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Business Process Management (BPM) ist aufgrund seiner Bedeutung für prozessorientierte Unternehmen und den daraus resultierenden Anforderungen hinsichtlich interner Betriebsorganisation und Audits, ein zentraler Bestandteil. Die Einführung und Aufrechterhaltung von BPM stellt jedoch einen erheblichen Aufwand dar, da Prozesse aufgenommen, modelliert und aktuell gehalten werden müssen. Empirische Belege zeigen, dass erfolgreiche Prozessmodellierung dabei eine besondere Herausforderung darstellt, welche häufig nicht zufriedenstellend nachhaltig gelingt. Ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor für die nachhaltige Prozessorientierung in Unternehmen ist somit die konsistente und aktuelle Prozessmodellierung, sowie deren Adaption an externe und interne Veränderungen. Mittels einer Literaturrecherche werden die relevanten Dimensionen zur nachhaltigen Prozessorientierung auf Grundlage der Prozessmodellierung ermittelt. Auf deren Basis wird ein adaptives handlungsorientiertes Framework für die praktische Anwendung in Unternehmen abgeleitet.
Mit zunehmender Dynamik im Forschungsumfeld – Digitalisierung der Produktentwicklung – steigen neben der Komplexität auch die technischen Anforderungen an die künftigen Entscheidungsprozesse. Die Einführung von neuen IT-Systemen zur Automation von Entscheidungen haben Anpassungen in den derzeitigen Geschäftsprozessen der Unternehmen zur Folge. Für eine erfolgreiche Implementierung neuer IT-Informationstools gilt es im Voraus mögliche Auswirkungen auf die bisherigen Anwendersysteme genauer zu untersuchen. Neue Technologien, KI-Informationssysteme oder auch neues Wissen entstehen in der Wissenschaft oft durch Interpretation und Synthese von bestehendem Wissen. Aus diesem Grund nimmt die Qualität von Literaturanalysen eine immer größere Relevanz in der Ingenieur- und Informatikwissenschaft ein. Neben der Anzahl an Publikationen wächst auch der Aufwand für die strukturierte Literaturrecherche (SLA). Die Autoren stellen in diesem Paper den Rechercheprozess und die Ergebnisse einer SLA vor. Mit dieser Arbeit soll der derzeitige Forschungsstand zur Entscheidungsunterstützung in der Produktentwicklung von Klein- und mittelständischen Unternehmen sowie Großunternehmen in der
Automobilbranche ermittelt und nach Analyse sowie Bewertung mögliche Forschungslücken zu automatisierten Entscheidungsunterstützungssystemen (aEUS) aufgezeigt werden.
Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) are increasingly used in modern education to automatically give students individual feedback on their performance. The advantage for students is fast individual feedback on their answers to asked questions, while lecturers benefit from considerable time savings and easy delivery of educational material. Of course, it is important that the provided feedback is as effective as direct feedback from the lecturer. However, in digital teaching, lecturers cannot assess the student’s knowledge precisely but can only provide information on which questions were answered correctly and incorrectly. Therefore, this paper presents a concept for integrating ITS elements into the gamified e-learning platform IT-REX so that the feedback quality can be improved to support students in the best possible way.
There is a growing consensus in research and practice that value-creating networks and ecosystems are supplementing the traditional distinction between the internal firm and market perspectives. To achieve joint value in ecosystems, it is crucial to align the various interests of independently acting ecosystem actors and create a common vision. In this paper, we argue that the ecosystem-wide use of product roadmaps may help with this. To get a better understanding of how roadmapping is conducted in the dynamic ecosystem environment, we systematize the main characteristics of product roadmaps and perform a conceptual comparison with the known challenges of ecosystem management. Comparing the two concepts of ecosystems and product roadmaps, we highlight the fit between the characteristics and objectives of the roadmaps and the challenges of ecosystem management. Hence, we propose to experiment with the ecosystem-wide use of product roadmaps as well as the empirical study of the challenges emerging in the process and the associated redesign of the roadmaps.
Um den Übergang von der Schule zur Hochschule zu erleichtern, brauchen Studierende technischer Fächer häufig eine Auffrischung ihrer Kenntnisse in Mathematik und Physik. Ein Online-Lernsystem für Physik kann Studierende bei der Beschäftigung mit physikalischen Inhalten unterstützen. Zudem kann ein Physik-Wissenstest Lücken im individuellen Wissensstand aufzeigen und zum Lernen der fehlenden Themen motivieren. Die Arbeitsgruppe "eLearning in der Physik" der Hochschulföderation Süd-West (HfSW) bestehend aus den baden-württembergischen Hochschulen Aalen, Esslingen, Heilbronn, Mannheim und Reutlingen hat einen Aufgabenpool von über 200 Physikaufgaben für Erstsemester erarbeitet. Sie stehen den Studierenden mit Lösungen in Lernmanagementsystemen zum Selbststudium und jetzt auch im "Zentralen Open Educational Resources Repositorium der Hochschulen in Baden-Württemberg" (ZOERR) zur Verfügung. In diesem Beitrag wird über den Einsatz der Online-Übungsaufgaben in 2020/2021 berichtet, über die Ergebnisse der Wissenstests und über die in der Corona-Zeit neu eingerichteten eTutorien.
Context: Organizations are increasingly challenged by dynamic and technical market environments. Traditional product roadmapping practices such as detailed and fixed long-term planning typically fail in such environments. Therefore, companies are actively seeking ways to improve their product roadmapping approach.
Goal: This paper aims at identifying problems and challenges with respect to product roadmapping. In addition, it aims at understanding how companies succeed in improving their roadmapping practices in their respective company contexts.
Method: We conducted semi-structured expert interviews with 15 experts from 13 German companies and conducted athematic data analysis.
Results: The analysis showed that a significant number of companies is still struggling with traditional feature-based product-roadmapping and opinion-based prioritization of features. The most promising areas for improvement are stating the outcomes a company is trying to achieve and making them part of the roadmap, sharing or co-developing the roadmap with stakeholders, and establishing discovery activities.
The emergence of agile methods and practices has not only changed the development processes but might also have affected how companies conduct software process improvement (SPI). Through a set of complementary studies, we aim to understand how SPI has changed in times of agile software development. Specifically, we aim (1) to identify and characterize the set of publications that connect elements of agility to SPI, (2) to explore to which extent agile methods/practices have been used in the context of SPI, and (3) to understand whether the topics addressed in the literature are relevant and useful for industry professionals. To study these questions, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the literature identified in a previous mapping study, an interview study, and an analysis of the responses given by industry professionals to SPI-related questions stemming from an independently conducted survey study.
Selecting a suitable development method for a specific project context is one of the most challenging activities in process design. To extend the so far statistical construction of hybrid development methods, we analyze 829 data points to investigate which context factors influence the choice of methods or practices. Using exploratory factor analysis, we derive five base clusters consisting of up to 10 methods. Logistic regression analysis then reveals which context factors have an influence on the integration of methods from these clusters in the development process. Our results indicate that only a few context factors including project/product size and target application domain significantly influence the choice. This summary refers to the paper “Determining Context Factors for Hybrid Development Methods with Trained Models”. This paper was published in the proceedings of the International Conference on Software and System Process in 2020.
Regardless of company size or industry sector, a majority of project teams and companies use customized processes that combine different development methods-so-called hybrid development methods. Even though such hybrid development methods are highly individualized, a common understanding of how to systematically construct synergetic practices is missing. Based on 1,467 data points from a large-scale online survey among practitioners, we study the current state of practice in process use to answer the question: What are hybrid development methods made of? Our findings reveal that only eight methods and few practices build the core of modern software development. This small set allows for statistically constructing hybrid development methods.
JumpAR kombiniert die Welt der Augmented Reality (AR) mit dem weltbekannten Jump ’n’ Run Genre in einem Mobile Game. Der Spieler kreiert einen individuellen Spielparcours in seiner realen Umgebung und navigiert seine Spielfigur auf virtuellen Plattformen durch diesen. Der mit Unity entwickelte JumpAR Prototyp wurde nach Umsetzungen der Grundfunktionen und Mechaniken im Rahmen eines Nutzertests analysiert. Die Integration von echten Gegenständen aus dem Umfeld des Spielers führt im Spielfluss zu einer starken Verknüpfung der virtuellen und realen Welt, was eine neue AR-Interaktionsform für Handyspiele darstellt.
Systemische Betrachtung des therapeutischen Roboters Paro im Vergleich zu dem Haustierroboter AIBO
(2020)
Roboter sind in der heutigen Zeit nicht nur in der Industrie zu finden, sondern werden immer häufiger in privaten Lebensbereichen eingesetzt. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist der soziale Therapie-Roboter Paro. Dieser ist dem Verhalten und Aussehen einer jungen Robbe nachempfunden, drückt Gefühle aus und wird besonders in Pflegeheimen eingesetzt. Dabei zeigt er positive Auswirkungen auf das Wohlbefinden pflegebedürftiger Menschen. Diese Arbeit stellt den Roboter Paro in einer systemischen Analyse dar: hierbei werden Systemkontext, Anwendungsfälle, Anforderungen und Struktur betrachtet. Anschließend erfolgt eine Analyse des Haustierroboters AIBO, welcher einem Welpen ähnelt und verstärkt der Unterhaltung von Privatpersonen dient. Es werden Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den Systemen herausgearbeitet. Dabei wird ersichtlich, dass beide Systeme dem Nutzer vorrangig Gesellschaft leisten, jedoch verschiedene Anforderungen besitzen und in unterschiedlichen Anwendungsdomänen eingesetzt werden. Zudem besitzt AIBO vielfältigere Fähigkeiten und einen höheren Bewegungsgrad als Paro. Dies spiegelt sich in einer komplexeren Struktur der Hardware wider.
In diesem Beitrag wird ein neuer Ansatz vorgestellt, welcher eine schwerkraftreduzierte Navigation innerhalb einer VR-Umgebung erlaubt, wie beispielsweise ein simulierter Mondspaziergang. Zur Navigation in der VR-Umgebung wird der Cyberith Virtualizer ein-gesetzt. Die Schwerkraftsimulation erfolgt mittels eines einstellbaren Gurtsystems, das anelastischen Seilen aufgehängt wird und abgestufte Schwerkraftkompensationen erlaubt. Als Umgebung wurde ein Raumschiffszenario sowie eine Mondoberfläche generiert. Hier sind in der aktuellen Anwendung einfache Interaktionen möglich. In Anlehnung an existierende Gravity Offload Systeme wird die Lösung ViRGOS bezeichnet. ViRGOS wurde bereits bei verschiedenen Besuchsterminen und Hochschulevents eingesetzt, so dass erste Rückmeldungen von Nutzern eingeholt werden konnten.
The need for creating digitally enhanced products, services, and experiences as well as the emergence of new or modified business models has a significant impact on the automotive domain. Innovative solutions and new topics such as Smart Mobility or Connectivity require current automotive development processes to undergo major changes. They need to be redesigned in a way that it is possible to learn and adapt continuously at a fast pace. Agile methods are promising approaches to address these new challenges. However, agile methods are not tailored to the specific characteristics of the automotive domain such as software product line (SPLs) development. Although, there have been efforts to apply agile methods in the automotive domain, widespread adoptions have not yet taken place.
Software engineering education is supposed to provide students with industry-relevant knowledge and skills. Educators must address issues beyond exercises and theories that can be directly rehearsed in small settings. A way to experience such effects and to increase the relevance of software engineering education is to apply empirical studies in teaching. In our article, we show how different types of empirical studies can be used for educational purposes in software engineering. We give examples illustrating how to utilize empirical studies, discuss challenges, and derive an initial guideline that supports teachers to include empirical studies in software engineering courses.
Software and system development faces numerous challenges of rapidly changing markets. To address such challenges, companies and projects design and adopt specific development approaches by combining well-structured methods and flexible agile practices. Yet, the number of methods and practices is large and the actual process composition is often carried out in an ad-hoc manner. This paper reports on a survey on hybrid software development approaches. We study which approaches are used in practice, how different approaches are combined, and what contextual factors influence the use and combination of hybrid software development approaches.
Due to rapidly changing technologies and business contexts, many products and services are developed under high uncertainties. It is often impossible to predict customer behaviors and outcomes upfront. Therefore, product and service developers must continuously find out what customers want, requiring a more experimental mode of management and appropriate support for continuously conducting experiments. We have analytically derived an initial model for continuous experimentation from prior work and matched it against empirical case study findings from two startup companies. We examined the preconditions for setting up an experimentation system for continuous customer experiments. The resulting RIGHT model for Continuous Experimentation (Rapid Iterative value creation Gained through High-frequency Testing) illustrates the building blocks required for such a system and the necessary infrastructure. The major findings are that a suitable experimentation system requires the ability to design, manage, and conduct experiments, create so-called minimum viable products or features, link experiment results with a product roadmap, and manage a flexible business strategy. The main challenges are proper, rapid design of experiments, advanced instrumentation of software to collect, analyse, and store relevant data, and integration of experiment results in the product development cycle, software development process, and business strategy. This summary refers to the article The RIGHT Model for Continuous Experimentation, published in the Journal of Systems and Software [Fa17].
The ability to develop and deploy high-quality software at a high speed gets increasing relevance for the comptetitiveness of car manufacturers. Agile practices have shown benefits such as faster time to market in several application domains. Therefore, it seems to be promising to carefully adopt agile practices also in the automotive domain. This article presents findings from an interview-based qualitative survey. It aims at understanding perceived forces that support agile adoption. Particularly, it focuses on embedded software development for electronic control units in the automotive domain.
In this paper we build on our research in data management on native Flash storage. In particular we demonstrate the advantages of intelligent data placement strategies. To effectively manage phsical Flash space and organize the data on it, we utilize novel storage structures such as regions and groups. These are coupled to common DBMS logical structures, thus require no extra overhead for the DBA. The experimental results indicate an improvement of up to 2x, which doubles the longevity of Flash SSD. During the demonstration the audience can experience the advantages of the proposed approach on real Flash hardware.
Digitization will require companies to fundamentally reengineer their sales processes. Adapting the concept of value selling to the digital age will enable them to deliver superior value to their customers. Specifically, social selling will provide them with an answer to the ever-increasing complexity of customer journeys. This article, based on a survey among 235 German companies, assesses the status quo and outlines opportunities. Moreover, it introduces a novel approach for developing well-grounded social selling metrics.
In an exploratory study about online communication of large and medium-sized B2B companies from the German state of Baden-Württemberg, their message content communicated via websites, and their websites' appeal for international prospects has been analyzed. It revealed many basic content items absent, making the site less attractive for further exploration, and difficult or international prospects to enter into a dialog, become leads, and possible customers. The subsequent survey elicited organizational backgrounds, available resources, and objectives for online communication. It could trace deficiencies back to a lack of understanding of the importance of digital communication for lead generation, and the customer journey in general, absence of a communication strategy, lack of urgency, and lack of resources to implement desired changes and additions to communication content.