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Bone remodeling can be mimicked in vitro by co-culture models. Based on bone cells, such co-cultures help to study synergistic morphological changes and the impact of materials and applied substances. Hence, we examined the formation of osteoclasts on bovine bone materials to prove the bone resorption functionality of the osteoclasts in three different co-culture set-ups using human monocytes (hMCs) and (I) human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), (II) osteogenic differentiated hMSCs (hOBs), and (III) hOBs in addition of soluble monocyte-colony stimulating factor (M CSF) and cytokine receptor activator of NFkB ligand (RANKL).We detected osteoclast-specific actin morphology, as well as the expression of cathepsin K and CD51/61 in single cells in set-up II and in numerous cells in set-up III. Resorption pits on bone material as characteristic proof of functional osteoclasts were not found in set-up I and II, but we detected such resorption pits in set–up III. We conclude in co culture models without M-CSF and RANKL that monocytes can differentiate into osteoclasts that show the characteristic actin structures and protein expression. However, to receive functional bone resorbing osteoclasts in vitro, the addition of M-CSF and RANKL is needed. Moreover, we suggest the use of bone or bone-like materials for future studies evaluating osteoclastogenesis.
To date, special interest has been paid to composite scaffolds based on polymers enriched with hydroxyapatite (HA). However, the role of HA containing different trace elements such as silicate in the structure of a polymer scaffold has not yet been fully explored. Here, we report the potential use of silicate-containing hydroxyapatite (SiHA) microparticles and microparticle aggregates in the predominant range from 2.23 to 12.40 μm in combination with polycaprolactone (PCL) as a hybrid scaffold with randomly oriented and well-aligned microfibers for regeneration of bone tissue. Chemical and mechanical properties of the developed 3D scaffolds were investigated with XRD, FTIR, EDX and tensile testing. Furthermore, the internal structure and surface morphology of the scaffolds were analyzed using synchrotron X-ray μCT and SEM. Upon culturing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) on PCL-SiHA scaffolds, we found that both SiHA inclusion and microfiber orientation affected cell adhesion. The best hMSCs viability was revealed at 10 day for the PCL-SiHA scaffolds with well-aligned structure (~82%). It is expected that novel hybrid scaffolds of PCL will improve tissue ingrowth in vivo due to hydrophilic SiHA microparticles in combination with randomly oriented and well-aligned PCL microfibers, which mimic the structure of extracellular matrix of bone tissue.
Lithographical hotspot (LH) detection using deep learning (DL) has received much attention in the recent years. It happens mainly due to the facts the DL approach leads to a better accuracy over the traditional, state-of-the-art programming approaches. The purpose of ths study is to compare existing data augmentation (DA) techniques for the integrated circuit (IC) mask data using DL methods. DA is a method which refers to the process of creating new samples similar to the training set, thereby helping to reduce the gap between classes as well as improving the performance of the DL system. Experimental results suggest that the DA methods increase overall DL models performance for the hotspot detection tasks.
Completely defined co-culture of adipogenic differentiated ASCs and microvascular endothelial cells
(2018)
Vascularized adipose tissue models are in high demand as alternatives to animal models to elucidate the mechanisms of widespread diseases, screen for new drugs or assess drug safety levels. Animal-derived sera such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), which are commonly used in these models, are associated with ethical concerns, risk of contaminations and inconsistencies of their composition and impact on cells. In this study, we developed a serum-free, defined co culture medium and implemented it in an adipocyte/endothelial cell (EC) co culture model.
Human adipose-derived stem cells were differentiated under defined conditions (diffASCs) and, like human microvascular ECs (mvECs), cultured in a defined co culture medium in mono-, indirect or direct co-culture for 14 days. The defined co-culture medium was superior when compared to mono-culture media and facilitated the functional maintenance and maturation of diffASCs including perilipin A expression, lipid accumulation, and also glycerol and leptin release. The medium also allowed mvEC maintenance, confirmed by the expression of CD31 and von Willebrand factor (vWF), and by acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL) uptake. Thereby, mvECs showed strong dependence on EC-specific factors. Additionally, mvECs formed vascular structures in direct co-culture with diffASCs.
The completely defined co-culture system allows for the serum-free culture of adipocyte/EC co-cultures and thereby represents a valuable and ethically acceptable tool for the culture and study of vascularized adipose tissue models.
This paper introduces a highly scalable heteromodular origami art technique for constructing 3D framework structures using elementary struts and connectors folded from uncut sheets of standard A4 office paper. The presented technique, named ZEBRA, allows the design of meter-scale architectural objects, such as truss bridges and towers, which are capable of bearing substantial mechanical loads. Moving parts, ranging from simple levers to complete multi-bar linkages, can be integrated into static frameworks using a set of kinematic extensions. An overview is given of how the ZEBRA system can be used to teach university students various theoretical and practical aspects of the engineering sciences in an entertaining and hands-on way.
Rattern unerwünscht
(2018)
Die Mesago Messe Frankfurt als Veranstalter der Formnext 2018 haben von Prof. Dr.-Ing. Steffen Ritter von der Hochschule Reutlingen eine anschauliche Übersicht erstellen lassen, welche die Vielfalt der unterschiedlichen Verfahren zur additiven Fertigung verständlich erklärt. Die kleine, zweisprachige Broschüre mit dem Titel „AM Field Guide“ bietet auf 12 Seiten strukturierte Vergleichsdarstellungen von insgesamt 19 gängigen 3-D-Druck Technologien für Kunststoffe, Metalle sowie andere Werkstoffe und dazu noch einen Überblick über die Phasen und Prozessschritte in Projekten für Bauteile, die additiv hergestellt werden.
Nowadays robust, energy-efficient multisensor microsystems often come with heavily restricted power budgets and the characteristic of remaining in certain states for a longer period of time. During this time frame there is no continuous clock signal required which gives the opportunity to suspend the clock until a new transition is requested. In this paper, we present a new topology for on-demand locally clocked finite state machines. The architecture combines a local adaptive clocking approach with synchronous and asynchronous components forming a quasi synchronous system. Using adaptive and local clocking comes with the advantages of reducing the power consumption while saving design effort when no global clock tree is needed. Combining synchronous and asynchronous components is beneficial compared to previous fully asynchronous approaches concerning the design restrictions. The developed topology is verified by the implementation and simulation of a temperature-ADC sensor system realized in a 180 nm process.
Functionalised particles are highly requested in materials research, as they can be used as vital components in many advanced applications such as smart materials, functional coatings, drug carrier systems or adsorption materials. In this study, furan-functionalised melamine-formaldehyde (MF) particles were successfully prepared for the first time using an organic sol-gel process. Commercially available 2-Aminomethylfuran (AMF) and 2-Aminomethyl-5-methylfuran (AMMF) were used as modifying agents. In the isolated polymer particles, a melamine (M) to modifying agent ratio of M:AMF mol/mol 2.04:1 and M:AMMF ratio of mol/mol 1.25:1 was used. The obtained particles were isolated in various centrifugation and re-dispersion cycles and analysed using ATR-FT-IR, Raman and solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy, TGA, SEM and DSC measurements. Upon functionalisation the size of the MF particles increased (MF 1.59 µm, 27% CV (coefficient of variation); MF-AMF 2.56 µm, 25% CV; MF-AMMF 2.20 µm, 35% CV). DSC measurements showed that another type of exothermic residual reactivity besides condensation-based curing takes place with the furan-modified particles that is not related to the liberation of volatile compounds. The newly obtained particles are able to undergo Diels-Alder reactions with maleimide groups. The characteristic IR and Raman absorbance bands of the reaction products after the particles were reacted with 4,4′-Diphenylmethanebismaleimide reagent confirm the formation of a Diels-Alder adduct.
Impact of phenolic resin preparation on its properties and its penetration behavior in Kraft paper
(2018)
The core of decorative laminates is generally made of stacked Kraft paper sheets impregnated with a phenolic resin. As the impregnation process in industry is relatively fast, new methods need to be developed to characterize it for different paper-resin systems. Several phenolic resins were synthesized with the same Phenol:Formaldehyde ratio of 1:1.8 and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) as well as Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC). In addition, their viscosities and surface tensions when diluted in methanol to 45% of solid content were measured. The capacity of each resin to penetrate a Kraft paper sheet was characterized using a new method, which measures the conductivities induced by the liquid resin crossing the paper substrate. With this method, crossing times could be measured with a good accuracy. Surprisingly, the results showed that the penetration time of the resin samples is not correlated to the viscosity values, but rather to the surface tension characteristics and the chemical characteristics of paper. Furthermore, some resins had a higher swelling effect on the fibers that delayed the crossing of the liquid through the paper.
An interactive clothing design and a personalized virtual display with user’s own face are presented in this paper to meet the requirement of personalized clothing customization. A customer interactive clothing design approach based on genetic engineering ideas is analyzed by taking suit as an example. Thus, customers could rearrange the clothing style elements, chose available color, fabric and come up with their own personalized suit style. A web 3D customization prototype system of personalized clothing is developed based on the Unity3D and VR technology. The layout of the structure and functions combined with the flow of the system are given. Practical issues such as 3D face scanning, suit style design, fabric selection, and accessory choices are addressed also. Tests to the prototype system indicate that it could show realistic clothing and fabric effect and offer effective visual and customization experience to users.
This paper investigates the evaluation of dense 3D face reconstruction from a single 2D image in the wild. To this end, we organise a competition that provides a new benchmark dataset that contains 2000 2D facial images of 135 subjects as well as their 3D ground truth face scans. In contrast to previous competitions or challenges, the aim of this new benchmark dataset is to evaluate the accuracy of a 3D dense face reconstruction algorithm using real, accurate and high-resolution 3D ground truth face scans. In addition to the dataset, we provide a standard protocol as well as a Python script for the evaluation. Last, we report the results obtained by three state-of-the-art 3D face reconstruction systems on the new benchmark dataset. The competition is organised along with the 2018 13th IEEE Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture Recognition.
Annotations of subject IDs in images are very important as ground truth for face recognition applications and news retrieval systems. Face naming is becoming a significant research topic in news image indexing applications. By exploiting the uniqueness of name, face naming is transformed to the problem of multiple instance learning (MIL) with exclusive constraint, namely the eMIL problem. First, the positive bags and the negative bags are automatically annotated by a hybrid recurrent convolutional neural network and a distributed affinity propagation cluster. Next, positive instance selection and updating are used to reduce the influence of false-positive bag and to improve the performance. Finally, max exclusive density and iterative Max-ED algorithms are proposed to solve the eMIL problem. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms achieve a significant improvement over other algorithms.
Background aims: In vitro engineered adipose tissue is in great demand to treat lost or damaged soft tissue or to screen for new drugs, among other applications.However, today most attempts depend on the use of animal-derived sera. To pave the way for the application of adipose tissue-engineered
products in clinical trials or as reliable and robust in vitro test systems, sera should be completely excluded from the production process. In this study, we aimed to develop an in vitro adipose tissue model in the absence of sera and maintain its function long-term.
Methods: Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells were expanded and characterized in a xeno- and serum-free environment. Adipogenic differentiation was induced using a completely defined medium. Developed adipocytes were maintained in a completely defined maturation medium for additional 28 days. In addition to cell-viability and adherence, adipocyte-specific markers such as perilipin A expression of leptin release were evaluated.
Results: The defined differentiation medium enhanced cell adherence and lipid
accumulation at a significant level compared with the corresponding negative control. The defined maturation medium also significantly supported cell adherence and functional adipocyte maturation during the long-term culture period.
Conclusions: The process described here enables functional adipocyte generation and maintenance without the addition fo unknown or unimal-derived constituents, achieving an important milestone in the introduction of adipose tissue engineered products into clinical trials or in vitro screening.
The coculture of osteogenic and angiogenic cells and the resulting paracrine signaling via soluble factors are supposed to be crucial for successfully engineering vascularized bone tissue equivalents. In this study, a coculture system combining primary human adiposederived stem cells (hASCs) and primary human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) within two types of hydrogels based on methacryloyl‐modified gelatin (GM) as three‐dimensional scaffolds was examined for its support of tissue specific cell functions. HDMECs, together with hASCs as supporting cells, were encapsulated in soft GM gels and were indirectly cocultured with hASCs encapsulated in stiffer GM hydrogels additionally containing methacrylate‐modified hyaluronic acid and hydroxyapatite particles. After 14 days, the hASC in the stiffer gels (constituting the “bone gels”) expressed matrix proteins like collagen type I and fibronectin, as well as bone‐specific proteins osteopontin and alkaline phosphatase. After 14 days of coculture with HDMEC‐laden hydrogels, the viscoelastic properties of the bone gels were significantly higher compared with the gels in monoculture. Within the soft vascularization gels, the formed capillary‐like networks were significantly longer after 14 days of coculture than the structures in the control gels. In addition, the stability as well as the complexity of the vascular networks was significantly increased by coculture. We discussed and concluded that osteogenic and angiogenic signals from the culture media as well as from cocultured cell types, and tissue‐specific hydrogel composition all contribute to stimulate the interplay between osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro and are a basis for engineering vascularized bone.
Early reduction of risks in a startup or an innovation project is highly important. Appropriate means for risk reduction, such as testing business models with different kinds of experiments exist. However, deciding what to test and how to select the right test, is challenging for many startups and innovation projects. This article presents the so-called Business Experiments Navigator (BEN), a toolkit to assist startup and innovation processes. It compliments other tools such as the Business Model Canvas or the Lean Startup process. The main contribution of BEN is to bridge the gap between the riskiest assumptions of a business model and the multitude of available testing techniques by providing assumption templates. The Business Experiments Navigator has been validated in several workshops. Results show that it creates awareness among the workshop participants that a business model is based on assumptions which impose risks and need to be validated. Further, users of BEN were able to identify relevant assumptions and map different kinds of assumptions to appropriate testing techniques. The process applied in the workshops, as well as the assumption templates, helped the participants understand the main concepts and transfer their learnings, to their own business ideas.
Fitting 3D Morphable Face Models (3DMM) to a 2D face image allows the separation of face shape from skin texture, as well as correction for face expression. However, the recovered 3D face representation is not readily amenable to processing by convolutional neural networks (CNN). We propose a conformal mapping from a 3D mesh to a 2D image, which makes these machine learning tools accessible by 3D face data. Experiments with a CNN based face recognition system designed using the proposed representation have been carried out to validate the advocated approach. The results obtained on standard benchmarking data sets show its promise.
Research and Development (R&D) is crucial for the growth and future success of research-based pharma companies. To maintain their R&D organisations efficient, pharmaceutical companies started to hedge the potential of open innovation to cut R&D costs and to access external knowledge. These new strategies could be divided into several categories: open source, innovation centres, crowd sourcing and virtual R&D.
Die Überlebensfähigkeit von Unternehmen am Markt wird vorrangig durch den Input ihrer Lieferanten getrieben, da dem Einkauf bis zu 50% des prognostizierten Innovationspotenzials zugesprochen wird. Dabei gilt vor allem die digitale Transformation als wesentliche Voraussetzung, um die eigene Wettbewerbsfähigkeit langfristig zu sichern. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich daher mit dem Digitalisierungspotenzial strategischer Lieferantenbeziehungen auseinander. Aufbauend auf einem konzeptionellen Modell des Einkaufs 4.0 werden dessen Erfolgstreiber analysiert. Neben der Optimierung von Einkaufsprozessen durch eProcurementlösungen sollte der Fokus auf der Beziehungspflege zu Lieferanten liegen, um das Potenzial von Einkauf 4.0 vollständig ausschöpfen zu können. Denn nur durch den Aufbau strategischer Wertschöpfungspartnerschaften lässt sich das Erfolgspotenzial des Einkaufs langfristig heben.
Die Welt dreht sich immer schneller. Etablierte Firmen, die sinnbildlich für innovative Produkte stehen, werden in kurzer Zeit vom Markt gedrängt und durch disruptive Ansätze aus ihrem Geschäft verdrängt. Inkrementelle Ansätze zur Verbesserung der Produktqualität, zur Reduktion von Herstellkosten und der Fokus auf die Produktionsoptimierung nach dem Individualisierungsprinzip (Losgröße 1) sind keine auf die Zukunft ausgerichtete Zielzustände für Automobilhersteller mehr. Neue Wettbewerber, seien es Softwaregiganten oder agile Startups, treten in den Markt ein. Die traditionelle Massenproduktion des Automotivbereichs kann den sich stetig verändernden Kundenanforderungen nicht mehr länger gerecht werden. Dazu bedarf es Geschäftsmodell-Innovationen, wie beispielsweise digitale Preismodelle oder On-Demand Funktionalitäten.
Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Industrie 4.0 und Recht. Ausgangspunkt sind die vertragsrechtlichen Grundlagen mit den Fragen, ob und wie zwischen Maschinen überhaupt Verträge zustande kommen können, wie Industrie 4.0-Verträge vertragstypologisch einzuordnen sind und welche Grenzen bei der Verwendung Allgemeiner Geschäftsbedingungen bestehen können. Anschließend werden die Themen dargestellt, die derzeit die Diskussion um das Haftungsrecht der Industrie 4.0 beherrschen. Im Rahmen des Datenrechts wird geklärt, wem Daten zustehen und wie der Datenschutz geregelt ist. Zudem wird aufgezeigt, welche rechtlichen Vorgaben zur Gewährleistung von IT-Sicherheit im Unternehmen bestehen. Schließlich werden auch arbeitsrechtliche Herausforderungen von Industrie 4.0 angesprochen, wie die zunehmende "Entbetrieblichung", das Aufkommen neuer Beschäftigungsformen, die Forderung nach mehr Flexibilisierung der Arbeitswelt sowie Fragen des Mitbestimmungsrechts.
Im Projekt "Heat4SmartGrid" soll untersucht werden, ob und wie mit Hilfe von Wärmepumpen der Anteil erneuerbarer Energien an der Wärmeversorgung in Baden-Württemberg (BW) gesteigert werden und gleichzeitig das Verteilnetz durch eine intelligente Steuerung der Wärmepumpensysteme entlastet werden kann. Hierzu ist im AP 1 für das Jahr 2050 ein Wärmebedarf in BW von 35 TWh errechnet worden, bei 40 TWh im Jahr 2030. Im Vergleich zum Jahr 2015 ergibt sich so ein Rückgang um 30 % zum Jahr 2030 und bis zum Jahr 2050 um 40 %. Weiterhin steigt auf Grund von energetischer Sanierung im Gebäudebestand das technische Potenzial für Wärmepumpen, ausgehend von 8 TWh im Jahr 2015, auf 20 TWh bis 2030 und auf 23 TWh bis 2040. Insgesamt könnten so 63 % aller Wohnanteile in BW durch Wärmepumpen mit thermischer Energie versorgt werden. Der Einsatz von Wärmepumpensystemen ist somit ein wichtiger Baustein für das Gelingen der Wärmewende. Zur Steuerung der Wärmepumpen sind in AP 2 Betriebsmodi in Abhängigkeit von Anwendung und Gebäudetyp entwickelt worden. Diese werden mittels Korrelationsfunktionen für die Heizleistung für Luft-Wasser- und Sole-Wasser-Wärmepumpen bestimmt. Hierauf aufbauend sind für die in AP 1 ermittelten Gebäudetypen die erreichbare Jahresarbeitszahl der beiden Wärmepumpentechnologien ermittelt worden. Zur intelligenten system- und netzdienlichen Steuerung dieser Wärmepumpensysteme werden Prognosen über die lokale Erzeugung und den lokalen Verbrauch benötigt, die in AP 5 erarbeitet werden. In Abhängigkeit der Prognose-anwendung sind sowohl univariate (elektrische Last und thermische Brauchwarmwasserlast) als auch multivariate Prognosemodelle (PV-Erzeugung und thermische Heizwarmwasserlast) implementiert worden.
The focus of the developed maturity model was set on processes. The concept of the widespread CMM and its practices has been transferred to the perioperative domain and the concept of the new maturity model. Additional optimization goals and technological as well as networking-specific aspects enable a process- and object-focused view of the maturity model in order to ensure broad coverage of different subareas. The evaluation showed that the model is applicable to the perioperative field. Adjustments and extensions of the maturity model are future steps to improve the rating and classification of the new maturity model.
Being able to monitor the heart activity of patients during their daily life in a reliable, comfortable and affordable way is one main goal of the personalized medicine. Current wearable solutions lack either on the wearing comfort, the quality and type of the data provided or the price of the device. This paper shows the development of a Textile Sensor Platform (TSP) in the form of an electrocardiogram (ECG)-measuring T-shirt that is able to transmit the ECG signal to a smartphone. The development process includes the selection of the materials, the design of the textile electrodes taking into consideration their electrical characteristics and ergonomy, the integration of the electrodes on the garment and their connection with the embedded electronic part. The TSP is able to transmit a real-time streaming of the ECG-signal to an Android smartphone through Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). Initial results show a good electrical quality in the textile electrodes and promising results in the capture and transmission of the ECG signal. This is still a working- progress and it is the result of an interdisciplinary master project between the School of Informatics and the School of Textiles & Design of the Reutlingen University.
This work is a report on practical experiences with the issue of interoperability in German practice management systems (PMSs) from an ongoing clinical trial on teledermatology, the TeleDerm project. A proprietary and established web-platform for store-and-forward telemedicine is integrated with the IT in the GPs’ offices for automatic exchange of basic patient data. Most of the 19 different PMSs included in the study sample lack support of modern health data exchange standards, therefore the relatively old but widely available German health data exchange interface “Gerätedatentransfer” (GDT) is used. Due to the lack of enforcement and regulation of the GDT standard, several obstacles to interoperability are encountered. As a partial, but reusable working solution to cope with these issues, we present a custom middleware which is used in conjunction with GDT. We describe the design, technical implementation and observed hindrances with the existing infrastructure. A discussion on health care interfacing standards and the current state of interoperability in German PMS software is given.
We present an approach for segmenting individual cells and lamellipodia in epithelial cell clusters using fully convolutional neural networks. The method will set the basis for measuring cell cluster dynamics and expansion to improve the investigation of collective cell migration phenomena. The fully learning-based front-end avoids classical feature engineering, yet the network architecture needs to be designed carefully. Our network predicts how likely each pixel belongs to one of the classes and, thus, is able to segment the image. Besides characterizing segmentation performance, we discuss how the network will be further employed.
Background: Internationally, teledermatology has proven to be a viable alternative to conventional physical referrals. Travel cost and referral times are reduced while patient safety is preserved. Especially patients from rural areas benefit from this healthcare innovation. Despite these established facts and positive experiences from EU neighboring countries like the Netherlands or the United Kingdom, Germany has not yet implemented store-and-forward teledermatology in routine care.
Methods: The TeleDerm study will implement and evaluate store-and-forward teledermatology in 50 general practitioner (GP) practices as an alternative to conventional referrals. TeleDerm aims to confirm that the possibility of store-and-forward teledermatology in GP practices is going to lead to a 15% (n = 260) reduction in referrals in the intervention arm. The study uses a cluster-randomized controlled trial design. Randomization is planned for the cluster “county”. The main observational unit is the GP practice. Poisson distribution of referrals is assumed. The evaluation of secondary outcomes like acceptance, enablers and barriers uses a mixed methods design with questionnaires and interviews.
Discussion: Due to the heterogeneity of GP practice organization, patient management software, information technology service providers, GP personal technical affinity and training, we expect several challenges in implementing teledermatology in German GP routine care. Therefore, we plan to recruit 30% more GPs than required by the power calculation. The implementation design and accompanying evaluation is expected to deliver vital insights into the specifics of implementing telemedicine in German routine care.
Modern persistent Key/Value stores are designed to meet the demand for high transactional throughput and high data ingestion rates. Still, they rely on backwards-compatible storage stack and abstractions to ease space management, foster seamless proliferation and system integration. Their dependence on the traditional I/O stack has negative impact on performance, causes unacceptably high write-amplification, and limits the storage longevity.
In the present paper we present NoFTL KV, an approach that results in a lean I/O stack, integrating physical storage management natively in the Key/Value store. NoFTL-KV eliminates backwards compatibility, allowing the Key/Value store to directly consume the characteristics of modern storage technologies. NoFTLKV is implemented under RocksDB. The performance evaluation under LinkBench shows that NoFTL-KV improves transactional throughput by 33%, while response times improve up to 2.3x. Furthermore, NoFTL KV reduces write-amplification 19x and improves storage longevity by imately the same factor.
Blockchains yield to new workloads in database management systems and K/V-stores. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is a technique for managing transactions in ’trustless’ distributed systems. Yet, clients of nodes in blockchain networks are backed by ’trustworthy’ K/V-Stores, like LevelDB or RocksDB in Ethereum, which are based on Log-Structured Merge Trees (LSM Trees). However, LSM-Trees do not fully match the properties of blockchains and enterprise workloads.
In this paper, we claim that Partitioned B-Trees (PBT) fit the properties of this DLT: uniformly distributed hash keys, immutability, consensus, invalid blocks, unspent and off-chain transactions, reorganization and data state / version ordering in a distributed log-structure. PBT can locate records of newly inserted key-value pairs, as well as data of unspent transactions, in separate partitions in main memory. Once several blocks acquire consensus, PBTs evict a whole partition, which becomes immutable, to secondary storage. This behavior minimizes write amplification and enables a beneficial sequential write pattern on modern hardware. Furthermore, DLT implicate some type of log-based versioning. PBTs can serve as MV-store for data storage of logical blocks and indexing in multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) transaction processing.
Auf jeder Stufe der Lebensmittelkette muss von der Herstellung bis zum Inverkehrbringen eine Rückverfolgung der Produkte möglich sein. Erzeuger, Verarbeiter, Transportunternehmen und Händler stehen vor der Herausforderung, Systeme zur Rückverfolgbarkeit effizient in ihre Unternehmensprozesse zu integrieren und gegenseitig zu vernetzen. Für die betriebliche Umsetzung werden die rechtlichen Anforderungen skizziert und die Grundlagen eines Rückverfolgbarkeitssystems vorgestellt.
We present a new method for detecting gait disorders according to their stadium using cluster methods for sensor data. 21 healthy and 18 Parkinson subjects performed the time up and go test. The time series were segmented into separate steps. For the analysis the horizontal acceleration measured by a mobile sensor system was considered. We used dynamic time warping and hierarchical custering to distinguish the stadiums. A specificity of 92% was achieved.
SLAM systems are mainly applied for robot navigation while research on feasibility for motion planning with SLAM for tasks like bin-picking, is scarce. Accurate 3D reconstruction of objects and environments is important for planning motion and computing optimal gripper pose to grasp objects. In this work, we propose the methods to analyze the accuracy of a 3D environment reconstructed using a LSD-SLAM system with a monocular camera mounted onto the gripper of a collaborative robot. We discuss and propose a solution to the pose space conversion problem. Finally, we present several criteria to analyze the 3D reconstruction accuracy. These could be used as guidelines to improve the accuracy of 3D reconstructions with monocular LSD-SLAM and other SLAM based solutions.
An apparatus and method for analyzing a flow of material having an inlet region, a measurement range and an outlet region, and having a first diverter and a second diverter, and a deflection area, wherein in a first state of operation, the two diverters form a continuous first material flow space from the inlet region via the first diverter through the measurement range, via the second diverter to the outlet region, and in a second state of operation, form a continuous second material flow space from the inlet region via the first diverter through the deflection area, via the second diverter to the outlet region.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Analyse eines Materialstroms S mit einem Einlassbereich E, einem Messbereich M und einen Auslassbereich A sowie mit einer ersten Weiche W1 und einer zweiten Weiche W2 und einem Umlenkbereich U, wobei die beiden Weichen W1, W2 in einem ersten Schaltzustand Z1 einen durchgängigen ersten Materialdurchströmungsraum vom Einlassbereich E über die erste Weiche W1 durch den Messbereich M über die zweite Weiche W2 bis zum Auslassbereich A ausbilden und in einem zweiten Schaltzustand einen durchgängigen zweiten Materialdurchströmungsraum vom Einlassbereich E über die erste Weiche W1 durch den Umkenkbereich U über die zweite Weiche W2 bis zum Auslassbereich A ausbilden.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Analyse eines Materialstroms (S) mit einem Einlassbereich (E), einem Messbereich (M) und einen Auslassbereich (A) sowie mit einer ersten Weiche (W1) und einer zweiten Weiche (W2) und einem Umlenkbereich (U), wobei die beiden Weichen (W1, W2) in einem ersten Schaltzustand (Z1) einen durchgängigen ersten Materialdurchströmungsraum vom Einlassbereich (E) über die erste Weiche (W1) durch den Messbereich (M) über die zweite Weiche (W2) bis zum Auslassbereich (A) ausbilden und in einem zweiten Schaltzustand einen durchgängigen zweiten Materialdurchströmungsraum vom Einlassbereich (E) über die erste Weiche (W1) durch den Umlenkbereich (U) über die zweite Weiche (W2) bis zum Auslassbereich (A) ausbilden.
Mature economies which are driven mainly by small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly becoming dependent on material imports. Global material consumption is ever increasing, mainly driven by population increases. Decoupling of material consumption from economic growth is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Within this paper available methods for the assessment of material efficiency on different economic scales are investigated and those detected that are particulary suitable for the use in SMEs. Recommendations for further improvements of the selected tools and an outlook concerning planned research activities in the field of material efficiency in enterprises, supply chains and circular economy aspects are given.
While academia and industry see large potential for human-robot collaboration (HRC), only a small number of realized HRC application is currently found in industry. To gather more data about current hindrances to wider implementation of collaborative robots, a study among 15 robot manufactureres and 14 system integrators of collaborative robot technology has been conducted through a predesigned questionnaire procedure. Additionally, five industrial users of human-robot collaboration have been interviewed on the main challenges they experienced during the initial implementation process. The quantitative data has been analyzed using the Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank-Test. Accoring to the study participants, the main challenges within the implementation currently are the identification of HRC-suitable processes, the application of relevant safety norms (such as ISO 10218, ISO/TS 15066) and the application-individual risk assessment.
What does the factory of tomorrow have to offer for companies? This question and its aspects are the focus of many actual articles and publications. According to Gartner digital twins, one of 2017 strategic technology trends will play a big role for the future of manufacturing. At the moment digital twins are gaining more importance for the industrial application. If companies want to be competitive in the future they have to implement the digital twin in the factories of today. Therefore this paper provides a basic overview of the concept of the smart factory and its requirements. In addition, digital twins are identified as a necessary concept for the evolution of the factory of today.
The increased availability of data gives rise to the use of machine learning methods for purposes like forecasting or quality control in operations management. Practitioners who want to employ these methods are faced with the task of choosing from a large number of available methods. We give an overview of classification methods and available implementations and present considerations for choosing appropriate methods.
The success of an autonomous robotic system is influenced by several not easily identifiable interdependent factors. This paper is set to lay the foundation of an integrated approach in order to examine all the parameters and understand their contribution to success. After introducing the problem, two autonomous systems for the process of unloading of containers are presented. Then a recently developed method for modelling and interpreting all the parameters, the STIC analysis, are introduced. The preliminary results of applying such a methodology to a first study case is shortly presented. Future research is in the end recommended in order to prove that this methodology is the only way to overcome barriers to the investment in autonomous systems in the logistics sector.
The level of automation in intralogistics has steadily increased over recent years. For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), however, the associated digital change is a major challenge. Since most SMEs are facing increasing sales volumes (e.g. due to e-commerce and good overall economy) in combination with decreasing lot sizes due to the market demand for individualized products, SMEs have to find innovative solutions to cope with these challenges in production as well as in logistics. Innovative technologies, like 3D printing technologies for the production for small lot sizes and future-oriented intralogistics technologies can serve as enablers in logistics to realize flexible logistic processes for increasing market requiremments. Considering that, this paper examines innovative and future-oriented technologies for intralogistics such as smart containers, driverless forklift systems, data glasses, smart shelves and smart pallets regarding their potential for SMEs. This explorative research paper shows that digital technologies are already suitable and available for SMEs.However, challenges are still seen in areas like the identification and digitalization potential and the financing of these new projects. The primary reason escpecially for SMEs for this is that they have to make investments based on an economically feasible payback period and less based on prestigious reasons like digitalization flagship projecs done by large corporations. In addition, the identification of feasible starting points for digitalization within intralogistic systems embedded in specific factory processes is a major challenge not only for SMEs.
Die Digitalisierung vrändert die Arbeitsweisen in Unternehmen und damit auch bei der Planung von Fabriken. Am Markt verfügbar sind vielfältige Soft- und Hardwaresysteme für die Digitale Fabrik, die die Fabrikplanung unterstützen und teilweise revolutionieren können. Um dieses Potential zu nutzen, muss aber bekannt sein, was diese Systeme können und wie sie sinnvoll genutzt werden können. Bisherige Fabrikplanungssystematiken haben hierzu keine Unterstützung angeboten, da sie nur das generelle Vorgehen der Fabrikplanung beschreiben, ohne den Zusammenhang zu den sich rasch entwickelnden Soft- und Hardwaresystemen herzustellen. Im Folgenden wird die Entwicklung und Umsetzung eines Planungsvorgehens für die Digitale Fabrikplanung dargestellt, das die Potentiale der Soft- und Hardwaresysteme für die Digitale Fabrik aufgreift und in ein passendes Planungsvorgehensmodell integriert.
An die Produktionslogistik werden komplexe
Anforderungen gestellt, so dass eine systematische Vorgehensweise zu deren Planung erforderlich ist. Aufgrund der Abhängigkeiten in der Supply Chain muss die Produtkionslogistik immer vom Lieferanten beginnend geplant werden. Trotz der Vielfalt an Planungssystematiken bieten diese alle nur sehr wenig Unterstützung bei der Gestaltung der einzelnen Planungsobjekte in der Logistikkette an, sodass die Planung und Lösungsfindung häufig intuitiv erfolgt und sehr stark vom individuellen Erfahrungswissen des Logistikplaners abhängt. Im Folgenden wird eine Planungssystematik, die auf Morphologien basiert, vorgestellt, die eine durchgängige Planung von Produktionslogistiksystemen ermöglicht und den Planer umgfangreich mit Informationen zu Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und praktischen Umsetzungen unterstützt.
Es wird erwartet, dass die neuen Technologien rund um die Digitalisierung von Gesellschaft und Geschäftswelt zu revolutionären Veränderungen führen werden. Im Zusammenhang mit produzierenden Unternehmen ist hier von einer möglichen vierten Revolution unter dem Stichwort "Industrie 4.0" die Rede. Eine Frage, die damit aber unmittelbar einhergeht, ist, ob sich infolge dieser Revolution auch Organisations- und Produktionsstrukturen von Unternehmen nicht ebenfalls revolutionär ändern müssen.
Dieser Beitrag geht dieser Frage nach, indem er den momentanen Stand der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion zusammenfasst und anschließend bewertet.
Gesellschaftliche und industrielle Trends im Zuge der Digitaliserung induzieren Veränderungsprozesse in der Industrie. Eine hohe Flexibilität und schnelle Entscheidungsfindungsprozesse stellen entscheidende Wettbewerbsvorteile für Unternehmen dar, um zukünftig erfolgreich am Markt agieren zu können. Um dies zu ermöglichen, müssen aggregierte Echtzeitdaten und Prognosen unmittelbar sowohl am Ort der Wertschöpfung als auch dezentral zur Verfügung stehen. Die Entscheidungsunterstützung mit Hilfe geeigneter Visualisierungen ist ein maßgeblicher Bestandteil von Shopfloor Management Systemen. Aufgrund der steigenden Anforderungen wurde das konventionelle und analoge Shopfloor Management in den letzten Jahren verstärkt durch digitale Lösungen ersetzt. Ein ganzheitlicher Shopfloor Management Ansatz, der die Trends und die daraus resultierenden Herausforderungen für die Industrie abdeckt, ist aktuell nicht vorhanden. Zukünftige Shopfloor Management Lösungen sollen diese Lücke schließen. Hierfür wurde ein ganzheitliches System entwickelt, welches Produktionsinformationen in Echtzeit unmittelbar am Shopfloor visualisiert, eine integrierte flexible Planung und Steuerung der Produktion beinhaltet sowie die Mitarbeiterbedürfnisse berücksichtigt. Eine flexible und individuelle Schichtplanung durch die Mitarbeiter und eine umfassende automatische Beanspruchungsbeurteilung sind dazu integriert worden. Zudem ermöglicht das System die Prognose und Visualisierung von Produktionsinformationen und unterstützt die Anwender bei der Durchführung strukturierter Shopfloor-Meetings. Dadurch werden Entscheidungen direkt auf den Ort der Wertschöpfung verlagert.
The Tenth International Conference on Advances in Databases, Knowledge, and Data Applications (DBKDA 2018), held between May 20 - 24, 2018 - Nice, France, continued a series of international events covering a large spectrum of topics related to advances in fundamentals on databases, evolution of relation between databases and other domains, data base technologies and content processing, as well as specifics in applications domains databases.
Advances in different technologies and domains related to databases triggered substantial improvements for content processing, information indexing, and data, process and knowledge mining. The push came from Web services, artificial intelligence, and agent technologies, as well as from the generalization of the XML adoption.
High-speed communications and computations, large storage capacities, and loadbalancing for distributed databases access allow new approaches for content processing with incomplete patterns, advanced ranking algorithms and advanced indexing methods.
Evolution on e-business, ehealth and telemedicine, bioinformatics, finance and marketing, geographical positioning systems put pressure on database communities to push the ‘de facto’ methods to support new requirements in terms of scalability, privacy, performance, indexing, and heterogeneity of both content and technology.
Product-Service Systems (PSS) in the fashion industry : an analysis of intra-organizational factors
(2018)
The fashion industry is a vast industry that has grown tremendously over the last decades. This growth causes significant environmental impact since the production of clothes involves high input of energy, water, chemicals and generates great volumes of waste. Even though fashion firms have started to address this challenge by adopting environmental standards, it has turned out that the sole use of eco-friendly material and new manufacturing techniques is insufficient. Instead, sustainable business models are increasingly gaining attention to solve the environmental problems. Offers to rent, swap, repair or redesign clothes are among the most prominent and promising examples. For analytical purposes, these concepts can be assigned to the growing research stream of Product-Service Systems (PSS) that shift the focus from the pure sale of a product toward complementary or substitutional service offers. This decouples customer satisfaction from material consumption, prolongs the garments' lifetime and thus diminishes both material input and appertaining waste. Besides environmental sustainability, PSS imply potential economic benefits for organizations. Particularly in highly competitive industries like the fashion industry, PSS allow firms to differentiate, better compete with cost pressure and mitigate the risk of being imitated by rivels since service is more difficult to replicate. However, fashion PSS are still mainly operated in a niche market by small firms and have yet to be anchored in the mainstream fashion industry.