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Erfolg durch Kooperation
(2009)
Im dritten Jahr der Rezession drehte sich in Mailand alles um die italienische Lebensart und um das Erbe der großen Designer. Die spektakulären Inszenierungen fehlten weitgehend auf der Messe und in den Schauräumen rund um die Via Durini, dafür hatte man sich auf das Produkt konzentriert. Wiederbelebung der Erfolgsmodelle, Überarbeitung in Material und Farbe, Fokus auf große Namen, das waren die Botschaften in Mailand. Eine menschlich existentielle Antwort auf die Krise der letzten Jahre, aber auch Hoffnung und Aufbruchsstimmung waren zu spüren. Die Eurozone erholt sich, politischer Neubeginn und selbstbewusste Kommunikation italienischer Kultur in Stil und Design, das waren die Botschaften, die die Messe und auch die Aussteller des "Fuorisalone" vermittelten.
Dynamik beim Schleifen
(2014)
Schleifen ist ein Bearbeitungsverfahren zur Erzeugung höchster Oberflächengenauigkeiten. In vielen Fällen sind geschliffene Oberflächen Funktionsflächen der späteren Bauteile, bei denen es nicht nur auf die Maß- und Formhaltigkeit, sondern auch auf die Rauheit und das optische Erscheinungsbild ankommt. Doch viele Einflussgrößen aller an der Zerspanung beteiligten Komponenten können das Schleifergebnis trüben. An der FH Reutlingen forscht man daran, diese Einflussgrößen in den Griff zu bekommen.
To improve the energy conversion efficiency of solar organic cells, the clue may lie in the development of devices inspired by an efficient light harvesting mechanism of some aquatic photosynthetic microorganisms that are adapted to low light intensity. Consequently, we investigated the pathways of excitation energy transfer (EET) from successive light harvesting pigments to the low energy level inside the phycobiliprotein antenna system of Acaryochloris marina, a cyanobacterium, using a time resolved absorption difference spectroscopy with a resolution time of 200 fs. The objective was to understand the actual biochemical process and pathways that determine the EET mechanism. Anisotropy of the EET pathway was calculated from the absorption change trace in order to determine the contribution of excitonic coupling. The results reveal a new electron energy relaxation pathway of 14 ps inside the phycocyanin component, which runs from phycocyanin to the terminal emitter. The bleaching of the 660 nm band suggests a broader absorption of the terminal emitter between 660 nm and 675 nm. Further, there are trimer depolarization kinetics of 450 fs and 500 fs in high and low ionic strength, respectively, which arise from the relaxation of the β84 and α84 in adjacent monomers of phycocyanin. Under conditions of low ionic strength buffer solution, the evolution of the kinetic amplitude during the depolarization of the trimer is suggestive of trimer conservation within the phycocyanin hexamer. The anisotropy values were 0.38 and 0.40 in high and in low ionic strength, respectively, indicating that there is no excitonic delocalization in the high energy level of phycocyanin hexamers.
The spreading area of cells has been shown to play a central role in the determination of cell fate and tissue morphogenesis; however, a clear understanding of how spread cell area is determined is still lacking. The observation that cell area and force generally increase with substrate rigidity suggests that cell area is dictated mechanically, by means of a force-balance between the cell and the substrate. A simple mechanical model, corroborated by experimental measurements of cell area and force is presented to analyze the temporal force balance between the cell and the substrate during spreading. The cell is modeled as a thin elastic disc that is actively pulled by lamellipodia protrusions at the cell front. The essential molecular mechanisms of the motor activity at the cell front, including, actin polymerization, adhesion kinetics, and the actin retrograde flow, are accounted for and used to predict the dynamics of cell spreading on elastic substrates; simple, closed-form expressions for the evolution of cell size and force are derived. Time-resolved, traction force microscopy, combined with measurements of cell area are performed to investigate the simultaneous variations of cell size and force. We find that cell area and force increase simultaneously during spreading but the force develops with an apparent delay relative to the increase in cell area. We demonstrate that this may reflect the strain-stiffening property of the cytoskeleton. We further demonstrate that the radial cell force is a concave function of spreading speed and that this may reflect the strengthening of cell–substrate adhesions during spreading.
The surface properties of human meibomian lipids (MGS), the major constituent of the tear film (TF) lipid layer, are of key importance for TF stability. The dynamic interfacial properties of films by MGS from normal eyes (nMGS) and eyes with meibomian gland dysfunction (dMGS) were studied using a Langmuir surface balance. The behavior of the samples during dynamic area changes was evaluated by surface pressure–area isotherms and isocycles. The surface dilatational rheology of the films was examined in the frequency range 10−5 to 1 Hz by the stress-relaxation method. A significant difference was found, with dMGS showing slow viscosity-dominated relaxation at 10−4 to 10−3 Hz, whereas nMGS remained predominantly elastic over the whole range. A Cole–Cole plot revealed two characteristic processes contributing to the relaxation, fast (on the scale of characteristic time τ < 5 s) and slow (τ > 100 s), the latter prevailing in dMGS films. Brewster angle microscopy revealed better spreading of nMGS at the air–water interface, whereas dMGS layers were non-uniform and patchy. The distinctions in the interfacial properties of the films in vitro correlated with the accelerated degradation of meibum layer pattern at the air–tear interface and with the decreased stability of TF in vivo. These results, and also recent findings on the modest capability of meibum to suppress the evaporation of the aqueous subphase, suggest the need for a re-evaluation of the role of MGS. The probable key function of meibomian lipids might be to form viscoelastic films capable of opposing dilation of the air–tear interface. The impact of temperature on the meibum surface properties is discussed in terms of its possible effect on the normal structure of the film.
As businesses grow and diversify, they almost inevitably make their range of offerings more complex. Complexity brings costs - but smart use of today’s digital technologies can help companies finesse the trade-offs between complexity´s costs and benefits. Imagine a retailer that has 10 million products and hundreds of variations for each product yet keeps it simple for customers to make a choice. Impossible? Not today. Amazon.com Inc. creates value from its product complexity with simple customer-facing processes, such as search, ratings, reviews and suggestions. Now imagine a diversified high-tech company with locally differentiated products in 60 categories in more than 100 different countries. A mess of internal processes and systems? Not necessarily. Royal Philips creates value by providing locally relevant products to different markets, while keeping the vast majority of its processes standardized on digitized platforms. Until now, managing business complexity has usually involved a trade-off. This trade-off forced companies to compromise between creating value from complexity and benefiting from the efficiencies of simplicity. As businesses entered new geographies, developed new products, opened new channels and added more granular customer segments, they made their offerings more complex with the intention of adding value. But, as an almost inevitable consequence, companies also made it more difficult for customers to interact with the company and more unwieldy for employees to get things done. However, with today´s increased digitization, companies can finesse this trade-off; they can increase valueadding complexity in their product offerings while keeping processes for customers and employees simple. Our research suggests that companies operating in this "complexity sweet spot" outperform their competitors on profitability. In this article, we explain how companies achieve this breakthrough in the digital world.
The number of publications in the field of breath analysis using different types of ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) has increased over the last few years. In this paper, the publications between 2010 and 2013 are reviewed with respect to different types of IMS such as differential mobility spectrometers, high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometers and multi-capillary columns coupled to conventional IMS. The analytes detected by IMS and declared with significance to a specific medical question were considered further with respect to medical and analytical questions. In total, 42 different analytes were found to be detected using IMS on a high significance level and were compared to findings using other analytical methods with respect to the individual analyte.
In breath analysis, ambient air contaminations are ubiquitous and difficult to eliminate. This study was designed to investigate the reduction of ambient air background by a lung wash-out with synthetic air. The reduction of the initial ambient air volatile organic compound (VOC) intensity was investigated in the breath of 20 volunteers inhaling synthetic air via a sealed full face mask in comparison to inhaling ambient air. Over a period of 30 minutes, breath analysis was conducted using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to a multi-capillary column. A total of 68 VOCs were identified for inhaling ambient air or inhaling synthetic air. By treatment with synthetic air, 39 VOCs decreased in intensity, whereas 29 increased in comparison to inhaling ambient air. In total, seven VOCs were significantly reduced (P-value < 0.05). A complete wash-out of VOCs in this setting was not observed, whereby a statistically significant reduction up to 65% as for terpinolene was achieved. Our setting successfully demonstrated a reduction of ambient air contaminations from the airways by a lung wash-out with synthetic air.
Rats are commonly used in medical research as they enable a high grade of standardization. The exhalome of ventilated rats has not as yet been investigated using an ion mobility spectrometer coupled with a multi-capillary column (MCC-IMS). As a first step, a rat model has to be established to measure potential biomarkers in the exhale with long-term settings, allowing constant and continuous analysis of exhaled air in time series. Therefore, eight animals were anaesthetized, prepared and ventilated for 1 h. A total of 73 peaks were directly detected with the IMS chromatogram. Thirty five of them were assigned to the ventilator system and 38 to the animals. Peak intensity varied within three measurements. The intensity of analytes of individual rats varied by a factor of up to 18. This new model will also enable continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from rat's breath in long-term experiments. It is hoped that, in the future, variability and progression of VOCs can be monitored in different models of diseases using this set-up.
Die Regulierung von Banken, Finanzinstituten und Ratingagenturen ist nicht zuletzt seit der letzten Finanzkrise wieder in den Fokus von Politik und Wissenschft geraten. Zahlreiche Banken sind noch aufgrund staatlicher Beteiligungen unter besonderer Aufsicht und gerade in den europäischen Staaten mit hoher Verschuldung wird den Banken eine Mitschuld an der Krise gegeben. Im Fokus sind immer wieder auch die Ratingagenturen, die durch angebliche Fehlurteile und intransparente Methoden und Modelle Unternehmen und Staaten mit ihren Bonitätsurteilen vermeintlich diskriminieren und deren Finanzierungsspielräume einengen. Der Wunsch nach stärkerer Regulierung und Transparenz ist auch im Wahlkampf zum Europaparlament die letzten Wochen erneut spürbar gewesen. Der folgende Beitrag will die historischen Entwicklungen der Regulierungsstufen von Basel I bis Basel III aufzeigen und gleichzeitig die relevanten Institutionen und Normen vorstellen, um auf Basis dieser Übersicht eine kritische Würdigung und Diskussion anzustoßen.
Dass sich durch die vierte industrielle Revolution etwas ändern wird, steht außer Frage. Nur was genau? Fakt ist: Unternehmen der neuen und alten Ökonomie treffen aufeinander und müssen sich vernetzen. Isoliertes Handeln ist keine Option, Unternehmen müssen sich vernetzen. Die Effizienz der Produktionsprozesse kann durch den Einsatz von intelligenter Software und Sensortechnologie sowie die Vernetzung mit Zulieferern und Kunden gesteigert werden. Die Stärke der neuen Ökonomien wird auch in der "alten" Industrie einen Wandel der Arbeitswelt nach sich ziehen.
Ambush marketing in sports
(2014)
A sports event organizer sells exclusive marketing rights for his event to official sponsors, who, in return, acquire exclusive options to utilize the event for their own advertising purposes. Ambush marketing is the practice by companies of using their own marketing, particularly marketing communications activities, to create an impression of an association with the event to the event audience, although the companies in question have no legal or only underprivileged or non-exclusive marketing rights for this event sponsored by third parties. So, the objective of ambush marketing is to benefit from the success of sports sponsorship without having the duties of an official sponsor.
It is fine line between creative marketing communication and infringing on sponsorship rights. From the perspective of the event organizers and sports sponsors ambush marketing represents an understandable threat, while from the perspective of the ambushers it offers the opportunity to reach the target audience in an attractive environment and at affordable cost. The paper defines and structures the phenomenon of ambush marketing and analyses the impacts of ambush marketing in sports. The results of an empirical study on the effects of ambush marketing in the frame of the FIFA Soccer World cup are presented and discussed.
2004 veröffentlichten Mark Zuckerberg und seine Mitbegründer Dustin Moskovitz, Chris Hughes und Eduardo Saverin "The Facebook" von ihrem Harvard-Wohnheimzimmer aus. In nur einem Jahr konnte Facebook seine Nutzerzahl auf eine Million steigern. Im Juli 2010 knackte das soziale Netzwerk bereits die 500-Millionen-Grenze.
Influence of the respirator on volatile organic compounds : an animal study in rats over 24 hours
(2015)
Long-term animal studies are needed to accomplish measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for medical diagnostics. In order to analyze the time course of VOCs, it is necessary to ventilate these animals. Therefore, a total of 10 male Sprague–Dawley rats were anaesthetized and ventilated with synthetic air via tracheotomy for 24 h. An ion mobility spectrometry coupled to multi-capillary columns (MCC–IMS) was used to analyze the expired air. To identify background contaminations produced by the respirator itself, six comparative measurements were conducted with ventilators only. Overall, a number of 37 peaks could be detected within the positive mode. According to the ratio peak intensity rat/ peak intensity ventilator blank, 22 peaks with a ratio >1.5 were defined as expired VOCs, 12 peaks with a ratio between 0.5 and 1.5 as unaffected VOCs, and three peaks with a ratio <0.5 as resorbed VOCs. The peak intensity of 12 expired VOCs changed significantly during the 24 h measurement. These results represent the basis for future intervention studies. Notably, online VOC analysis with MCC–IMS is possible over 24 h in ventilated rats and allows different experimental approaches.
Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is a widely used and `well-known’ technique of ion separation in the gaseous phase based on the differences in ion mobilities under an electric field. All IMS instruments operate with an electric field that provides space separation, but some IMS instruments also operate with a drift gas flow that provides also a temporal separation. In this review we will summarize the current IMS instrumentation. IMS techniques have received an increased interest as new instrumentation and have become available to be coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). For each of the eight types of IMS instruments reviewed it is mentioned whether they can be hyphenated with MS and whether they are commercially available. Finally, out of the described devices, the six most-consolidated ones are compared. The current review article is followed by a companion review article which details the IMS hyphenated techniques (mainly gas chromatography and mass spectrometry) and the factors that make the data from an IMS device change as a function of device parameters and sampling conditions. These reviews will provide the reader with an insightful view of the main characteristics and aspects of the IMS technique.
Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) is a widely used and ‘well-known’ technique of ion separation in the gaseous phase based on the differences of ion mobilities under an electric field. This technique has received increased interest over the last several decades as evidenced by the pace and advances of new IMS devices available. In this review we explore the hyphenated techniques that are used with IMS, specifically mass spectrometry as an identification approach and a multi-capillary column as a pre-separation approach. Also, we will pay special attention to the key figures of merit of the ion mobility spectrum and how data sets are treated, and the influences of the experimental parameters on both conventional drift time IMS (DTIMS) and miniaturized IMS also known as high Field Asymmetric IMS (FAIMS) in the planar configuration. The present review article is preceded by a companion review article which details the current instrumentation and contains the sections that configure both conventional DTIMS and FAIMS devices. These reviews will give the reader an insightful view of the main characteristics and aspects of the IMS technique.
Mastering of complex systems and interfaces, idea and innovation management as well as virtually integrated product and process planning are essential competences to be developed and fostered to cope with the changing role of the workforce in a future industry 4.0 work system. Learning factories, like the Logistics Learning Factory at Reutlingen University, which are equipped with state-of-the-art infrastructure, offer a high potential to decidedly address these competences.
A behavior marker for measuring non-technical skills of software professionals : an empirical study
(2015)
Managers recognize that software development teams need to be developed. Although technical skills are necessary, non-technical (NT) skills are equally, if not more, necessary for project success. Currently, there are no proven tools to measure the NT skills of software developers or software development teams. Behavioral markers (observable behaviors that have positive or negative impacts on individual or team performance) are successfully used by airline and medical industries to measure NT skill performance. This research developed and validated a behavior marker tool rated video clips of software development teams. The initial results show that the behavior marker tool can be reliably used with minimal training.
The establishment of adipose tissue test systems is still a major challenge in the investigation of cellular and molecular interactions responsible for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases involving adipose tissue. Mature adipocytes are mainly involved in these pathologies, but rarely used in vitro, due to the lack of an appropriate culture medium which inhibits dedifferentiation and maintains adipocyte functionality. In our study, we showed that Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium/Ham's F-12 with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) reported for the culture of mature adipocytes favors dedifferentiation, which was accompanied by a high glycerol release, a decreasing release of leptin, and a low expression of the adipocyte marker perilipin A, but high expression of CD73 after 21 days. Optimized media containing FCS, biotin, pantothenate, insulin, and dexamethasone decelerated the dedifferentiation process. These cells showed a lower lipolysis rate, a high level of leptin release, as well as a high expression of perilipin A. CD73-positive dedifferentiated fat cells were only found in low quantity. In this work, we showed that mature adipocytes when cultured under optimized conditions could be highly valuable for adipose tissue engineering in vitro.
We presented our robot framework and our efforts to make face analysis more robust towards self-occlusion caused by head pose. By using a lightweight linear fitting algorithm, we are able to obtain 3D models of human faces in real-time. The combination of adaptive tracking and 3D face modelling for the analysis of human faces is used as a basis for further research on human-machine interaction on our SCITOS robot platform.
In der Konsumentenforschung werden bei der Analyse von Kaufentscheidungen zwei Dimensionen unterschieden, die das Entscheidungsverhalten des Kunden maßgeblich beeinflussen, das bei der Entscheidung wahrgenommene Risiko (rationale Komponente) und die Motivation oder Lust des Kunden, sich mit dem Objekt der Entscheidung intensiv auseinander zu setzen und sich zu informieren (emotionale Komponente). Bei Digital Natives lohnt sich eine genauere Betrachtung.
Bekanntlich spielen betriebswirtschaftliche Inhalte in der pharmazeutischen Ausbildung so gut wie keine Rolle, schließlich arbeiten die meisten Absolventen/innen dieses Studiengangs später in einer Offizin-Apotheke. Doch gerade in dieser Funktion werden sie zunehmend auch mit wirtschaftlichen Herausforderungen konfrontiert. Nicht nur als Apothekeninhaber. Welche sind dies?
Anhaltend hohe Mitarbeitermotivation ist die zentrale Voraussetzung für erfolgreichen Vertrieb. Doch viel zu häufig versuchen Unternehmen, ihre Vertriebsmitarbeiter allein durch Einzelimpulse und durchsichtige Anreizsysteme zu motivieren. Dies kann nicht gelingen. Stattdessen sind eine langfristige Perspektive und ein intelligenter Mix verschiedener Instrumente nötig.
This article highlights three major outcomes from global employability surveys about the topic of gender diversity. Students and graduates of two master programs at ESB Business School of Reutlingen University in Germany were asked about their study programs, their expected and their realized career paths, and their individual well-being. This article highlights selected gender differences that were discovered in the analysis and underlines results on specific gender issues. The three major outcomes are: firstly, men and women work in different industries, functions, and leadership positions; secondly, there is a potential for unfulfilled expectations of young managers regarding their achievement of certain positions and the realization of their private goals; thirdly, by looking at the graduates’ career paths in combination with their well-being, a low level of satisfaction with work-life balance and high levels of stress could be identified. The results give valuable insights into the conceptual world of students at the beginning of their career and as future managers. Looking at gender differences and gender issues leads to interesting findings which can be used for further research and discussions at ESB Business School. By contrasting the outcomes of the alumni survey with outcomes of the student survey, significant differences between the awareness of students and the reality of the graduates concerning gender diversity issues were discovered. The disclosed gap between students’ expectations and the real-life situations of the alumni indicates further areas for discussion. One major question is how students can cope with these challenges and issues of gender diversity management in future management positions as (female) managers while taking corporate social responsibility into consideration.
In der vorliegenden Studie werden typische, kommerziell erhältliche und mit unterschiedlichen Lacksystemen beschichtete MDF für den Küchenbereich hinsichtlich ihres Emissionsverhaltens und deren Oberflächeneigenschaften verglichen: wasserlack-, lösungsmittellack- und pulverlackbasierte Oberflächen. Es zeigt sich, dass eine Pulverlackierung insgesamt zu höherwertigen Produkten führt, sowohl in Bezug auf Kratzbeständigkeit, Haftung und Beständigkeit gegen feuchte Hitze als auch insbesondere in Bezug auf VOC-Emissionen. Die Wasserlackoberflächen schnitten hinsichtlich ihres Emissionsverhaltens deutlich besser ab als die lösemittelbasierten Beschichtungssysteme und zeigten in Bezug auf die Oberflächeneigenschaften mit einer Ausnahme vergleichbare Kennwerte.
Die ITMA 2015 vom 12.-19. November 2015 in Mailand/Italien wartete mit neuen Rekorden auf. Die Anzahl der Aussteller stieg gegenüber der ITMA 2011 um 25% auf fast 1700 Aussteller. Besucherzahlen und Messefläche waren um 20% höher als 2011. Laut der Umfrage des VDMA sowie der Messegespräche des Autors waren die ausstellenden Firmen sehr zufrieden mit der Qualität und Anzahl der Gespräche, vor allem konnten auch viele neue Kunden gewonnen werden. Weiterhin ergab die VDMA-Umfrage, dass 74% der deutschen Firmen schon während der Messe Verträge und Verhandlungen abschlossen. Hervorzuheben ist das Messegeschäft des belgischen Webmaschinenherstellers Picanol, welcher hunderte von Webmaschinen direkt auf der Messe verkaufte. Auch die Einschätzung bzgl. des Nachmessegeschäfts wurde als gut bis sehr gut eingestuft. Dies ist eine sehr erfreuliche Entwicklung im Vergleich zu den beiden vorhergehenden ITMAs.
Die Übertragung von Strukturen und Funktionen aus der Biologie in technische Produkte, Bionik, erfährt in den letzten Jahren zunehmendes Interesse. Die meisten Lebewesen sind aus faserverstärkten Strukturmaterialien aufgebaut und eignen sich daher hervorragend als Ideengeber für die Entwicklung innovativer bionischer Produkte unter Verwendung von technischen Textilien bzw. Faserverbundmaterialien. Dies wird am Beispiel verzweigter und unverzweigter Faserverbundstrukturen und von bionischen Fassadenverschattungssystemen exemplarisch gezeigt.
Um einen reibungslosen Produktionsablauf zu gewährleisten und Produktionsstillstände zu vermeiden, ist eine kontinuierliche Materialverfügbarkeit erforderlich. Bei der Auswahl von Materialbereitstellungsprinzipien gilt es, unternehmensspezifische Gegebenheiten zu berücksichtigen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel der ERBE Elektromedizin GmbH, Tübingen, ein mögliches Vorgehen.
Die aktuellen Umbrüche in der Energiewirtschaft, hauptsächlich ausgelöst durch die zunehmende Dezentralisierung der Stromerzeugung, stellen die Energieversorgungsunternehmen (EVU) vor große Herausforderungen. Gleichzeitig steigt die Wettbewerbsintensität durch den digitalisierungsbedingten Einstieg branchenfremder Unternehmen stark an. Die technologischen, gesellschaftlichen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Trends und Entwicklungen deuten darüber hinaus darauf hin, dass sich Tempo und Ausmaß dieses Umbruchs in Zukunft noch verstärken werden. EVU sehen sich demnach wachsenden Anforderungen hinsichtlich Energieeffizienz, Integration von erneuerbaren Energien und Kundenbedürfnissen gegenüber, die teilweise disruptive Anpassungen in Strategie und Geschäftsmodellen erforderlich machen. Die zu beantwortende Frage hierbei ist: Wie können innovative Geschäftsmodelle entwickelt und umgesetzt werden?
Im Zuge des Lean Managements die Prozesse nach ökonomischen Aspekten zu optimieren, gehört für die meisten Unternehmen heute zum Standard. Die wenigsten beziehen bislang allerdings ökologische Aspekte mit ein - obwohl auch das zur Wirtschaftlichkeit beiträgt. Voraussetzung für eine stetige Reduzierung von Energieverbrauch und Emissionen ist erstens ein systematisches Vorgehen. Zweitens bedarf es exakter Kennzahlen, die in Echtzeit verfügbar sind.
Herein the optimization of the physicochemical properties and surface biocompatibility of polyelectrolyte multilayers of the natural, biocompatible and biodegradable, linear polysaccharides hyaluronan and chitosan by Hofmeister anions was systematically investigated. We demonstrated that there is an interconnection between the bulk and surface properties of HA/Chi multilayers both varying in accordance with the arrangement of the anions in the Hofmeister series. Kosmotropic anions increased the hydration, thickness, micro- and macro-roughness, and hydrophilicity and improved the biocompatibility of the films by reduction (2 orders of magnitude) of the films stiffness and complete anti-thrombogenicity.
Die "économie des conventions" (EC) leistet einen wertvollen Beitrag dazu, das Geschehen in und zwischen Organisationen zu erklären und kann Führungskräfte dabei unterstützen, reflektierte und fundierte Entscheidungen zu treffen. Der Beitrag zeigt dies exemplarisch anhand einer Personalentscheidung auf. Dadurch bekommen interessierte PraktikerInnen, denen diese Theorie bislang fremd ist, einen ersten Einblick in die Relevanz der "économie des conventions" (EC) für ihre Arbeit.
Die Leistungsfähigkeit und Effizienz von Werkzeugmaschinen wird maßgeblich durch die optimale Gestaltung dieser beeinflusst...Dabei ist eine auf den Anwendungsfall hin optimierte Gestaltung erforderlich. Die Anforderungen werden durch die Bearbeitungsprozesse (z.B. Fräsen, Bohren), die Werkstückwerkstoffe (z.B. Aluminium, Gusseisen, Stahl) oder die Schneidstoffe (z.B. HSS, Hartmetall, CBN, PKD) maßgeblich beeinflusst. In den vergangenen Jahren wurde das Thema der Energieeffizienz immer stärker adressiert. Dabei ist immer das gesamte System der Prozesskette und der für die einzelnen Prozessschritte eingesetzten Anlagen zu betrachten.
One-pot synthesis of micron partly hollow anisotropic dumbbell shaped silica core-shell particles
(2016)
A facile method is described to prepare micron partly hollow dumbbell silica particles in a single step. The obtained particles consist of a large dense part and a small hollow lobe. The spherical dense core as well as the hollow lobe are covered by mesoporous channels. In the case of a smaller lobe these channels are responsible for the permeability of the shell which was demonstrated by confocal imaging and spectroscopy.
ITMA 2015 which took place from November 12-19, 2015, in Milan/Italy showed new record results. The number of exhibitors rose in comparison to ITMA 2011 by 25% to nearly 1,700 exhibitors, and visitors and exhibition space rose by 20%. A survey by the German Textile Machinery Association (VDMA) and interviews at the fair conducted by the author showed that the exhibiting companies were highly satisfied with the quality and the number of discussions and that many new customers could be acquired. Furthermore, the VDMA survey showed that 74% of the German companies already concluded negotiations and contracts at the show. Of particular note were the transactions of the Belgian weaving machinery manufacturer Picanol, which sold hundreds of machines directly at the fair. The estimatons regarding aftersales were also expected to be good to very good. This is a very welcome development in comparison to both preceding ITMA shows.
Learning factories present a promising environment for education, training and research, especially in manufacturing related areas which are a main driver for wealth creation in any nation. While numerous learning factories have been built in industry and academia in the last decades, a comprehensive scientific overview of the topic is still missing. This paper intends to close this gap establishing the state of the art of learning factories. The motivations, historic background, and the didactic foundations of learning factories are outlined. Definitions of the term learning factory and the corresponding morphological model are provided. An overview of existing learning factory approaches in industry and academia is provided, showing the broad range of different applications and varying contents. The state of the art of learning factories curricula design and their use to enhance learning and research as well as potentials and limitations are presented. Conclusions and an outlook on further research priorities are offered.
Um einen Funksensor zum Messen der Windgeschwindigkeit per Energy Harvesting mit Energie zu versorgen, bietet es sich an, das Messsignal selbst zur Energiegewinnung zu nutzen. Mit optimierter Funkübertragung und Energiemanagement lässt sich ein autarker Windstärke-Funksensor realisieren, der ab 2 m/s Windgeschwindigkeiten messen und die Messwerte per Funk übertragen kann.
Das Knie ist das am häufigsten von Verletzungen betroffene Gelenk beim Skifahren. Durch die Messung bestimmter Einflussfaktoren, wie Kniewinkel und Muskelaktivität, kann eine Aussage über die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer drohenden Verletzung getroffen werden. Diese Daten können als Basis genutzt werden, um eine entsprechende Reaktion des Bindungssystems des Skis hervorzurufen. Durch die automatische Auslösung der Skibindung bei der Überschreitung der Grenzwerte wird das Knie entlastet, um möglichen Verletzungen vorzubeugen. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts der TU München wurde von einem Team der TU München und der Hochschule Reutlingen eine Skiunterhose entwickelt, mit der in Echtzeit der Kniewinkel erfasst und drahtlos an eine Auswerteeinheit gesendet werden kann.
Despite the significant potential offered by the powder coating process for finishing wood-based materials, until now it has been used almost exclusively for coating Medium Density Fiber Board (MDF). A research project aims to develop processes and substrate materials that will allow lightweight boards to be powder coated.
Though bioprinting is a forward-looking approach in bone tissue engineering, the development of bioinks which are on the one hand processable with the chosen printing technique, and on the other hand possess the relevant mechanical as well as osteoconductive features remains a challenge. In the present study, polymer solutions based on methacrylated gelatin and methacrylated hyaluronic acid modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles (5 wt%) were prepared. Encapsulation of primary human adipose derived stem cells in the HAp-containing gels and culture for 28 d resulted in a storage moduli significantly increased to 126% ± 9.6% compared to the value on day 1 by the sole influence of the HAp. Additional use of osteogenic media components resulted in an increase of storage module up to 199% ± 27.8%. Similarly, the loss moduli was increased to 370% ± 122.1% under the influence of osteogenic media components and HAp. Those changes in rheological material characteristics indicate a distinct change in elastic and viscous hydrogel properties, and are attributed to extensive matrix production in the hydrogels by the encapsulated cells, what could also be proven by staining of bone matrix components like collagen I, fibronectin, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin. When using the cell-laden polymer solutions as bioinks to build up relevant geometries, the ink showed excellent printability and the printed grid structure's integrity remained intact over a culture time of 28 d. Again, an intense matrix formation as well as upregulation of osteogenic markers by the encapsulated cells could be shown. In conclusion, we demonstrated that our HAp-containing bioinks and hydrogels on basis of methacrylated gelatin and hyaluronic acid are on the one hand highly suitable for the build up of relevant three-dimensional geometries with microextrusion bioprinting, and on the other hand exhibit a significant positive effect on bone matrix development and remodeling in the hydrogels, as indicated by rheological measurements and staining of bone components. This makes the developed composite hydrogels an excellent material for bone bioprinting approaches.
Ziel eines aktuellen Forschungsprojektes an der Hochschule Reutlingen, das gemeinsam mit dem Ingenieurbüro Ganssloser und der Universität Tübingen durchgeführt wird, ist es, Flexibilitäten in Unternehmen, die im Verbund als virtuelles Kraftwerk am Strommarkt agieren, zu erkennen und nutzbar zu machen. Zu diesem Zweck soll eine Steuerbox für Industrie- und Gewerbebetriebe entwickelt werden, die einerseits mit der zentralen Leitwarte des virtuellen Kraftwerks kommuniziert und andererseits die Anlagen des Unternehmens so steuert, dass die zur Verfügung stehenden Flexibilitäten möglichst optimal genutzt werden. Die Hochschule Reutlingen beschäftigt sich innterhalb des Projekts mit der Erkennung und Beschreibung von Flexibilitäten in Unternehmen.
Saving energy and road safety became important in the last decades, hence several driving assistant systems were developed that help to improve the driving behaviour. However, these driving systems cover the area of either energy-efficiency or safety. Furthermore, they do not consider the reaction of the driver to a shown recommendation and the driver stress level. In this paper, the decision process of showing a recommendation to the driver in an energy-efficient and safety relevant driving system is presented. The decision process considers the driver's reaction to a shown recommendation and the driver stress in order to increase the user acceptance and the road safety. The results of the evaluation showed that the driving system was able to show recommendations when needed, while suppressing recommendations when the driver ignored a recommendation repeatedly or when the driver was in stress.
Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic. Currently, it is not possible to routinely measure blood concentration of the drug in real time. However, multi-capillary column ion-mobility spectrometry of exhaled gas can estimate blood propofol concentration.Unfortunately, adhesion of volatile propofol on plastic materials complicates measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the extent to which volatile propofol adheres to various plastics used in sampling tubing. Perfluoralkoxy (PFA), polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), polyurethane (PUR), silicone, and Tygon tubing were investigated in an experimental setting using a calibration gas generator (HovaCAL). Propofol gas was measured for one hour at 26 °C, 50 °C, and 90 °C tubing temperature. Test tubing segments were then flushed with N2 to quantify desorption. PUR and Tygon sample tubing absorbed all volatile propofol. The silicone tubing reached the maximum propofol concentration after 119 min which was 29 min after propofol gas exposure stopped. The use of PFAor PTFE tubing produced comparable and reasonably accurate propofol measurements. The desaturation time for the PFA was 10 min shorter at 26 °C than for PTFE. PFA tubing thus seems most suitable for measurement of volatile propofol,with PTFE as an alternative.
We report the temperature dependence of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) of individual photosystem I (PSI) complexes from Thermosynechococcus elongatus (T. elongatus) coupled to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). A strong temperature dependence of shape and intensity of the emission spectra is observed when PSI is coupled to AuNPs. For each temperature, the enhancement factor (EF) is calculated by comparing the intensity of individual AuNP-coupled PSI to the mean intensity of ‘uncoupled’ PSI. At cryogenic temperature (1.6 K) the average EF was 4.3-fold. Upon increasing the temperature to 250 K the EF increases to 84-fold. Single complexes show even higher EFs up to 441.0-fold. At increasing temperatures the different spectral pools of PSI from T. elongatus become distinguishable. These pools are affected differently by the plasmonic interactions and show different enhancements. The remarkable increase of the EFs is explained by a rate model including the temperature dependence of the fluorescence yield of PSI and the spectral overlap between absorption and emission spectra of AuNPs and PSI, respectively.
Durch den Anstieg volatiler Stromerzeugung aus Wind und Sonne benötigt die deutsche Energiewirtschaft in zunehmendem Ausmaß flexibel verfügbare Leistung und Arbeit. Diese Flexibiliät können bspw. Batteriespeicher bereitstellen. In welchem Ausmaß jene diese Rolle übernehmen können und somit der Markt wachsen wird, hängt von der Professionalität der Marktakteure und den Umfeldparametern ab. Wenn diese stimmen, steigen Akteure in die Entwicklung von Geschäftsmodellen ein. Gleichzeitig streben sie an, die Weiterentwicklung dieser Umfeldparameter im eigenen Interesse zu beeinflussen, womit ein weiteres Marktpotenzial entsteht.Im Folgenden werden erkennbare Geschäftsmodelle aufgezeigt und in den Kontext der Ergebnisse aktueller Potenzialanalysen gestellt. Dabei entwickeln sich die zwei Teilmärkte für Batteriespeicher - Heimspeicher und Großspeicher - unter unterschiedlichen Rahmenbedingungen.