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Die Zukunftsfähigkeit des Personalmanagements lässt sich daran festmachen, dass in der Organisation qualitativ und quantitativ ausreichend Personal zur Erfüllung des Organisationszwecks in dynamischen Umfeldern zur Verfügung steht. Einen wichtigen Ansatzpunkt stellen die Flexibilisierung der Personalausstattung sowie die institutionelle und strukturelle Öffnung von Organisationen in Richtung mehr Agilität dar. Darauf aufbauend muss das Personalmanagement selbst durch neue Arbeitsweisen und Praktiken innovativer werden und zusätzlich zu seinem stabilen Kern ein zweites agiles Betriebssystem entwickeln. Das zeitlich und strukturell abgestimmte Zusammenspiel des stabilen und agilen Betriebssystems ermöglicht dann die gleichzeitige Nutzung von exploitativen und explorativen Praktiken. Um die Agilitätsagenda des Personalmanagements weiter voranzutreiben, benötigt es einen systematischen Umgang mit der Bedeutung unterschiedlicher Agilitätsdimensionen, die Entwicklung von Instrumenten sowie Zielsetzungen, die ein agiles Personalmanagement verfolgen sollte.
In dieser Ausarbeitung wird eine zeitliche Vorhersage von Erdbeben getroffen. Hierfür werden mit einem Datensatz aus Labor-Erdbeben Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) trainiert. Die trainierten Netzwerke geben Vorhersagen, indem sie einen Input an seismischen Daten klassifizieren. Durch das Klassifizieren kann das CNN die zeitliche Entfernung zum nächsten Erdbeben vorhersagen. Es werden hierfür zwei Ansätze miteinander verglichen. Beim ersten Ansatz werden die Originaldaten in ein CNN gegeben. Beim zweiten Ansatz wird vor dem CNN eine Vorverarbeitung der Daten mit den Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) durchgeführt. Es zeigt sich, dass mit beiden Ansätzen eine gute Klassifikation möglich ist. Die Kombination aus MFCC und CNN liefert die besseren quantitativen Ergebnisse. Hierbei konnte eine Genauigkeit von 65 % erreicht werden.
Woven piezoelectric sensors as part of the textile reinforcement of fiber reinforced plastics
(2019)
Sensor integration in fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) structures enables online process and structural health monitoring (SHM). This paper describes the development and application of woven fabric-based piezoelectric impact and bending sensors for integration into FRP. The work focuses on design and characterization of woven piezoelectric sensors, especially as a part of the reinforcement structure. The reinforcement of the component acts as a sensor in itself and therefore no additional external objects in the form of sensor components or sensor fibers, which could create unwanted weak points within the FRP, are added. The bending test results reveal a direct relationship between the applied load and the sensor signal. Furthermore, the appropriate sensor position in the component cross section was determined and the influence of thermal polarization on the sensor properties was investigated.
Das Pariser Klimaschutzabkommen von 2015 fordert die Begrenzung der globalen Erwärmung auf "deutlich unter" 2 Grad Celsius gegenüber der vorindustriellen Zeit. Zwar wurde es von der internationalen Staatengemeinschaft anerkannt, jedoch reichen die national festgelegten Beiträge (NDCs) bisher nicht aus, um das Ziel zu erreichen. Neben der "Emissionslücke" besteht eine große Kluft zwischen naturwissenschaftlichem und öffentlichem Verständnis über den Klimawandel. Während die Besorgnis über den Klimawandel steigt, sehen die meisten Menschen den Klimawandel nicht als ernsthafte Bedrohung für sich selbst und Ansichten über den Klimawandel sind politisch polarisiert. Konventionelle Kommunikationsansätze haben die Lücke zwischen dem wissenschaftlichen und öffentlichen Verständnis über die durch den Klimawandel entstehenden Bedrohungen nicht geschlossen. Hier wird mit dem simulationsbasierten Rollenspiel World Climate ein innovativer Ansatz für die Klimakommunikation vorgestellt: ein soziales, einnehmendes Rollenspiel bei der Entscheidungsfindung im Klimaschutz ist mit einem interaktiven Computermodell kombiniert, das eine sofortige Rückmeldung über die erwarteten Ergebnisse von Entscheidungen liefert. Die Teilnehmenden erfahren mehr über den Klimawandel und erleben sogleich die soziale Dynamik der Verhandlungen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer Studie über Auswirkungen von World Climate präsentiert.
Auch das Liquiditäts- und Working Capital Management unterliegt einem ständigen Wandel. So hatte die Liquiditätssicherung nach Ausbruch der Finanzkrise 2008/09 in vielen Unternehmen höchste Priorität. In Zeiten niedriger Zinsen können die Kapitalkosten vernachlässigt werden, wodurch die Notwendigkeit sinkt, Bestände des Working Capital zu reduzieren. Bei steigenden Zinsen und/oder einer schwachen konjunkturellen Entwicklung verschärft sich dagegen der Zielkonflikt zwischen Sicherheit und Rentabilität.
Mögliche Verbesserungen ergeben sich beim Liquiditäts- und Working Capital Management durch die Digitalisierung, die den Informationsaustausch zwischen dem Unternehmen und seinemn Supply-Chain-Partnern beschleunigt. Damit lässt sich an vielen Stellen des Wertschöpfungsprozesses die Effizienz steigern.
Am Beispiel von zwei Unternehmen mit stark unterschiedlichen Strom- und Wärmebedarfswerten zeigt sich, dass aufgrund einer Amortisationszeit im günstigsten Fall von etwa 2 Jahren der Einsatz von Blockheizkraftwerken in jedem Fall wirtschaftlich lohnenswert ist. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Auslegung des Blockheizkraftwerkes stark von den Strom- und Wärmebedarfswerten abhängt und dass der Pufferspeicher keinesfalls zu klein ausgelegt werden sollte. Das gute wirtschaftliche Ergebnis gilt bereits für den standardmäßig eingesetzten wärmegeführten Betrieb des Blockheizkraftwerkes, wobei eine intelligente stromoptimierte Steuerung mit Lastspitzenmanagement die Wirtschaftlichkeit weiter verbessert. Grundsätzlich ist darauf zu achten, dass Blockheizkraftwerke auf einen längerfristigen Betrieb ausgelegt sind. Bei jährlichen Betriebszeiten von 4.000 Stunden bis 8.000 Stunden ergibt sich ein Betrieb des Blockheizkraftwerkes über 6 bis 12 Jahre.
Die digitale Transformation verändert branchenübergreifend Geschäftsmodelle und ist damit ein Schlüssel für den langfristigen Unternehmenserfolg. In der Praxis scheitert sie jedoch häufig an der richtigen Umsetzung. Der Digital-Business-Excellence-Ansatz soll Unternehmen helfen, den digitalen Wandel erfolgreich zu gestalten.
Context: Organizations are increasingly challenged by dynamic and technical market environments. Traditional product roadmapping practices such as detailed and fixed long-term planning typically fail in such environments. Therefore, companies are actively seeking ways to improve their product roadmapping approach. Goal: This paper aims at identifying problems and challenges with respect to product roadmapping. In addition, it aims at understanding how companies succeed in improving their roadmapping practices in their respective company contexts. The study focuses on mid-sized and large companies developing software-intensive products in dynamic and technical market environments. Method: We conducted semi structured expert interviews with 15 experts from 13 German companies and conducted a thematic data analysis. Results: The analysis showed that a significant number of companies is still struggling with traditional feature based product-roadmapping and opinion based prioritization of features. The most promising areas for improvement are stating the outcomes a company is trying to achieve and making them part of the roadmap, sharing or co-developing the roadmap with stakeholders, and the establishing discovery activities.
Among the multitude of software development processes available, hardly any is used by the book. Regardless of company size or industry sector, a majority of project teams and companies use customized processes that combine different development methods— so-called hybrid development methods. Even though such hybrid development methods are highly individualized, a common understanding of how to systematically construct synergetic practices is missing. In this paper, we make a first step towards devising such guidelines. Grounded in 1,467 data points from a large-scale online survey among practitioners, we study the current state of practice in process use to answer the question: What are hybrid development methods made of? Our findings reveal that only eight methods and few practices build the core of modern software development. This small set allows for statistically constructing hybrid development methods. Using an 85% agreement level in the participants’ selections, we provide two examples illustrating how hybrid development methods are characterized by the practices they are made of. Our evidence-based analysis approach lays the foundation for devising hybrid development methods.
Water jacket systems are routinely used to control the temperature of Petri dish cell culture chambers. Despite their widespread use, the thermal characteristics of such systems have not been fully investigated. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive set of theoretical, numerical and experimental analyses to investigate the thermal characteristics of Petri dish chambers under stable and transient conditions. In particular, we investigated the temperature gradient along the radial axis of the Petri dish under stable conditions, and the transition period under transient conditions. Our studies indicate a radial temperature gradient of 3.3 °C along with a transition period of 27.5 min when increasing the sample temperature from 37 to 45 °C for a standard 35 mm diameter Petri dish. We characterized the temperature gradient and transition period under various operational, geometric, and environmental conditions. Under stable conditions, reducing the diameter of the Petri dish and incorporating a heater underneath the Petri dish can effectively reduce the temperature gradient across the sample. In comparison, under transient conditions, reducing the diameter of the Petri dish, reducing sample volume, and using glass Petri dish chambers can reduce the transition period.
Nur auf den ersten Blick erscheint es unschlüssig, Entscheidungen von Managern einerseits und Wildwasserfahren andererseits im Zusammenhang zu sehen. Der Autor kennt beide Seiten. Seit Jahrzehnten ist er mit dem Wildwasserfahren im Kajak vertraut. Vor der Berufung zum Professor hat er im Management mittelgroßer Unternehmen bis hin zu großen Konzernen gearbeitet, zuletzt als Geschäftsführer im Anlagenbau und in der Energiewirtschaft. Bereits damals erinnerten ihn das chaotische und turbulente Wildwasser an entsprechende Vorgänge im Unternehmen.
100 Jahre nach der Gründung des Bauhauses betrete ich die Bauhaus Universität Weimar und frage mich, wie das wohl damals war? Vor 100 Jahren haben Gropius, Muche, Mies van der Rohe, Schlemmer und Itten Vorlesungen hier gehalten und jetzt bin ich dran. Wir schreiben Geschichte! Deren Geist weht immer noch in den original erhaltenen Gebäuden und Räumen. Bei der genaueren Betrachtung des Bauhauses, das Weltruhm erlangt hat, kann man einiges lernen. Beispielsweise lohnt die Überlegung, was das Marketing vom Bauhaus lernen kann.
Die meisten Manager-Jobs im Bundesliga-Fußball gehen an ehemalige Spieler. Also an Männer, die ihr Leben früh dem Fußball gewidmet und auf eine spezifische Sportmanagement-Ausbildung verzichtet haben. Bei den Vereinen findet heute ein Umdenken statt - ein erster Club bietet durch ein Konzept ganz neue Möglichkeiten: Der VFB Stuttgart hat mit der "VfB Stuttgart Akademie" ein regionales Netzwerk für Bildung geschaffen, das in Deutschland einzigartig ist.
Das Flaggschiff der VfB Stuttgart Akademie ist der sogenannte "VfB-Master", ein berufsbegleitendes Masterstudium namens "MBA Leadership and Sports Management", das eigens für die VfB Stuttgart Akademie von der HfWU Nürtingen-Geislingen und dem Deutschen Institut für Sportmarketing in enger Abstimmung mit dem VfB Stuttgart maßgeschneidert entwickelt wurde und das die beiden Themen Sport und Wirtschaft auf außergewöhnliche Art und Weise miteinander verknüpft.
Jeder weiß, dass die Textil- und Bekleidungsindustrie ein Nachhaltigkeitsproblem hat und es neuer Lösungsansätze bedarf. Auch Konsumenten und deren Verhalten haben einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Erfolgsaussichten einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung. Welche Rolle und Bedeutung obliegt jedoch dem einzelnen Mitarbeiter in diesem Prozess? Und welche Handlungsmaßnahmen können daraus abgeleitet werden? Eine empirische Analyse von über 100 internationalen Bekleidungsunternehmen gibt Aufschluss.
Michael Wörz erfüllte 26 Jahre lang das Amt und die Aufgabe des Referenten für Technik- und Wirtschaftsethik an den Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften des Landes Baden-Württemberg. Ihm war die Interdisziplinarität, die diese Aufgaben erfordern würde, in sein berufliches Stammbuch geschrieben. Ein Ingenieur, der Philosophie studierte und dort promovierte, der zudem sein wissenschaftliches Schaffen aus der Perspektive der Theorien eines Soziologen vorantrieb, hatte gelernt, interdisziplinär zu denken und zu arbeiten. Ihm fiel die Aufgabe zu, das zum Überleben künftiger Generationen fachübergreifende, notwendige Wissen in die akademische Ausbildung der Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften zu tragen, und das hat Michael Wörz über die Jahre seiner Amtszeit wahrlich getan. Neben diesen Aufgaben eines engagierten und innovativen Hochschullehrers war er auch in der Politik ein streitbarer Vertreter der Ethik und der Nachhaltigen Entwicklung, der geholfen hat, den Lehrenden an den Hochschulen den Weg zu bereiten.
In this paper we describe an interactive web-based visual analysis tool for Formula one races. It first provides an overview about all races on a yearly basis in a calendar-like representation. From this starting point, races can be selected and visually inspected in detail. We support a dynamic race position diagram as well as a more detailed lap times line plot for showing the drivers’ lap times in comparison. Many interaction techniques are supported like selections, filtering, highlighting, color coding, or details-on demand. We illustrate the usefulness of our visualization tool by applying it to a Formula one dataset while we describe the different dynamic visual racing patterns for a number of selected races and drivers.
Ein virtuelles Kraftwerk ist ein Verbund von Energieanlagen, koordiniert von einem gemeinsamen Leitsystem, um eine bessere Ausnutzung wetterabhängiger Energiequellen oder die gemeinsame Vermarktung von erzeugtem Strom zu ermöglichen. Der Demonstrator Virtuelles Kraftwerk Neckar-Alb ist eine Demonstrationsplattform für Forschung und Lehre, die Anlagen auf dem Campus der Hochschule Reutlingen und verteilte Anlagen in der Region Neckar-Alb integriert.
The Virtual Power Plant Neckar-Alb is a demonstration platform for operation, optimization and control of distributed energy resources, which are able to produce, store or consume electric energy. A heterogeneous set of distributed energy devices has been installed at the Campus of Reutlingen University by the Reutlingen Energy Centre (REZ) of the School of Engineering. The distributed energy devices have been combined to local microgrids and connected to an operative central power plant with additional participants. The demonstration platform serves students, researchers and industry experts for education and investigation of new technologies, devices and software.
Eine der Hauptaufgaben der Ethik als wissenschaftlicher Disziplin ist es, dem Menschen Entscheidungshilfen für Situationen zu geben, in denen jede denkbare Handlungsalternative Vor- und/oder Nachteile hat, die ohne Weiteres nicht gegeneinander abgewogen werden können. Diese Situation wird als "Dilemma" bezeichnet.
Dilemma-Situationen treten immer dann auf, wenn sich die moralisch-ethische Bewertung einer Situation von der Bewertung unterscheidet, die durch korrekte Anwendung der gesetzlichen Grundlagen vorgeschrieben wird. Menschen in der Verwaltung sind daher in besonderem Maße der Gefahr von Zielkonflikten ausgesetzt.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Fehlspannung eines Stromrichters, an den eine Last, insbesondere in Form einer Drehfeldmaschine wie Asynchronmaschine, angeschlossen ist, bestimmt und ggf. kompensiert wird, wobei eine Ausgangsspannung an dem Stromrichter stufen- oder schrittweise erhöht und der sich hierbei als Sprungantwort einstellende Strom gemessen wird. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Drehfeldmaschine beispielsweise in Form einer Asynchronmaschine, mit einer Leistungselektronik umfassend einen tromrichter sowie einer Kompensationseinrichtung zum Kompensieren der Fehlspannung des Stromrichters, sowie weiterhin ein Verfahren zum Betreiben und/oder Steuern einer solchen Drehfeldmaschine, bei dem die Fehlspannung des Stromrichters bestimmt und kompensiert wird.
Private equity (PE) firms are investment firms that acquire equity shares in companies. The goal of PE firms is to exit the investment after few years with a substantial increase in value. PE firms often claim to outperform the market, i.e. to create alpha.
The overall aim of this paper is to unravel the mystery of value creation in the PE industry. First, the author presents a conceptual framework for value creation in the PE industry based on a multiple valuation model that breaks down value creation into different elements. Second, the paper evaluates whether PE firms really create value by analysing and combining results from prior empirical studies based on the conceptual framework.
The results show that existing empirical evidence is mixed but that there is indeed a tendency toward a positive evidence that PE firms create economic value in average. However, there are methodological difficulties in measuring the value creation and studies are often subject to bias. Finally, it is pointed out that the question whether PE firms really create value has to be viewed from different perspectives such as the perspective of the PE firm, the investors and the portfolio companies.
In addition to increased safety by detecting possible overload, continuous component monitoring by sensor integration makes the use of fiber reinforced plastics more cost-effective. Since the components are continuously monitored, one can switch from time-based to condition-based maintenance. However, the integration of conventional sensor components causes weak points, as foreign objects are inserted into the reinforcing structure. In this paper, we examine the use of the textile reinforcement as a sensor in itself. We describe how bending sensors can be formed by slightly modifying in the composite’s reinforcement structure. We investigated two different sensor principles. (1) The integration of textile plate capacitors into the structure; (2) The construction of textile piezo elements as part of the reinforcing structure. The bending test results reveal that textile plate capacitors show a load-dependent signal output. The samples with textile piezo elements show a significant increase in signal strength.
The desire to combine advanced user friendly interfaces with a product personality communicating environmental friendliness to customers poses new challenges for car interior designers, as little research has been carried out in this field to date. In this paper, the creation of three personas aimed at defining key German car users with pro environmental behaviour is presented. After collecting ethnographic data of potential drivers through literature review, information about generation and Euro car segment led to the definition of three key user groups. The resulting personas were applied to determine the most important interaction points in car interior. Finally, present design cues of eco-friendly product personality developed in the field of automotive design were explored. Our work presents three strategic directions for the design development of future in-car user interfaces named as a) foster multimodal mobility; b) emphasize the interlinkage economy - sustainable driving; and c) highlight new technological developments. The presented results are meant as an impulse for developers to fit the needs of green customers and drivers when designing user-friendly HMI components.
Digital light microscopy techniques are among the most widely used methods in cell biology and medical research. Despite that, the automated classification of objects such as cells or specific parts of tissues in images is difficult. We present an approach to classify confluent cell layers in microscopy images by learned deep correlation features using deep neural networks. These deep correlation features are generated through the use of gram-based correlation features and are input to a neural network for learning the correlation between them. In this work we wanted to prove if a representation of cell data based on this is suitable for its classification as has been done for artworks with respect to their artistic period. The method generates images that contain recognizable characteristics of a specific cell type, for example, the average size and the ordered pattern.
Software evolvability is an important quality attribute, yet one difficult to grasp. A certain base level of it is allegedly provided by service- and microservice-based systems, but many software professionals lack systematic understanding of the reasons and preconditions for this. We address this issue via the proxy of architectural modifiability tactics. By qualitatively mapping principles and patterns of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and microservices onto tactics and analyzing the results, we cannot only generate insights into service-oriented evolution qualities, but can also provide a modifiability comparison of the two popular service-based architectural styles. The results suggest that both SOA and microservices possess several inherent qualities beneficial for software evolution. While both focus strongly on loose coupling and encapsulation, there are also differences in the way they strive for modifiability (e.g. governance vs. evolutionary design). To leverage the insights of this research, however, it is necessary to find practical ways to incorporate the results as guidance into the software development process.
The coupling of the heat and power sector is required as supply and demand in the German electricity mix drift further and further apart with a high percentage of renewable energy. Heat pumps in combination with thermal energy storage systems can be a useful way to couple the heat and power sectors. This paper presents a hardware-in the-loop test bench for experimental investigation of optimized control strategies for heat pumps. 24-hour experiments are carried out to test whether the heat pump is able to serve optimized schedules generated by a MATLAB algorithm. The results show that the heat pump is capable of following the generated schedules, and the maximum deviation of the operational time between schedule and experiment is only 3%. Additionally, the system can serve the demand for space heating and DHW at any time.
Hauptziel des Projektes war zum einen die Entwicklung einer validen Testmethode auf Grundlage vorliegender Normen, welche die in der betrieblichen Praxis auftretende Degradation abreinigbarer Filtermedien (hohe Temperaturen, aggressive chemische Atmosphären) praxisnah abbilden kann. Die Methode sollte auch die mechanische Alterung der Medien durch Staubbeaufschlagung sowie Abreinigungs Druckstöße berücksichtigen (DIN ISO 11057). Innerhalb des Projektes konnten umfangreiche Praxiserfahrungen mit der Inbetriebnahme und dem Betrieb einer schadgasbeaufschlagten, temperierbaren Testkammer zur chemischen Alterung von Filtermedien auf Grundlage der Vorgaben der DIN EN ISO 16891 gewonnen werden. Sollen vergleichbare Prüfdaten für mehrere Proben verlässlich ermittelt werden, sind bei den Untersuchungen demnach umfangreiche Randbedingungen zu beachten. Insbesondere zeigten die Untersuchungen den hohen technischen Aufwand zur Durchführung der Filtertests auf, welche nicht zuletzt auch aufgrund der erforderlichen Sicherheitstechnik und langen Untersuchungsdauer eine Umsetzung insbesondere bei KMU aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen erschwert ist. Es konnte weiter dargestellt werden, dass die Kombination von chemisch-thermischer und mechanisch(-thermischer) Alterung durch den Einsatz verschiedener Prüfeinrichtungen grundsätzlich umsetzbar ist. Die im Rahmen des Vorhabens entwickelte Testmethode einer chemischen Alterung der Filtermatrices durch Gasphasenexposition in einer Druckkammer ermöglicht kürzere Beanspruchungszeiträume bei reduziertem zu behandelnden Schadgasanfall und kann damit den wirtschaftlichen Betrieb eines entsprechenden Prüfstandes ermöglichen. Kombiniert mit der externen mechanischen Alterung durch Staubbeaufschlagung und Möglichkeit der parallelen Temperaturaufprägung gem. EN ISO 16891 auf mehrere Filtermedien-Proben lässt sich das thermisch, chemisch und mechanisch induzierte Degradationsverhalten von Filtermedien ggf. realitätsnah und mit wirtschaftlich vertretbarem Aufwand in eine Prüfvorschrift überführen. Entsprechende Validierungsarbeiten sind Bestandteil eines aktuell gestarteten Folgeprojektes. Das zweite Hauptziel des Projektes war es Ausrüstungen zu entwickeln, die zu einer verbesserten Beständigkeit gegenüber aggressiven Komponenten führen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass mit dem Sol-Gelverfahren mechanisch stabile Beschichtungen auf Faservlies dauerhaft aufgetragen werden konnten, welche insbesondere die chemisch induzierte Degradation von Aramiden reduzieren können. Bei Aramiden handelt es sich um relativ teure Hochleistungsmaterialien, von welchen bekannt ist, dass ihre Beständigkeit sowohl gegen über UV-Strahlung als auch unterschiedlichen Schadgasen gering ist. Daher stellen die Beständigkeit der Materialien verbessernde Ausrüstungen eine wichtige Entwicklung für Unternehmen dar, um auf diese Weise beständigere Aramid-basierte Produkte zu erhalten. Als besonders geeignet stellten sich dabei Fluorcarbonausrüstungen, organisch-anorganische Hybride auf Basis von GPTMS und Zirkonium-haltige Ausrüstungen heraus.
Welche Trends beeinflussen die Customer-Journey im B-to-B und wie wird sie in naher Zukunft aussehen? Dieser Beitrag wirft einen Blick auf zukünftige Trends, welche die Customer-Journey im B-to-B erheblich beeinflussen werden. Exemplarisch wird die Ausgestaltung und Optimierung der zukünftigen Customer-Journey mittels Lead-Profiling am Beispiel der Künstlichen Intelligenz aufgezeigt, bei der neue Technologien Daten nutzbringend verwenden. Darüber hinaus steht die Customer-Journey-Transformation im Mittelpunkt. Schließlich ist es doch gerade die komplexe Transformation der Customer-Journey, die aufgrund ihrer Komplexität häufig von den Unternehmen vernachlässigt wird.
Due to the consequential impact of technological breakdowns, companies have to be prepared to deal with breakdowns or even better prevent them. In today's information technology, several methods and tools exist to downscale this concern. Therefore, this paper deals with the initial determination of a resilient enterprise architecture supporting predictive maintenance in the information technology domain and furthermore, concerns several mechanisms on how to reactively and proactively secure the state of resiliency on several abstraction levels. The objective of this paper is to give an overview on existing mechanisms for resiliency and to describe the foundation of an optimized approach, combining infrastructure and process mining techniques.
A large body of literature is concerned with models of presence— the sensory illusion of being part of a virtual scene— but there is still no general agreement on how to measure it objectively and reliably. For the presented study, we applied contemporary theory to measure presence in virtual reality. Thirty-seven participants explored an existing commercial game in order to complete a collection task. Two startle events were naturally embedded in the game progression to evoke physical reactions and head tracking data was collected in response to these events. Subjective presence was recorded using a post-study questionnaire and real-time assessments. Our novel implementation of behavioral measures lead to insights which could inform future presence research: We propose a measure in which startle reflexes are evoked through specific events in the virtual environment, and head tracking data is compared to the range and speed of baseline interactions.
Continuous refactoring is necessary to maintain source code quality and to cope with technical debt. Since manual refactoring is inefficient and error prone, various solutions for automated refactoring have been proposed in the past. However, empirical studies have shown that these solutions are not widely accepted by software developers and most refactorings are still performed manually. For example, developers reported that refactoring tools should support functionality for reviewing changes. They also criticized that introducing such tools would require substantial effort for configuration and integration into the current development environment.
In this paper, we present our work towards the Refactoring-Bot, an autonomous bot that integrates into the team like a human developer via the existing version control platform. The bot automatically performs refactorings to resolve code smells and presents the changes to a developer for asynchronous review via pull requests. This way, developers are not interrupted in their workflow and can review the changes at any time with familiar tools. Proposed refactorings can then be integrated into the code base via the push of a button. We elaborate on our vision, discuss design decisions, describe the current state of development, and give an outlook on planned development and research activities.
While the concepts of object-oriented antipatterns and code smells are prevalent in scientific literature and have been popularized by tools like SonarQube, the research field for service-based antipatterns and bad smells is not as cohesive and organized. The description of these antipatterns is distributed across several publications with no holistic schema or taxonomy. Furthermore, there is currently little synergy between documented antipatterns for the architectural styles SOA and Microservices, even though several antipatterns may hold value for both. We therefore conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that identified 14 primary studies. 36 service-based antipatterns were extracted from these studies and documented with a holistic data model. We also categorized the antipatterns with a taxonomy and implemented relationships between them. Lastly, we developed a web application for convenient browsing and implemented a GitHub-based repository and workflow for the collaborative evolution of the collection. Researchers and practitioners can use the repository as a reference, for training and education, or for quality assurance.
Many start-ups are in search of cooperation partners to develop their innovative business models. In response, incumbent firms are introducing increasingly more cooperation systems to engage with start-ups. However, many of these cooperations end in failure. Although qualitative studies on cooperation models have tried to improve the effectiveness of incumbent start-up strategies, only a few have empirically examined start-up cooperation behavior. Considering the lack of adequate measurement models in current research, this paper focuses on developing a multi-item scale on cooperation behavior of start-ups, drawing from a series of qualitative and quantitative studies. The resultant scale contributes to recent research on start-up cooperation and provides a framework to add an empirical perspective to current research.
Standardisation of breath sampling is important for application of breath analysis in clinical settings. By studying the effect of room airing on indoor and breath analytes and by generating time series of room air with different sampling intervals we sought to get further insights into room air metabolism, to detect the relevance of exogenous VOCs and to make conclusions about their consideration for the interpretation of exhaled breath. Room air and exhaled breath of a healthy subject were analysed before and after room airing. Furthermore a time series of room air with doors and windows closed was taken over 84 h by an automatic sampling every 180 min. A second times series studied room air analytes over 70 h with samples taken every 16.5 min. For breath and room air measurements an IMS coupled to a multi-capillary column (IMS/MCC) [Bio-Scout® - B&S Analytik GmbH, Dortmund, Germany] was used. The peaks were characterized using the Software Visual Now (B&S Analytik, Dortmund Germany) and identified using the software package MIMA (version 1.1, provided by the Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany) and the database 20160426_SubstanzDbNIST_122 (B & S Analytik GmbH, Dortmund, Germany). In the morning 4 analytes (Decamethylcylopentasiloxane [541-02-6]; Pentan-2-one [107-87-9] – Dimer; Hexan-1-al [66-25-1]; Pentan-2-one [107-87-9]) – Monomer showed high intensities in the room air and exhaled breath. They were significantly but not equally reduced by room airing. The time series about 84 h showed a time dependent decrease of analytes (limonen-monomer and -dimer; Decamethylcylopentasiloxane, Butan-1-ol, Butan-1-ol) as well as increase (Pentan-2-one [107-87-9] – Dimer). Shorter sampling intervals exhibited circadian variations of analyte concentrations for many analytes. Breath sampling in the morning needs room airing before starting. Then the variation of the intensity of indoor analytes can be kept small. The time series of indoor analytes show, that their intensities have a different behaviour, with time dependent declines, constant increases and circadian variations, dependent on room airing. This has implications on the breath sampling procedure and the intrepretation of exhaled breath.
The use of gamification in workplace learning to encourage employee motivation and engagement
(2019)
When we think about playing a game, be it a card game, board game, sport, or video game, we generally associate the act of playing with a positive experience like having fun, enjoying the interaction with others, or feeling a greater motivation to reach a certain goal. By contrast, workplace learning is often perceived as being dull. Employees are likely at some point in their career to find themselves stuck in a rigidly defined seminar for a long period of time or in front of their computer navigating through a mandatory e-learning course on a dry topic such as standards of business conduct of safety policies.
In recent years, organizations have tried to leverage the motivating quality of games for more serious learning contexts. Gamification entails transferring those elements and principles from games to nongaming context that improve user experience and engagement. In this chapter, we will specifically focus on the context of workplace learning.
Due to the rising need for palliative care in Russia, it is crucial to provide timely and high-quality solutions for patients, relatives, and caregivers. A methodology for remote monitoring of patients in need of palliative care and the requirements will be developed for a hardware-software complex for remote monitoring of patients' health at home.
The sound of brands
(2019)
The aim of this research paper is to both examine and conceptualise the concept of audio branding. Audio branding is an important part of the overall brand management concept and corporate identity. Strong brands ease the choice for customers and convey values and a certain quality promise. Branding is of vital importance. It needs to be acknowledged that only 0.004% of all outer stimuli reach the human consciousness. Therefore, audio branding is a way to further strengthen the overall brand awareness. This leads to an emotional connection with a brand.
This study strives to determine the characteristics of audio branding and to analyse the corporate audio branding of Audi. The result of this research study is the suggestion of the use of audio branding in a way that fits the overall brand picture. Otherwise, the brand communication is inconsistent, and this could lead to a misunderstanding of the brand values for customers. The analysis of the Audi corporate sound design might be beneficial for practitioners. The overall evaluation of the concept of audio branding contributes to the existing body of literature in branding.
The relevance of technology knowledge in digital transformation especially in small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) that are still largely dependent on physical human capital has become increasingly obvious. This is due to the rapid revolution in business environment coupled with increased living examples of firms disrupted by advancement in technological knowledge. Consequently, we find it progressively vital for SMEs to spot and mitigate both threats and take advantage of opportunities arising from digital transformation dynamism.
Our study aims at exploring the relevance of technology knowledge in SMEs for digital transformation to uncover the opportunities, roadmaps, and models that SMEs can take advantage of in the digital transformation and gain a competitive edge.
We conclude that irrespective relevance of technology knowledge for digital transformation coupled with its low costs and accessibility, SMEs are yet to realize the full potential of technological knowledge. This is mainly due to technologies appearing, changing and also vanishing so rapidly in the digital age, that gaining proper understanding without dedicated resources is utterly difficult for SMEs - making them less competitive as incumbent large firms in the market.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating effect of psychological contract breach on the relationship between job insecurity and counterproductive workplace behavior (CWB) and the moderating effect of employment status in this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 212 supervisor–subordinate dyads in a large Chinese state-owned air transportation group. AMOS 17.0 software was used to examine the hypothesized predictions and the theoretical model.
Findings – The results showed that psychological contract breach partially mediates the effect of job insecurity on CWB, including organizational counterproductive workplace behavior and interpersonal counterproductive workplace behavior. In addition, the relationships between job insecurity, psychological contract breach and CWB differ significantly between permanent workers and contract workers.
Originality/value – The present study provides a new insight into explaining the linkage between job insecurity and negative work behaviors as well as suggestions to managers on minimizing the harmful effects of job insecurity.
In standardized sectors such as the automotive, the cost-benefit ratio of automation solutions is high as they contribute to increase capacity, decrease costs and improve product quality. In less standardized application fields, the contribution of automation to improvements in capacity, cost and quality blurs. The automation of complex and unstructured tasks requires sophisticated, expensive and low-performing systems, whose impact on product quality is oftentimes not directly perceived by customers. As a result, the full automation of process chains in the general manufacturing or the logistic sectors is often a sub optimal solution. Taking the distance from the false idea that a process should be either fully automated, or fully manual, this paper presents a novel heuristic method for design of lean human-robot interaction, the Quality Interaction Function Deployment, with the objective of the “right level of automation”. Functions are divided among human and automated agents and several automation scenarios are created and evaluated with respect to their compliance to the requirements of all process´ stakeholders. As a result, synergies among operators (manual tasks) and machines (automated tasks) are improved, thus reducing time-losses and increasing productivity.
Context: Organizations are increasingly challenged by high market dynamics, rapidly evolving technologies and shifting user expectations. In consequence, many organizations are struggling with their ability to provide reliable product roadmaps by applying traditional roadmapping approaches. Currently, many companies are seeking opportunities to improve their product roadmapping practices and strive for new roadmapping approaches. A typical first step towards advancing the roadmapping capabilities of an organization is to assess the current situation. Therefore, the so-called maturity model DEEP for assessing the product roadmapping capabilities of companies operating in dynamic and uncertain environments has been developed and published by the authors.
Objective: The aim of this article is to conduct an initial validation of the DEEP model in order to understand its applicability better and to see if important concepts are missing. In addition, the aim of this article is to evolve the model based on the findings from the initial validation.
Method: The model has been given to practitioners such as product managers with the request to perform a self-assessment of the current product roadmapping practices in their company. Afterwards, interviews with each participant have been conducted in order to gain insights.
Results: The initial validation revealed that some of the stages of the model need to be rearranged and minor usability issues were found. The overall structure of the model was well received. The study resulted in the development of the version 1.1 of the DEEP product roadmap maturity model which is also presented in this article.
The paper describes a new stimulus using learning factories and an academic research programme - an M.Sc. in Digital Industrial Management and Engineering (DIME) comprising a double degree - to enhance international collaboration between four partner universities. The programme will be structured in such a way as to maintain or improve the level of innovation at the learning factories of each partner. The partners agreed to use Learning Factory focus areas along with DIME learning modules to stimulate international collaboration. Furthermore, they identified several research areas within the framework of the DIME program to encourage horizontal and vertical collaboration. Vertical collaboration connects faculty expertise across the Learning Factory network to advance knowledge in one of the focus areas, while Horizontal collaboration connects knowledge and expertise across multiple focus areas. Together they offer a platform for students to develop disciplinary and cross-disciplinary applied research skills necessary for addressing the complex challenges faced by industry. Hence, the university partners have the opportunity to develop the learning factory capabilities in alignment with the smart manufacturing concept. The learning factory is thus an important pillar in this venture. While postgraduate students/researchers in the DIME program are the enablers to ensure the success of entire projects, the learning factory provides a learning environment which is entirely conducive to fostering these successful collaborations. Ultimately, the partners are focussed on utilising smart technologies in line with the digitalization of the production process.
The digital age makes it possible to be globally networked at any time. Digital communication is therefore an important aspect of today’s world. Hence, the further development and expansion of this is becoming increasingly important. Even within a wireless system, copper channels are important as part of the overall network. Given the need to keep pushing at the current limitations, careful design of the cables in connection with an adapted coding of the bits is essential to transmit more and more data.
One of the most popular and widespread cabling technologies is symmetrical copper cabling [1, pp. 8-15]. It is also known as Twisted Pair and it is of immense importance for the cabling of communication networks.
At the time of writing this thesis, data rates of up to 10 GBit/s over a transmission distance of 100 m and 40 GBit/s over a transmission distance of 30 m are standardized for symmetrical copper cabling [2]. Other lengths are not standardized. Short lengths in particular are of great interest for copper cables, because copper cables are usually used for short distances, such as between computers and the campus network or within data centres.
This work has focused on the transmission of higher order Pulse Amplitude Modulation and the associated transmission performance. The central research question is:“how well can we optimize the transmission technique in order to be able to maximise the data bandwidth over Ethernet cable and, given that remote powering is also a significant application of these cables, how much will the resulting heating affect this transmission and what can be done to mitigate that?”
To answer this question, the cable parameters are first examined. A series of spectral measurements, such as Insertion Loss, Return Loss, Near End Crosstalk and Far End Crosstalk, provide information about the electromagnetic interference and the influence of the ohmic resistance on the signal. Based on these findings, the first theoretical statements and calculations can be made. In the next step, data transmissions over different transmission lengths are realized. The examination of the eye diagrams of the different transmission approaches ultimately provides information about the signal quality of the transmissions. An overview of the maximum transmission rate depending on the transmission distance shows the potential for different applications.
Furthermore, the simultaneous transmission of energy and data is a significant advantage of copper. However, the resulting heat development has an influence on the data transmission. Therefore, the influence of the ambient temperature of cables is investigated in the last part and changes in the signal quality are clarified.