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Transaction processing is of growing importance for mobile computing. Booking tickets, flight reservation, banking, ePayment, and booking holiday arrangements are just a few examples for mobile transactions. Due to temporarily disconnected situations the synchronisation and consistent transaction processing are key issues. Serializability is a too strong criteria for correctness when the semantics of a transaction is known. We introduce a transaction model that allows higher concurrency for a certain class of transactions defined by its semantic. The transaction results are ”escrow serializable” and the synchronisation mechanism is non-blocking. Experimental implementation showed higher concurrency, transaction throughput, and less resources used than common locking or optimistic protocols.
Modern web-based applications are often built as multi-tier architecture using persistence middleware. Middleware technology providers recommend the use of Optimistic Concurrency Control (OCC) mechanism to avoid the risk of blocked resources. However, most vendors of relational database management systems implement only locking schemes for concurrency control. As consequence a kind of OCC has to be implemented at client or middleware side.
A simple Row Version Verification (RVV) mechanism has been proposed to implement an OCC at client side. For performance reasons the middleware uses buffers (cache) of its own to avoid network traffic and possible disk I/O. This caching however complicates the use of RVV because the data in the middleware cache may be stale (outdated). We investigate various data access technologies, including the new Java Persistence API (JPA) and Microsoft’s LINQ technologies for their ability to use the RVV programming discipline.
The use of persistence middleware that tries to relieve the programmer from the low level transaction programming turns out to even complicate the situation in some cases.Programmed examples show how to use SQL data access patterns to solve the problem.
This work presents a disconnected transaction model able to cope with the increased complexity of longliving, hierarchically structured, and disconnected transactions. Wecombine an Open and Closed Nested Transaction Model with Optimistic Concurrency Control and interrelate flat transactions with the aforementioned complex nature. Despite temporary inconsistencies during a transaction’s execution our model ensures consistency.
Die Informatics Inside-Konferenz findet in diesem Jahr zum dritten Mal statt. Mit dem Thema "Grenzen überwinden – Virtualität erweitert Realität" stellt sich die Veranstaltung einem aktuellen Schwerpunkt, der viele Interessierte aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Forschung anzieht. Die Konferenz hat sich von einer Veranstaltung für die Masterstudenten des Studiengangs Medien- und Kommunikationsinformatik zu einer offenen Studentenkonferenz entwickelt. Um die Qualität weiter zu steigern wurde parallel dazu ein zweistufiges Review-Verfahren für Beiträge dieses Tagungsbandes eingeführt.
The Third International Conference on Advances in Databases, Knowledge, and Data Applications (DBKDA 2011) held on January 23-27, 2011 in St. Maarten, The Netherlands Antilles, continued a series of international events covering a large spectrum of topics related to advances in fundamentals on databases, evolution of relation between databases and other domains, data base technologies and content processing, as well as specifics in applications domains databases. Advances in different technologies and domains related to databases triggered substantial improvements for content processing, information indexing, and data, process and knowledge mining. The push came from Web services, artificial intelligence, and agent technologies, as well as from the generalization of the XML adoption. High-speed communications and computations, large storage capacities, and load-balancing for distributed databases access allow new approaches for content processing with incomplete patterns, advanced ranking algorithms and advanced indexing methods. Evolution on e-business, ehealth and telemedicine, bioinformatics, finance and marketing, geographical positioning systems put pressure on database communities to push the ‘de facto’ methods to support new requirements in terms of scalability, privacy, performance, indexing, and heterogeneity of both content and technology. We take this opportunity to thank all the members of the DBKDA 2011 Technical Program Committee as well as the numerous reviewers. The creation of such a broad and high-quality conference program would not have been possible without their involvement. We also kindly thank all the authors who dedicated much of their time and efforts to contribute to the DBKDA 2011. We truly believe that, thanks to all these efforts, the final conference program consists of top quality contributions. This event could also not have been a reality without the support of many individuals, organizations, and sponsors. We are grateful to the members of the DBKDA 2011 organizing committee for their help in handling the logistics and for their work to make this professional meeting a success. We hope that DBKDA 2011 was a successful international forum for the exchange of ideas and results between academia and industry and for the promotion of progress in database research. We are convinced that the participants found the event useful and communications very open. The beautiful places of St. Maarten surely provided a pleasant environment during the conference and we hope you had a chance to visit the surroundings.
In diesem Artikel wird ein neu entwickeltes Werkzeug zur Dimensionierung von Bonddrähten im ASIC-Entwurf vorgestellt. Die Berücksichtigung aller Einflussfaktoren erlaubt eine gegenüber Handrechnungen optimierte Auslegung der Bondanordnung. Dies ermöglicht zum einen die Absicherung gegen Degradationseffekte bis hin zum Durchbrennen und garantiert so die Zuverlässigkeit über die gesamte Lebensdauer. Zum anderen wird eine aus Zuverlässigkeitserwägungen resultierende Überdimensionierung vermieden.
Das Werkzeug erlaubt die Kalkulation aller für die Auslegung von Bonddrähten relevanten Parameter. Je nach Kontext der Aufgabenstellung lassen sich die Stromtragfähigkeit für Dauerstrom oder Pulsstrombelastung, kritische Temperaturen oder die maximale Bonddrahtlänge als Ausgabegrößen berechnen. Durch diese Flexibilität und die benutzerfreundliche Integration in eine industrielle Entwicklungsumgebung ist der „Bond-Rechner“ im gesamten Entwurfsverlauf einsetzbar und leistet wertvolle Hilfestellung von ersten Abschätzungen in frühen Entwurfsphasen bis hin zur abschließenden Verifikation.
Multi-dimensional patient data, such as time varying volume data, data of different imaging modalities, surface segmentations etc. are of growing importance in the clinical routine. For many use cases, it is of major importance to replicate a certain visualization of a data set created on one machine on a different computer using different software tools. Up until now, there exists no standardized methodology for this consistent presentation. We propose an extension of the Digital Imaging und Communications in Medicine (DICOM) called “Multi dimensional Presentation State” and outline scope and first results of the standardization process.
The Fourth International Conference on Advances in Databases, Knowledge, and Data Applications [DBKDA 2012], held between February 29th and March 5th, 2012 in Saint Gilles, Reunion Island, continued a series of international events covering a large spectrum of topics related to advances in fundamentals on databases, evolution of relation between databases and other domains, data base technologies and content processing, as well as specifics in applications domains databases. Advances in different technologies and domains related to databases triggered substantial improvements for content processing, information indexing, and data, process and knowledge mining. The push came from Web services, artificial intelligence, and agent technologies, as well as from the generalization of the XML adoption. High-speed communications and computations, large storage capacities, and loadbalancing for distributed databases access allow new approaches for content processing with incomplete patterns, advanced ranking algorithms and advanced indexing methods. Evolution on e-business, e-health and telemedicine, bioinformatics, finance and marketing, geographical positioning systems put pressure on database communities to push the ‘de facto’ methods to support new requirements in terms of scalability, privacy, performance, indexing, and heterogeneity of both content and technology. We take here the opportunity to warmly thank all the members of the DBKDA 2012 Technical Program Committee, as well as the numerous reviewers. The creation of such a broad and high quality conference program would not have been possible without their involvement. We also kindly thank all the authors who dedicated much of their time and efforts to contribute to DBKDA 2012. We truly believe that, thanks to all these efforts, the final conference program consisted of top quality contributions. Also, this event could not have been a reality without the support of many individuals, organizations, and sponsors. We are grateful to the members of the DBKDA 2012 organizing committee for their help in handling the logistics and for their work to make this professional meeting a success. We hope that DBKDA 2012 was a successful international forum for the exchange of ideas and results between academia and industry and for the promotion of progress in the fields of databases, knowledge, and data applications. We are convinced that the participants found the event useful and communications very open. We also hope the attendees enjoyed the charm of Saint Gilles, Reunion Island.
Ein praktikables Mittel zur Erhöhung des Automatisierungsgrads im analogen IC-Entwurf ist die Verwendung parametrisierter Zellen. Diese sogenannten pCells werden eingesetzt, um determinierte Layouts automatisch zu erzeugen, und zwar in der Regel für einzelne Bauelemente wie Transistoren oder Dioden. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt die Potenziale eines erweiterten pCell-Konzepts, mit dem determinierte Layouts als auch Schaltpläne für ganze Schaltungsmodule automatisch generiert werden können. Als Beispiel wird eine solche Modul-pCell für analoge Stromspiegel beschrieben, die nicht nur die Dimensionierung der Einzeltransistoren, sondern auch verschiedene Transistortypen, beliebige Spiegelverhältnisse und sogar mehrere Topologien sowie weitere Freiheitsgrade implementiert. Das dadurch erzielte Maß an Flexibilität erlaubt es, die zahlreichen schaltungstechnischen Varianten im Analogbereich abzudecken, die ansonsten oftmals Hürden für Automatisierungsansätze darstellen.
Das Motto der diesjährigen Konferenz lautet "Reality++: Tomorrow comes today!". Unter diesem fast schon visionären Thema werden die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Vertiefungsarbeiten aus den vergangenen Monaten präsentiert. Das Programm wird vervollständigt durch Beiträge von Experten aus der Forschung und Industrie.
New storage technologies, such as Flash and Non- Volatile Memories, with fundamentally different properties are appearing. Leveraging their performance and endurance requires a redesign of existing architecture and algorithms in modern high performance databases. Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) approaches in database systems, maintain multiple timestamped versions of a tuple. Once a transaction reads a tuple the database system tracks and returns the respective version eliminating lock-requests. Hence under MVCC reads are never blocked, which leverages well the excellent read performance (high throughput, low latency) of new storage technologies. Upon tuple updates, however, established implementations of MVCC approaches (such as Snapshot Isolation) lead to multiple random writes – caused by (i) creation of the new and (ii) in-place invalidation of the old version – thus generating suboptimal access patterns for the new storage media. The combination of an append based storage manager operating with tuple granularity and snapshot isolation addresses asymmetry and in-place updates. In this paper, we highlight novel aspects of log-based storage, in multi-version database systems on new storage media. We claim that multi-versioning and append-based storage can be used to effectively address asymmetry and endurance. We identify multi-versioning as the approach to address dataplacement in complex memory hierarchies. We focus on: version handling, (physical) version placement, compression and collocation of tuple versions on Flash storage and in complex memory hierarchies. We identify possible read- and cacherelated optimizations.
Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet die grundsätzlichen Möglichkeiten der Integration von Funktionalitäten der sozialen Medien in Unternehmen. Darauf aufbauend wird Social Commerce als zentraler Gegenstand der Unternehmensführung hergeleitet. Dabei stehen der kundenseitige Kaufprozess und dessen Schnittstellen zu Kommunikationsinstrumenten des Social Webs im Vordergrund. Gezeigt wird die Beeinflussung des individuellen Kaufprozesses durch Social Media. Diese Wirkungsdynamiken sind nachfolgend die Grundlage für die Deskription von möglichen strategischen Einsatzfeldern und Bereichen des Social Commerce in der Unternehmensführung.
This paper presents a new European initiative to support the sustainable empowerment of the ageing society. Empowerment in this context represents the capability to have a self-determined, autonomous and healthy life. The paper justifies the need of such an initiative and highlights the role that telemedicine and ambient assisted living can play in this environment.
Telemedicine is becoming an increasingly important approach to diagnostic, treat or prevent diseases. However, the usage of Information Communication Technologies in healthcare results in a considerable amount of data that must be efficiently and securely transmitted. Many manufacturers provide telemedicine platforms without regarding interoperability, mobility and collaboration. This paper describes a collaborative mobile telemonitoring platform that can use the IEEE 11073 and HL7 communication standards or adapt proprietary protocols. The proposed platform also covers the security and modularity aspects. Furthermore this work introduces an Android-based prototype implementation
Die Spannungsversorgung elektronischer Steuergeräte im Automotive-Bereich wird zunehmend durch Schaltregler sichergestellt. Der SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductance Converter) besitzt die Eigenschaft, eine Spannung aufwärts wie auch abwärts wandeln zu können und könnte somit klassische Buck- und Boost-Wandler ablösen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht den SEPIC hinsichtlich Eignung für Automotive-Anwendungen. Dazu wurde eine Groß- sowie Kleinsignalanalyse am Wandler durchgeführt, mit geeigneten Simulationsmodellen nachgebildet und Messungen gegenüber gestellt. Der SEPIC zeigt als Hauptvorteile:
1. einen verzugsfreien Übergang zwischen Buck-/Boost Betrieb, 2. geringe Eingangswelligkeit, 3.DC-Kurzschlussfestigkeit. Auch hinsichtlich Wirkungsgrad und EMV-Verhalten stellt der SEPIC eine interessante Alternative dar. Der zwischen Ein- und Ausgang liegende Kondensator wird dauerhaft von einem Strom durchflossen, auf Basis der Effektivströme wird das damit verbundene Ausfallrisiko diskutiert.
A fast transient current-mode buckboost DC-DC converter for portable devices is presented. Running at 1 MHz the converter provides stable 3 V from a 2.7 V to 4.2 V Li-Ion battery. A small voltage under-/overshoot is achieved by fast transient techniques: (1) adaptive pulse skipping (APS) and (2) adaptive compensation capacitance (ACC). The proposed converter was implemented in a 0.25 μm CMOS technology. Load transient simulations confirm the effectiveness of APS and ACC. The improvement in voltage undershoot and response time at light-to-heavy load step (100 mA to 500 mA), are 17 % and 59 %, respectively, in boost mode and 40 % and 49 %, respectively, in buck mode. Similar results are achieved at heavy-to-light load step for overshoot and response time.
Energy-efficiency and safety became an important factor for car manufacturers. Thus, the cars have been optimised regarding the energy consumption and safety by optimising for example the power train or the engine. Besides the optimisation of the car itself, energy-efficiency and safety can also be increased by adapting the individual driving behaviour to the current driving situation. This paper introduces a driving system, which is in development. Its goal is to optimise the driving behaviour in terms of energy-efficiency and safety by giving recommendations to the driver. For the creation of a recommendation the driving system monitors the driver and the current driving situation as well as the car using in-vehicle sensors and serial-bus systems. On the basis of the acquired data, the driving system will give individual energy-efficiency and safety recommendations in real-time. This will allow eliminating bad driving habits, while considering the driver needs.
The Fifth International Conference on Advances in Databases, Knowledge, and Data Applications [DBKDA 2013], held between January 27th- February 1st, 2013 in Seville, Spain, continued a series of international events covering a large spectrum of topics related to advances in fundamentals on databases, evolution of relation between databases and other domains, data base technologies and content processing, as well as specifics in applications domains databases. Advances in different technologies and domains related to databases triggered substantial improvements for content processing, information indexing, and data, process and knowledge mining. The push came from Web services, artificial intelligence, and agent technologies, as well as from the generalization of the XML adoption. High-speed communications and computations, large storage capacities, and loadbalancing for distributed databases access allow new approaches for content processing with incomplete patterns, advanced ranking algorithms and advanced indexing methods. Evolution on e-business, ehealth and telemedicine, bioinformatics, finance and marketing, geographical positioning systems put pressure on database communities to push the ‘de facto’ methods to support new requirements in terms of scalability, privacy, performance, indexing, and heterogeneity of both content and technology. We take here the opportunity to warmly thank all the members of the DBKDA 2013 Technical Program Committee, as well as the numerous reviewers. The creation of such a high quality conference program would not have been possible without their involvement. We also kindly thank all the authors who dedicated much of their time and efforts to contribute to DBKDA 2013. We truly believe that, thanks to all these efforts, the final conference program consisted of top quality contributions. Also, this event could not have been a reality without the support of many individuals, organizations, and sponsors. We are grateful to the members of the DBKDA 2013 organizing committee for their help in handling the logistics and for their work to make this professional meeting a success. We hope that DBKDA 2013 was a successful international forum for the exchange of ideas and results between academia and industry and for the promotion of progress in the fields of databases, knowledge and data applications. We are convinced that the participants found the event useful and communications very open. We also hope the attendees enjoyed the charm of Seville, Spain.
The workshop aims to discuss leading edge contributions to the interdisciplinary research area of ambient intelligence (AmI) applied to the domains of telemedicine and driving assistance. AmI refers to human centered environments attributed with sensors. The development of AmI in the two application domains of the workshop shares several commonalities: the extensive usage of networked devices and sensors, the design of artificial intelligence algorithms for diagnosis, including recommendation systems and qualitative reasoning or the application of mobile and wireless communication to their distributed systems. Together with the presentation of common aspects of Ambient Intelligence, a further goal of the workshop is to stimulate synergies among both application domains and present examples. The telemedicine domain can benefit from methodologies in designing complex devices, real-time conform system design, audiovisual or computer vision system design used in automotive driving assistance. Furthermore, the automotive domain can benefit from the usercentric view, biometric sensor data design, multi-user data bases for aggregation and diagnosis using big data like used in telemedicine. The German Government supports these research lines in its Hightec-Strategie under the domains “Health and Nutrition” and “Climate and Energy”. In Spain the term “Spanish Program for R&D Challenged Oriented Society – Challenge in energy safe, efficient and clean & Challenge in sustainable transport, smart and integrated” is used. Scientific contributions to the event are peer-reviewed by a suited program committee having members from Germany and Spain. The same committee is serving the JARCA workshop (Jornadas sobre Sistemas cualitativos y sus Aplicaciones en Diagnosis, Robótica e Inteligencia Ambiental - Conference on Qualitative Systems and their Applications in Diagnoses, Robotics and Ambient Intelligence) since 15 years. This workshop is sponsored by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) under contract number 57070010.
When forecasting sales figures, not only the sales history but also the future price of a product will influence the sales quantity. At first sight, multivariate time series seem to be the appropriate model for this task. Nontheless, in real life history is not always repeatable, i.e. in the case of sales history there is only one price for a product at a given time. This complicates the design of a multivariate time series. However, for some seasonal or perishable products the price is rather a function of the expiration date than of the sales history. This additional information can help to design a more accurate and causal time series model. The proposed solution uses an univariate time series model but takes the price of a product as a parameter that influences systematically the prediction. The price influence is computed based on historical sales data using correlation analysis and adjustable price ranges to identify products with comparable history. Compared to other techniques this novel approach is easy to compute and allows to preset the price parameter for predictions and simulations. Tests with data from the Data Mining Cup 2012 demonstrate better results than established sophisticated time series methods.
Die Wahl einer Klinik ist typischerweise dem stellvertretenden Kaufverhalten zuzuordnen – Kunden suchen vertrauenswürdige, persönliche Quellen zur Unterstützung der Entscheidung. Weiterempfehlungsverhalten kann durch Anreize unterstützt werden – grundlegende Voraussetzung für ehrliche Weiterempfehlung ist jedoch Kundenzufriedenheit. Kundenzufriedenheit entsteht durch den Abgleich zwischen erwarteter und empfundener Leistung – das erwartete Leistungsniveau wird häufig durch Unternehmen anderer Branchen determiniert. Individuen sind nicht in der Lage, die Bestandteile einer Erfahrung isoliert zu bewerten, sondern vermengen sie (Halo-Effekt) - Inkonsistenzen führen zu einer Abwertung der Gesamterfahrung. Darum ist im ersten Schritt die Identifikation der Gesamterfahrung (Kundenreise) erforderlich – diese beginnt vor und endet nach der unmittelbaren Interaktion des Kunden mit dem Unternehmen / der Klinik. Im zweiten Schritt sind die Zufriedenheitstreiber und die Interdependenzen zwischen den Einzelerfahrungen zu ermitteln um dann die Optimierung der Kundenreise zu planen und umzusetzen.
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Mobile Networks for Biometric Data Analysis (mBiDA)
(2014)
Prevention and treatment of common and widesprea (chronic) diseases is a challenge in any modern Society and vitally important for health maintenance in aging societies. Capturing biometric data is a cornerstone for any analysis and Treatment strategy. Latest advances in sensor technology allow accurate data measurement in a non-intrusive way. In many cases, it is necessary to provide online monitoring and real-time data capturing to support patients´ prevention plans or to allow medical professionals to access the current status. Different communication standards are required to push sensor data and to store and analyze them on different (mobile) platforms. The objective of the workshop is to show new and innovative approaches dedicated to biometric data capture and analysis in a non-intrusive way maintaining mobility. Examples can be found in human centered ambient intelligence attributed with sensors or even in methodologies applied in automotive real-time conform mobile system design. The workshop´s main challenge is to focus on approaches promoting non-intrusiveness, reliable prediction algorithms and high user-acceptance. The workshop will provide overview presentations, Young researcher poster tracks, doctoral tracks and classical peer-review full paper tracks. Especially, would like to encourage students and young researchers to participate and to contribute to the workshop. Scientific contributions to the event are peer-reviewed by a suited program committee.
In this paper, research projects with 30 meter balanced cabling and data rates up to 25 Gbps over one single pair are described. The project aim is to achieve 100 Gbps via a four pair balanced cabling channel. In the following, spectral characteristics of the used prototype twisted pair are presented. Therefore, the insertion loss of the single cable in comparison to the insertion loss of the cable in combination with an equalizing amplifier, as well as the group delay of the cable and the cable connected to the equalizing amplifier is shown. Furthermore, a carrierless Pulse Amplitude Modulation with 32 different levels (PAM-32) as an approach for a possible line encoding is presented. Finally, research measurements of the data transmission with a data rate up to 25 Gbps via shielded twisted pair is shown.
An index in a Multi-Version DBMS (MV-DBMS) has to reflect different tuple versions of a single data item. Existing approaches follow the paradigm of logically separating the tuple version data from the data item, e.g. an index is only allowed to return at most one version of a single data item (while it may return multiple data items that match a search criteria). Hence to determine the valid (and therefore visible) tuple version of a data item, the MV-DBMS first fetches all tuple versions that match the search criteria and subsequently filters visible versions using visibility checks. This involves I/O storage accesses to tuple versions that do not have to be fetched. In this vision paper we present the Multi Version Index (MV-IDX) approach that allows index-only visibility checks which significantly reduce the amount of I/O storage accesses as well as the index maintenance overhead. The MV-IDX achieves significantly lower response times and higher transactional throughput on OLTP workloads.
Advanced power semiconductors such as DMOS transistors are key components of modern power electronic systems. Recent discrete and integrated DMOS technologies have very low area-specific on-state resistances so that devices with small sizes can be chosen. However, their power dissipation can sometimes be large, for example in fault conditions, causing the device temperature to rise significantly. This can lead to excessive temperatures, reduced lifetime, and possibly even thermal runaway and subsequent destruction. Therefore, it is required to ensure already in the design phase that the temperature always remains in an acceptable range. This paper will show how self-heating in DMOS transistors can be experimentally determined with high accuracy. Further, it will be discussed how numerical electrothermal simulations can be carried out efficiently, allowing the accurate assessment of self-heating within a few minutes. The presented approach has been successfully verified experimentally for device temperatures exceeding 500 ◦C up to the onset of thermal runaway.
This paper presents a new broadband antenna for satellite communications. It describes the procedure involved in the design of a microstrip antenna array and its multi-level passive feed network that together yield circular polarization and the necessary gain to be used in an earth-satellite link. The designed antenna is notable for its large bandwidth, circular polarization, high gain and small dimensions.
This paper presents the design and simulation processes of an Equiangular Spiral Antenna for the extremely high frequencies between 65 GHz and 170 GHz. A new approach for the analysis of the antenna’s electrical parameters is described. This approach is based on formalism proposed by Rumsey to determine the EM field produced by an equiangular spiral antenna. Analytical expressions of the electrical parameters such as the gain or the directivity are then calculated using well sustained mathematical approximations. The comparison of obtained results with those from numerical integration methods shows a good agreement.
Functionally impaired people have problems with choosing and finding the right clothing. So, they need help in their daily life to wash and manage the clothing. The goal of this work is to support the user by giving recommendations to choose the right clothing, to find the clothing and how to wash the clothing. The idea behind eKlarA is to generate a gateway based system that uses sensors to identify the clothing and their state in the clothing cycle. The clothing cycle consists of (one and more) closet, laundry basket and washing machine in one or several places. The gateway uses the information about the clothing, weather and calendar to support the user in the different steps of the clothing cycle. This allows to give more freedom to the functionally impaired people in their daily life.
Besides the optimisation of the car, energy-efficiency and safety can also be increased by optimising the driving behaviour. Based on this fact, a driving system is in development whose goal is to educate the driver in energy-efficient and safe driving. It monitors the driver, the car and the environment and gives energy-efficiency and safety relevant recommendations. However, the driving system tries not to distract or bother the driver by giving recommendations for example during stressful driving situations or when the driver is not interested in that recommendation. Therefore, the driving system monitors the stress level of the driver as well as the reaction of the driver to a given recommendation and decides whether to give a recommendation or not. This allows to suppress recommendations when needed and, thus, to increase the road safety and the user acceptance of the driving system.
Three different polyols (soluble starch, sucrose, and glycerol) were tested for their potential in the chemical modification of melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins for paper impregnation. MF impregnated papers are widely used as finishing materials for engineered wood. These polyols were selected because the presence of multiple hydroxy groups in the molecules was suspected to facilitate cocondensation with the main MF framework. This should lead to good resin performance. Moreover, they are readily produced from natural feedstock. They are available in large quantities and may serve as economically feasible, environmentally harmless alternative co-monomers suitable to substitute a portion of fossil-based starting material. In the presented work, a number of model resins were synthesized and tested for covalent incorporation of the natural polyol into the MF Framework. Spectroscopic evidence of chemical incorporation of glycerol was found by applying by 1H, 13C, 1H/13C HSQC, 1H/13C HMBC, and 1H DOSY methods. It was furthermore found that covalent incorporation of glycerol in the network took place when glycerol was added at different stages during synthesis. Further, all resins were used to prepare decorative laminates and the performance of the novel resins as surface finishing was evaluated using standard technological tests. The technological performance of the various modified thermosetting resins was assessed by determining flow viscosity, molar mass distribution, the storage stability, and in a second step laminating impregnated paper to particle boards and testing the resulting surfaces according to standardized quality tests. In most cases, the average board surface properties were of acceptable quality. Our findings demonstrate the possibility to replace several percent of the petrol-based product melamine by compounds obtained from renewable resources.
Mass-customization is a megatrend that also affects the wood industry. To obtain individually designed laminates in batch size one efficient printing and processing technologies are required. Digital printing was envisaged as it does not depend on highly costly printing cylinders (as used in rotogravure printing) and allows rapid exchange of the printing designs. In the present work, two wellestablished digital printing approaches, the multi-pass and the single-pass technique, were investigated and evaluated for their applicability in decorating engineered wood and low-pressure melamine films. Three different possibilities of implementing digital printing in the decorative laminates manufacturing process were studied: (1) digital printing on coated chipboard and subsequently applying a lacquered top-coat or melamine overlay (designated as “direct printing”, since the LPM was the printing substrate), (2) digital printing on decorative paper which was subsequently impregnated before hot pressing (designated as “indirect printing, variant A”) and (3) digital printing on decorative paper with subsequent interlamination of the paper between impregnated under- and overlay paper layers during the pressing process (designated as “indirect printing, variant B”). Due to various advantages of the resulting cured melamine resin surfaces including a much better technological performance and flexibility in surface texture design, it was decided to industrially further pursue only the indirect digital printing process comprising interlamination and the direct printing process with a melamine overlay-finishing. Basis for the successful trials on production and laboratory scales were the identification of applicable inks (in terms of compatibility with melamine resin) and of appropriate printing paper quality (in terms of impregnation and imprinting ability). After selection and fine tuning of suitable materials, the next challenge to overcome was the initially insufficient bond strength between impregnated overlay and the ink layers which led to unsatisfactory quality of the print appearance and delamination effects. However, the optimization of the pressing program and the development of a modified impregnation procedure for the underlay and overlay papers allowed the successful implementation of digital printing in the production line of our industrial partner FunderMax.
System- und Schnittstellenbeherrschung, Ideen- und Innovationsmanagement sowie die virtuell integrierte Produkt- und Prozessplanung sind zu entwickelnde Kompetenzen, die der veränderten Rolle des Menschen in der Industrie 4.0 Rechnung tragen. Dezidiert adressiert werden können diese in zukunftsweisend ausgerüsteten Lernfabriken.
Enterprise Architectures (EA) consists of many architecture elements, which stand in manifold relationships to each other. Therefore Architecture Analysis is important and very difficult for stakeholders. Due changing an architecture element has impacts on other elements different stakeholders are involved. In practice EAs are often analyzed using visualizations. This article aims at contributing to the field of visual analytics in EAM by analyzing how state of-the-art software platforms in EAM support stakeholders with respect to providing and visualizing the “right” information for decision-making tasks. We investigate the collaborative decision-making process in an experiment with master students using professional EAM tools by developing a research study and accomplishing them in a master’s level class with students.
Analysis and planning of Enterprise Architectures (EA) is a complex task for stakeholders. The change of one architecture element has impact on multiple other elements because of manifold relationships and interactions between them. The interactive cockpit approach presented in this paper supports stakeholders planning and analyzing EAs and to tackle the intrinsic complexity. This approach supplies a cockpit with multiple viewpoints to put relevant information side-by-side without losing the context combined with interaction functionality. In this paper, we develop such cockpit starting with relevant use cases, describing a potential design based on well-established foundations in EA modeling, and outline an exemplary usage scenario.
Powder coatings provide several advantages over traditional coatings: environmental friendliness, freedom of design, robustness and resistance of surfaces, possibility to seamlessly all-around coating, fast production process, cost-effectiveness. In the last years these benefits of the powder coating technology have been adopted from metal to heat-sensitive natural fibre/ wood based substrates (especially medium density fibre boards- MDF) used for interior furniture applications. Powder coated MDF furniture parts are gaining market share already in the classic furniture applications kitchen, bathroom, living and offices. The acceptance of this product is increasing as reflected by excellent growth rates and an increasing customer base. Current efforts of the powder coating industry to develop new powders with higher reactivity (i.e. lower curing temperatures and shorter curing times; e.g. 120°C/5min) will enable the powder coating of other heat-sensitive substrates like natural fibre composites, wood plastic composites, light weight panels and different plastics in the future. The coating could be applied and cured by the conventional powder coating process (electrostatic application, and melting and curing in an IR-oven) or by a new powder coating procedure based on the in-mould-coating (IMC) technique which is already established in the plastic industry. Extra value could be added in the future by the functional powder toner printing of powder coated substrates using the electrophotographic printing technology, meeting the future demand of both individualization of the furniture part surface by applying functional 3D textures and patterns and individually created coloured images and enabling shorter delivery times for these individualized parts. The paper describes the distinctiveness of powder coating on natural fibre/ wood based substrates, the requirements of the substrate and the coating powder.
Model-guided Therapy and Surgical Workflow Systems are two interrelated research fields, which have been developed separately in the last years. To make full use of both technologies, it is necessary to integrate them and connect them to Hospital Information Systems. We propose a framework for integration of Model-guided Therapy in Hospital Information Systems based on the Electronic Medical Record, and a taskbased Workflow Management System, which is suitable for clinical end users. Two prototypes - one based on Business Process Modeling Language, one based on the serum-board - are presented. From the experience with these prototypes, we developed a novel personalized visualization system for Surgical Workflows and Model-guided Therapy. Key challenges for further development are automated situation detection and a common communication infrastructure.
Current approaches for enterprise architecture lack analytical instruments for cyclic evaluations of business and system architectures in real business enterprise system environments. This impedes the broad use of enterprise architecture methodologies. Furthermore, the permanent evolution of systems desynchronizes quickly model representation and reality. Therefore we are introducing an approach for complementing the existing top-down approach for the creation of enterprise architecture with a bottom approach. Enterprise Architecture Analytics uses the architectural information contained in many infrastructures to provide architectural information. By applying Big Data technologies it is possible to exploit this information and to create architectural information. That means, Enterprise Architectures may be discovered, analyzed and optimized using analytics. The increased availability of architectural data also improves the possibilities to verify the compliance of Enterprise Architectures. Architectural decisions are linked to clustered architecture artifacts and categories according to a holistic EAM Reference Architecture with specific architecture metamodels. A special suited EAM Maturity Framework provides the base for systematic and analytics supported assessments of architecture capabilities.
Today’s cars are characterized by many functional variants. There are many reasons for the underlying variability, from the adaptation to diverse markets to different technical aspects, which are based on a cross platform reuse of software functions. Inevitably, this variability is reflected in the model-based automotive software development. A modeling language, which is widely used for modeling embedded software in the automotive industry, is MATLAB/Simulink. There are concepts facing the high demand for a systematic handling of variability in Simulinkmodels. However, not every concept is suitable for every automotive application. In order to present a classification of concepts for modeling variability in Simulink, this paper first has to determine the relevant use cases for variant handling in modelbased automotive software development. Existing concepts for modeling variability in Simulink will then be presented before being classified in relation to the previously determined use cases.
Bootstrap circuits are mainly used for supplying a gate driver circuit to provide the gate overdrive voltage for a high-side NMOS transistor. The required charge has to be provided by a bootstrap capacitor which is often too large for integration if an acceptable voltage dip at the capacitor has to be guaranteed. Three options of an area efficient bootstrap circuit for a high side driver with an output stage of two NMOS transistors are proposed. The key idea is that the main bootstrap capacitor is supported by a second bootstrap capacitor, which is charged to a higher voltage and connected when the gate driver turns on. A high voltage swing at the second capacitor leads to a high charge allocation. Both bootstrap capacitors require up to 70% less area compared to a conventional bootstrap circuit. This enables compact power management systems with fewer discrete components and smaller die size. A calculation guideline for optimum bootstrap capacitor sizing is given. The circuit was manufactured in a 180nm high-voltage BiCMOS technology as part of a high-voltage gate driver. Measurements confirm the benefit of high-voltage charge storing. The fully integrated bootstrap circuit including two stacked 75.8pF and 18.9pF capacitors results in a voltage dip lower than 1V. This matches well with the theory of the calculation guideline.
Size and cost of a switched mode power supply can be reduced by increasing the switching frequency. The maximum switching frequency and the maximum input voltage range, respectively, is limited by the minimum propagated on-time pulse, which is mainly determined by the level shifter speed. At switching frequencies above 10 MHz, a voltage conversion with an input voltage range up to 50 V and output voltages below 5 V requires an on-time of a pulse width modulated signal of less than 5 ns. This cannot be achieved with conventional level shifters. This paper presents a level shifter circuit, which controls an NMOS power FET on a high-voltage domain up to 50 V. The level shifter was implemented as part of a DCDC converter in a 180 nm BiCMOS technology. Experimental results confirm a propagation delay of 5 ns and on-time pulses of less than 3 ns. An overlapping clamping structure with low parasitic capacitances in combination with a high-speed comparator makes the level shifter also very robust against large coupling currents during high-side transitions as fast as 20 V/ns, verified by measurements. Due to the high dv/dt, capacitive coupling currents can be two orders of magnitude larger than the actual signal current. Depending on the conversion ratio, the presented level shifter enables an increase of the switching frequency for multi-MHz converters towards 100 MHz. It supports high input voltages up to 50 V and it can be applied also to other high-speed applications.
The recent years and especially the Internet have changed the way on how data is stored. We now often store data together with its creation time-stamp. These data sequences potentially enable us to track the change of data over time. This is quite interesting, especially in the e-commerce area, in which classification of a sequence of customer actions, is still a challenging task for data miners. However, before Standard algorithms such as Decision Trees, Neuronal Nets, Naive Bayes or Bayesian Belief Networks can be applied on sequential data, preparations need to be done in order to capture the information stored within the sequences. Therefore, this work presents a systematic approach on how to reveal sequence patterns among data and how to construct powerful features out of the primitive sequence attributes. This is achieved by sequence aggregation and the incorporation of time dimension into the Feature construction step. The proposed algorithm is described in detail and applied on a real life data set, which demonstrates the ability of the proposed algorithm to boost the classification performance of well known data mining algorithms for classification tasks.
SmartLife ecosystems are emerging as intelligent user-centered systems that will shape future trends in technology and communication. Biological metaphors of living adaptable ecosystems provide the logical foundation for self-optimizing and self-healing run-time environments for intelligent adaptable business services and related information systems with service-oriented enterprise architectures. The present research in progress work investigates mechanisms for adaptable enterprise architectures for the development of service-oriented ecosystems with integrated technologies like Semantic Technologies, Web Services, Cloud Computing and Big Data Management. With a large and diverse set of ecosystem services with different owners, our scenario of service-based SmartLife ecosystems can pose challenges in their development, and more importantly, for maintenance and software evolution. Our research explores the use of knowledge modeling using ontologies and flexible metamodels for adaptable enterprise architectures to support program comprehension for software engineers during maintenance and evolution tasks of service-based applications. Our previous reference enterprise architecture model ESARC -- Enterprise Services Architecture Reference Cube -- and the Open Group SOA Ontology was extended to support agile semantic analysis, program comprehension and software evolution for a SmartLife applications scenario. The Semantic Browser is a semantic search tool that was developed to provide knowledge-enhanced investigation capabilities for service-oriented applications and their architectures.
The purpose of this paper is to review, compare and contrast the body of published literature regarding consumer related emotions in fashion shopping behavior. This paper analyses 39 academic articles which focus on emotions in fashion shopping behavior between 2000 and 2013. Therefore articles which examine the influence of environmental stimuli in a retail setting as well as articles which focus on the impact of factors affecting individuals especially in shopping for fashion were analysed. Most of the articles are based on the SOR paradigm. A larger focus is recently placed on the research of emotions and consumers’ behavior in online fashion environments. The influence of stimuli, occurring in endogenous and exogenous ways, on consumers’ emotion and resulting behavior could be confirmed in most studies. However the determination of addressed emotions is already widely researched, the impact on consumers’ shopping behavior has to be analysed more detailed.
Die Wirkungsgrade ("Normnutzungsgrade") nach DIN 4709 bilden den praktischen Betrieb von Mikro-Blockheizkraftwerken besser ab. Insbesondere bei den thermischen Wirkungsgraden ergeben sich nach DIN 4709 geringere Werte im Vergleich zu stationären Messungen aufgrund der An-/Abfahrverluste und der Speicherverluste. Der Betrieb des Zusatzkessels führt zu einer Reduktion der Primärenergieeinsparung der Gesamtanlage.
The implementation of a web based portal QA solution will lead to a high acceptance of the staff as the usage of commonly known standard software (e.g. web browser) allows intuitive handling. In the daily use a significant simplification of the workflow and Performance enhancement can be achieved by easy access to the check documents. As the data is now saved in a database it can easily be processed and long-term trends can be displayed. Therefore possible errors can be detected much easier and earlier. By the usage of time stamps and user authentication procedures and user responsibilities are comprehensibly documented. As the software is browser based, integration into an existing software Environment is not critical. As only technical QA data is processed, no further data security measures are necessary. A certification as a medical product is not required.
While digital IC design is highly automated, analog circuits are still handcrafted in a time-consuming, manual fashion today. This paper introduces a novel Parameterized Circuit Description Scheme (PCDS) for the development of procedural analog schematic generators as parameterized circuits. Circuit designers themselves can use PCDS to create circuit automatisms which capture valuable expert knowledge, offer full topological flexibility, and enhance the re-use of well-established topologies. The generic PCDS concept has been successfully implemented and employed to create parameterized circuits for a broad range of use cases. The achieved results demonstrate the efficiency of our PCDS approach and the potential of parameterized circuits to increase automation in circuit design, also to benefit physical design by promoting the common schematic-driven-layout flow, and to enhance the applicability of circuit synthesis approaches.
Fundamentale Veränderungen der heutigen Arbeitswelt stellen Menschen, Systeme, Prozesse und ganze Organisationen vor erhebliche Herausforderungen. Der Faktor Mensch leistet in allen Bereichen dieses Wirkgefüges einen essentiellen Beitrag zum Wettbewerbsvorteil vieler produzierender Unternehmen am Standort Deutschland. Der Wandel von Automatisierung zu selbststeuernden Unternehmen geht dabei nicht spurlos an dem wandlungsfähigsten Glied dieses Gefüges, dem Menschen, vorüber. Belastungsarten verändern sich, singuläre Bewältigungsstrategien genügen nicht mehr, um einen optimalen Beanspruchungszustand jedes einzelnen Individuums zu erreichen und gleichzeitig das höchstmögliche Potenzial zu schöpfen. Das Belastungs- und Beanspruchungscockpit bildet einen Lösungsansatz zur systematischen und durchgängigen Bewertung von Belastungszuständen und der individuellen Beanspruchung von Beschäftigten an Montagearbeitsplätzen. Es liefert in Echtzeit Informationen zum Belastungs- und Beanspruchungszustand des Mitarbeiters und kann mit Ergonomiebewertungsverfahren verknüpft werden. Der Aspekt der Multidimensionalität umfasst die Bewertung verschiedener Indikatoren unter Betrachtung ihrer Wirkzusammenhänge.
Quest 3C : an integrative simulation game used to encourage cross-disciplinary thinking and action
(2014)
Interdisciplinary, complex problem-solving and the necessity to communicate effectively in global Teams characterise today’s rapidly changing Business environment. Employers consistently stress the need for business engineering graduates to demonstrate technical expertise, methodological competences and diverse soft skills. The "silo effect" in higher education has partially created a gap between what industry wants and what academia provides. Here we examine how interdisciplinary team teaching and shared ICT might be more effective in bringing higher education teaching in sync with industry and its demands.
Im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Vertiefung an der Hochschule Reutlingen befasst sich diese Arbeit mit der Untersuchung der Anforderungen und der Machbarkeit zur computergestützten Erkennung der Deutschen Gebärdensprache (DGS) und des deutschen Fingeralphabets. Die Erkenntnisse aus dieser Arbeit dienen als Grundlage zur Entwicklung eines Systems zur Übersetzung von Gebärden der DGS oder des Fingeralphabets in die deutsche Schriftsprache. Zunächst werden grundlegende Informationen zu Geschichte, Aufbau und Grammatik der DGS und des Fingeralphabets aufgeführt. Die Erkennung der Gebärden soll durch optische Bewegungssensoren erfolgen. Hierfür werden unterschieliche Sensortypen betrachtet und verglichen. Im weiteren Verlauf erfolgt die Analyse der benutzerspezifischen und technischen Anforderungen. Erstere basieren auf der Befragung einer Fokusgruppe aus gehörlosen und hörenden Menschen aus dem Bereich der Gehörlosen-, Schwerhörigen- und Sprachbehindertenpädagogik. Abgeleitet aus den Informationen der Anforderungsanalyse ergibt sich, bis zu einem gewissen Grad, die Machbarkeit aus technischer und benutzerspezifischer Sicht. Abschließend erfolgen die Zusammenfassung der Anforderungen, welche an das zu entwickelnde System gestllt werden, sowie eine Handlungsempfehlung für die Entwicklung eines Prototyps.
Prior studies ascribed people’s poor performance in dealing with basic systems concepts to different causes. While results indicate that, among other things, domain specific experience and familiarity with the problem context play a role in this stock-flow-(SF-)performance, this has not yet been fully clarified. In this article, we present an experiment that examines the role of educational background in SF-performance. We hypothesize that SF-performance increases when the problem context is embedded in the problem solver’s knowledge domain, indicated by educational background. Using the square wave pattern and the sawtooth pattern tasks from the initial study by Booth Sweeney and Sterman (2000), we design two additional cover stories for the former, the Vehicle story from the engineering domain and the Application story from the business domain, next to the original Bathtub story. We then test the three sets of questions on business students. Results mainly support our hypothesis. Interestingly, participants even do better on a more complex behavioral pattern from their knowledge domain than on a simpler pattern from more distant domains. Although these findings have to be confirmed by further studies, they contribute both to the methodology of future surveys and the context familiarity discussion.