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Der Girlboss Mythos : die gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Perspektiven der Gender-Debatte
(2019)
Faktisch sind Frauen heute gleichberechtigt. Sie haben die gleichen Chancen, Rechte und Möglichkeiten wie Männer. Dennoch weisen maßgebliche Studien darauf hin, dass die Anzahl von Frauen auf allen Führungsebenen stagniert oder nur im Schneckentempo wächst. In der medialen Diskussion rund um das Thema Frauen im Management ist die Welt auf den ersten Blick in zwei Lager geteilt. Ein Lager stellt ernüchtert fest, dass Frauen selbst Schuld sind an ihrer Situation. Oft werden hier gerade erfolgreiche Frauen zitiert, die ihren Geschlechtsgenossinnen den nötigen Erfolgswillen oder die Opferbereitschaft absprechen. Das andere Lager scheint die Sachlage genau entgegengesetzt zu beurteilen. Überall gut ausgebildete, hochmotivierte Frauen, die an Glasdecken stoßen oder denen von der Gesellschaft im Allgemeinen und Männern im Besonderen die Türen versperrt werden. Dieses Buch trägt zu einer wissenschaftlich nüchternen Diskussion bei, um die aktuelle gesellschaftspolitische Situation differenzierter und abseits von abgegriffenen Dogmen zu betrachten.
Die meisten Innovationsprojekte in Unternehmen scheitern nicht am Mangel an Ideen, Kreativität oder am Umsetzungswillen, sondern an vielen kleinen Hürden, die die Projekte massiv entschleunigen. So verlieren Initiativen an der Dynamik, die dafür sorgt, dass sich zügig Erfolge einstellen. Ein Bereich, in dem unkonventionell, agil und schnell Ergebnisse erzielt werden, ist das Guerilla Marketing. Was können Innovations-, Forschungs- und Projektleiter aus dem Methodenbaukasten lernen? Wie können konkrete Taktiken aus dem Marketing auch Innovationsprojekten zu mehr Viralität und Schwung verhelfen, um die Eigendynamik der Initiativen „unbremsbar“ zu machen? Das erfahren Sie in diesem essential.
Due to the consequential impact of technological breakdowns, companies have to be prepared to deal with breakdowns or even better prevent them. In today's information technology, several methods and tools exist to downscale this concern. Therefore, this paper deals with the initial determination of a resilient enterprise architecture supporting predictive maintenance in the information technology domain and furthermore, concerns several mechanisms on how to reactively and proactively secure the state of resiliency on several abstraction levels. The objective of this paper is to give an overview on existing mechanisms for resiliency and to describe the foundation of an optimized approach, combining infrastructure and process mining techniques.
Gamification is one of the recognized methods of motivating people in various life processes, and it has spread to many spheres of life, including healthcare. This article proposes a system design for long-term care patients using the method mentioned. The proposed system aims to increase patient engagement in the treatment and rehabilitation process via gamification. Literature research on available and earlier proposed systems was conducted to develop a suited system design. The primary target group includes bedridden patients and a sedentary lifestyle (predominantly lying in bed). One of the main criteria for selecting a suitable option was its contactless realization for the mentioned target groups in long-term care cases. As a result, we developed the system design for hardware and software that could prevent bedsores and other health problems from occurring because of low activity. The proposed design can be tested in hospitals, nursing homes, and rehabilitation centers.
The digital transformation is today’s dominant business transformation having a strong influence on how digital services and products are designed in a service-dominant way. A popular underlying theory of value creation and economic exchange that is known as the service-dominant (S-D) logic can be connected to many successful digital business models. However, S-D logic by itself is abstract. Companies cannot directly use it as an instrument for business model innovation and design in an easy way. To address this a comprehensive ideation method based on S-D logic is proposed, called service-dominant design (SDD). SDD is aimed at supporting firms in the transition to a service- and value-oriented perspective. The method provides a simplified way to structure the ideation process based on four model components. Each component consists of practical implications, auxiliary questions and visualization techniques that were derived from a literature review, a use case evaluation of digital mobility and a focus group discussion. SDD represents a first step of having a toolset that can support established companies in the process of service- and value-orientation as part of their digital transformation efforts.
Autonomous navigation is one of the main areas of research in mobile robots and intelligent connected vehicles. In this context, we are interested in presenting a general view on robotics, the progress of research, and advanced methods related to this field to improve autonomous robots’ localization. We seek to evaluate algorithms and techniques that give robots the ability to move safely and autonomously in a complex and dynamic environment. Under these constraints, we focused our work in the paper on a specific problem: to evaluate a simple, fast and light SLAM algorithm that can minimize localization errors. We presented and validated a FastSLAM 2.0 system combining scan matching and loop closure detection. To allow the robot to perceive the environment and detect objects, we have studied one of the best deep learning technique using convolutional neural networks (CNN). We validate our testing using the YOLOv3 algorithm.
Power line communications (PLC) reuse the existing power-grid infrastructure for the transmission of data signals. As power line the communication technology does not require a dedicated network setup, it can be used to connect a multitude of sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Those IoT devices could be deployed in homes, streets, or industrial environments for sensing and to control related applications. The key challenge faced by future IoT-oriented narrowband PLC networks is to provide a high quality of service (QoS). In fact, the power line channel has been traditionally considered too hostile. Combined with the fact that spectrum is a scarce resource and interference from other users, this requirement calls for means to increase spectral efficiency radically and to improve link reliability. However, the research activities carried out in the last decade have shown that it is a suitable technology for a large number of applications. Motivated by the relevant impact of PLC on IoT, this paper proposed a cooperative spectrum allocation in IoT-oriented narrowband PLC networks using an iterative water-filling algorithm.
An autonomous vehicle is a robotic vehicle with decision and action capability capable of performing assigned tasks without or with minimal human intervention. Autonomous cars have been in development for many years. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International) published in 2014 a classification in five levels of driving automation, with level 0 corresponding to completely manual driving, and level 5 to an ideal dream where the vehicle would be able to navigate entirely autonomously for all missions and in all environments. This work addressed the navigation of an autonomous vehicle in general. We focus on one of the most complex scenarios of the road network and crossing of road intersections. In this paper, the critical features of autonomous intelligent vehicles are reviewed. Furthermore, the associated problems are presented, and the most advanced solutions are derived. This article aims to allow a novice in this field to understand the different facets of localization and perception problems for autonomous vehicles.
Rotating machinery occupies a predominant place in many industrial applications. However, rotating machines are often encountered with severe vibration problems. The measurement of these machines’ vibrations signal is of particular importance since it plays a crucial role in predictive maintenance. When the vibrations are too high, they often cause fatigue failure. They announce an unexpected stop or break and, consequently, a significant loss of productivity or an attack on the personnel’s safety. Therefore, fault identification at early stages will significantly enhance the machine’s health and significantly reduce maintenance costs. Although considerable efforts have been made to master the field of machine diagnostics, the usual signal processing methods still present several drawbacks. This paper examines the rotating machinery condition monitoring in the time and frequency domains. It also provides a framework for the diagnosis process based on machine learning by analyzing the vibratory signals.
In today’s education, healthcare, and manufacturing sectors, organizations and information societies are discussing new enhancements to corporate structure and process efficiency using digital platforms. These enhancements can be achieved using digital tools. Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0 give several potentials for businesses to enhance the adaptability and efficacy of their industrial processes, paving the door for developing new business models facilitated by digital platforms. Society 5.0 can contribute to a super-intelligent society that includes the healthcare industry. In the past decade, the Internet of Things, Big Data Analytics, Neural Networks, Deep Learning, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revolutionized our approach to various job sectors, from manufacturing and finance to consumer products. AI is developing quickly and efficiently. We have heard of the latest artificial intelligence chatbot, ChatGPT. OpenAI created this, which has taken the internet by storm. We tested the effectiveness of a considerable language model referred to as ChatGPT on four critical questions concerning “Society 5.0”, “Healthcare 5.0”, “Industry,” and “Future Education” from the perspectives of Age 5.0.
Personalized remote healthcare monitoring is in continuous development due to the technology improvements of sensors and wearable electronic systems. A state of the art of research works on wearable sensors for healthcare applications is presented in this work. Furthermore, a state of the art of wearable devices, chest and wrist band and smartwatches available on the market for health and sport monitoring is presented in this paper. Many activity trackers are commercially available. The prices are continuously reducing and the performances are improving, but commercial devices do not provide raw data and are therefore not useful for research purposes.
Public transport causes in rural areas high costs per passenger and kilometer as the frequency of scheduled busses is low and therefore, many people avoid using public transport. With the trend of moving from urban regions to countryside individual traffic will further increase. To tackle issues of emissions, mobility for young and elderly people and provide economically meaningful public transport a new concept was elaborated in Germany. This consists of (partly) autonomous shuttle busses which are remote controlled. For implementation rural districts of Germany have worked together and set up a three-phase plan consisting of a project with public funding, a highly frequent used pilot region and industrial partners with the commitment and possibilities for necessary investments. The concept promises economical value with respect to installation, service and maintaining costs, it leads to lower barriers for public transport of young and elderly people and ultimately reduces emissions and congestions.
Sustainability is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Business Model is a plan for the successful operation of a business, identifying sources of revenue, the intended customer base, products, and details of financing.
Circular economy is an approach of how a company creates, captures and delivers value, with a value creation logic designed to improve resource efficiency through contributing to extending the useful life of products and parts (e.g., through long-life design, repair and remanufacturing) and closing material loops.
In many cases continuous monitoring of vital signals is required and low intrusiveness is an important requirement. Incorporating monitoring systems in the hospital or home bed could have benefits for patients and caregivers. The objective of this work is the definition of a measurement protocol and the creation of a data set of measurements using commercial and low-cost prototypes devices to estimate heart rate and breathing rate. The experimental data will be used to compare results achieved by the devices and to develop algorithms for feature extraction of vital signals.
The recovery of our body and brain from fatigue directly depends on the quality of sleep, which can be determined from the results of a sleep study. The classification of sleep stages is the first step of this study and includes the measurement of vital data and their further processing. The non-invasive sleep analysis system is based on a hardware sensor network of 24 pressure sensors providing sleep phase detection. The pressure sensors are connected to an energy-efficient microcontroller via a system-wide bus. A significant difference between this system and other approaches is the innovative way in which the sensors are placed under the mattress. This feature facilitates the continuous use of the system without any noticeable influence on the sleeping person. The system was tested by conducting experiments that recorded the sleep of various healthy young people. Results indicate the potential to capture respiratory rate and body movement.
In recent decades, it can be observed that a steady increase in the volume of tourism is a stable trend. To offer travel opportunities to all groups, it is also necessary to prepare offers for people in need of long-term care or people with disabilities. One of the ways to improve accessibility could be digital technologies, which could help in planning as well as in carrying out trips. In the work presented, a study of barriers was first conducted, which led to selecting technologies for a test setup after analysis. The main focus was on a mobile app with travel information and 360° tours. The evaluation results showed that both technologies could increase accessibility, but some essential aspects (such as usability, completeness, relevance, etc.) need to be considered when implementing them.
This book investigates and highlights the most critical challenges the pharmaceutical industry faces in an increasingly competitive environment of inflationary R&D investments and tightening cost control pressures. The authors present three sources of pharmaceutical innovation: new management methods in the drug development pipeline; new technologies as enablers for cutting-edge R&D; and new forms of cooperation and internationalization, such as open innovation in the early phases of R&D. New models and methods are illustrated with cases from Europe, the US, and Asia. This third fully revised edition was expanded to reflect the latest updates in open and collaborative innovation, the greater strategic importance of venture capital and early stage investments, and the new range of emerging technologies now being put to use in pharmaceutical innovation.
Intermittent time series forecasting is a challenging task which still needs particular attention of researchers. The more unregularly events occur, the more difficult is it to predict them. With Croston’s approach in 1972 (1.Nr. 3:289–303), intermittence and demand of a time series were investigated the first time separately. He proposes an exponential smoothing in his attempt to generate a forecast which corresponds to the demand per period in average. Although this algorithm produces good results in the field of stock control, it does not capture the typical characteristics of intermittent time series within the final prediction. In this paper, we investigate a time series’ intermittence and demand individually, forecast the upcoming demand value and inter-demand interval length using recent machine learning algorithms, such as long-short-term-memories and light-gradient-boosting machines, and reassemble both information to generate a prediction which preserves the characteristics of an intermittent time series. We compare the results against Croston’s approach, as well as recent forecast procedures where no split is performed.
Due to digitalization, constant technological progress and ever shorter product life cycles, enterprises are currently facing major challenges. In order to succeed in the market, business models have to be adapted more often and more quickly to changing market conditions than they used to be. Fast adaptability, also called agility, is a decisive competitive factor in today’s world. Because of the ever-growing IT part of products and the fact that they are manufactured using IT, changing the business model has a major impact on the enterprise architecture (EA). However, developing EAs is a very complex task, because many stakeholders with conflicting interests are involved in the decision-making process. Therefore, a lot of collaboration is required. To support organizations in developing their EA, this article introduces a novel integrative method that systematically integrates stakeholder interests into decision-making activities. By using the method, collaboration between stakeholders involved is improved by identifying points of contact between them. Furthermore, standardized activities make decision-making more transparent and comparable without limiting creativity.
Companies are continuously changing their strategy, processes, and information systems to benefit from the digital transformation. Controlling the digital architecture and governance is the fundamental goal. Enterprise Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) systems are vital for managing digital risks threatening in modern enterprises from many different angles. The most significant constituent to GRC systems is the definition of controls that is implemented on different layers of a digital Enterprise Architecture (EA). As part of the compliant aspect of GRC, the effectiveness of these controls is assessed and reported to relevant management bodies within the enterprise. In this paper, we present a metamodel which links controls to the affected elements of a digital EA and supplies a way of expressing associated assessment techniques and results. We complement a metamodel with an expository instantiation of a control compliance cockpit in an international insurance enterprise.