. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode zur Analyse und Bewertung der Einsatzpotenziale von Produktklassen mit unterschiedlichen Fähigkeiten vorgestellt und anhand eines praktischen Anwendungsfall evaluiert.