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Die Arbeit stellt die Möglichkeiten von 3D-Controllern für den Einsatz in der interventionellen Radiologie und insbesondere für die Steuerung der Echtzeit-Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) dar. Dies ist interessant in Bezug auf die kontrollierte Navigation in ein Zielgewebe. Dabei kann der Interventionalist durch Echtzeit- Bildgebung den Verlauf des Eingriffs verfolgen, allerdings kann er bisher das MRT während der Durchführung des Eingriffs nicht selbst steuern, da dies durch den Assistenten im Nebenraum erfolgt. Die Kommunikation ist bei dem hohen Geräuschpegel aber sehr schwer. Diese Arbeit setzt an dieser Stelle an und analysiert 3D-Controller auf die Eignung für die Echtzeit-Steuerung eines MRTs. Dabei wurden trackingbasierte und trackinglose Geräte betrachtet. Als Ergebnis ließ sich festhalten, dass trackingbasierte Verfahren weniger geeignet sind, aufgrund der nicht ausreichenden Interpretation der Eingaben. Die trackinglosen Geräte hingegen sind aufgrund der korrekten Interpretation aller Eingaben und der intuitiven Bedienung geeignet.
Social networks, smart portable devices, Internet of Things (IoT) on base of technologies like analytics for big data and cloud services are emerging to support flexible connected products and agile services as the new wave of digital transformation. Biological metaphors of living and adaptable ecosystems with service-oriented enterprise architectures provide the foundation for self-optimizing and resilient run-time environments for intelligent business services and related distributed information systems. We are extending Enterprise Architecture (EA) with mechanisms for flexible adaptation and evolution of information systems having distributed IoT and other micro-granular digital architecture to support next digitization products, services, and processes. Our aim is to support flexibility and agile transformation for both IT and business capabilities through adaptive digital enterprise architectures. The present research paper investigates additionally decision mechanisms in the context of multi-perspective explorations of enterprise services and Internet of Things architectures by extending original enterprise architecture reference models with state of art elements for architectural engineering and digitization.
The digital transformation of our society changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. This disruptive change drive current and next information processes and systems that are important business enablers for the context of digitization since years. Our aim is to support flexibility and agile transformations for both business domains and related information technology with more flexible enterprise information systems through adaptation and evolution of digital architectures. The present research paper investigates the continuous bottom-up integration of micro-granular architectures for a huge amount of dynamically growing systems and services, like microservices and the Internet of Things, as part of a new composed digital architecture. To integrate micro-granular architecture models into living architectural model versions we are extending enterprise architecture reference models by state of art elements for agile architectural engineering to support digital products, services, and processes.
Digitization fosters the development of IT environments with many rather small structures, like Internet of Things (IoT), microservices, or mobility systems. They are needed to support flexible and agile digitized products and services. The goal is to create service-oriented enterprise architectures (EA) that are self optimizing and resilient. The present research paper investigates methods for decision-making concerning digitization architectures for Internet of Things and microservices. They are based on evolving enterprise architecture reference models and state of the art elements for architectural engineering for microgranular systems. Decision analytics in this field becomes increasingly complex and decision support, particularly for the development and evolution of sustainable enterprise architectures, is sorely needed. The challenging of the decision processes can be supported with in a more flexible and intuitive way by an architecture management cockpit.
Diese Arbeit liefert einen Konzeptentwurf, der die Integration verschiedener Systeme mit prozessrelevanten klinischen Diensten gewährleistet. Chirurgische Abläufe werden in Form von Prozessen modelliert. Die Wahl der Notation und die Art der Modellierung dieser Prozesse spielt in der heutigen Forschung in diesem Gebiet eine zentrale Rolle. Sind diese Prozesse modelliert, besteht die Möglichkeit, diese in einer Workflow-Engine automatisiert auszuführen. Im Rahmen der Entwicklung eines Workflow-Managment-Systems stellt sich die Frage, wie die Anbindung dieser Workflow-Engine mit anderen Systemen erfolgen soll. In der Arbeit werden Schnittstellen abstrakt in der Web Services Description Language (WSDL) definiert. Darum werden automatisiert Artefakte erzeugt. Auf der Grundlage dieser Artefakte erfolgt die Integration der Systeme. Die Workflow-Engine kommunizieren über SOAP-Nachrichten (Simple Object Access Protocol) mit den entsprechenden Systemen. Dieser Ansatz wurde mithilfe eines Prototyps validiert und umgesetzt.
How to protect the skin from getting sun burnt? The sun can damage your skin e.g. skin cancer. But the sun has a positive effect to the human. The time in sun and the intensity are key values between enjoy the sunbath and having a negative effect to the skin. A smart device like a UV flower could help you to enjoy the sunbath. It measures the UV index around you and gives this information to a smartphone app. The development steps of such a device are described in this paper. The UV flower is made of textile fabrics.
IT Governance (ITG) is crucial due to its significant impact on enabling innovation and enhancing firm performance. Hence, in the last decade ITG has become important in both academic and in practical research. Although several studies have investigated individual aspects of ITG success and its impact on single determinants, the causal relationship of how ITG promotes firm performance remains unclear. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding about the link between ITG and firm performance is needed. To address this gap, this research aims at understanding how ITG and firm performance are related. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review (1) to create an overview on how current research structures the link between ITG mechanisms and firm performance, (2) to uncover key constructs as potential mediators or moderators on the general link between ITG and performance, and (3) to set the basis for future studies on the ITG-firm performance relationship.
Die Arbeit stellt die Vision des Internet of Things (IoT) vor und betrachtet sowohl Möglichkeiten der Nutzung als auch Gefahrenpotentiale für die Sicherheit der Nutzer. Insbesondere wird hierbei der Anwendungsfall Smart Home näher betrachtet und am Beispiel ZigBee gravierende Schwächen dieser Geräte aufgezeigt.
In recent times, enterprises have been increasingly dealing with the use of social media in internal communication and collaboration. In particular, so-called Enterprise Social Networks (ESN) promise meaningful benefits for the nature of work in corporations. However, these platforms often suffer from poor degrees of use. This raises the question of what initiatives enterprise can launch in order to stimulate the vitality of ESN. Since the use of ESN is often voluntary, individual adoption by employees need to be examined to find an answer. Therefore, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was selected for the theoretical foundation of this paper. Following a qualitative research approach, the available research provides an analysis of expert interviews on specific ESN implementation strategies and included factors. In order to extensively conceptualize and generalize these strategic considerations, we conducted an inductive coding process. The results reveal that ESN implementation strategies can be understood as a multi-level construct (individual vs. group vs. organizational level) containing different factors dependent on the degree of documentation and intensity. This research in progress describes a qualitative evaluation as a preliminary study for further quantitative analysis of an ESN adoption model.
Medical applications are becoming increasingly important in the current development of health care and therefore a crucial part of the medical industry. The work focuses on the analysis of requirements and the challenges arisen from designing mobile medical applications in relation to the user interface. The paper describes the current status in the development of mobile medical apps and illustrates the development of e-health market. The author will explain the requirements and will illustrate the hurdles and problems. He refers to the German market which is similar to the European and compares that with the market in the USA.
Medical applications are becoming increasingly important in the current development of health care and therefore a crucial part of the medical industry. An essential component is the development of user interfaces for mobile medical applications. The conceptual process is crucial for the further development of the main development process. Inconsistency or errors in the conceptual phase, have a serious impact on all areas and could prevent the certification for market approval.
This paper presents a guide to support developer with this process. It was developed based on a requirement analysis of the legal requirements to publish a medical device.
In any autonomous driving system, the map for localization plays a vital part that is often underestimated. The map describes the world around the vehicle outside of the sensor view and is a main input into the decision making process in highly complicated scenarios. Thus there are strict requirements towards the accuracy and timeliness of the map. We present a robust and reliable approach towards crowd based mapping using a GraphSLAM framework based on radar sensors. We show on a parking lot that even in dynamically changing environments, the localization results are very accurate and reliable even in unexplored terrain without any map data. This can be achieved by collaborative map updates from multiple vehicles. To show these claims experimentally, the Joint Graph Optimization is compared to the ground truth on an industrial parking space. Mapping performance is evaluated using a dense map from a total station as reference and localization results are compared with a deeply coupled DGPS/INS system.
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem neuen elektronischen Personalausweis. Zum einen werden in diesem Paper die Sicherheitsziele des Personalausweises und die technische Umsetzung der Architektur und Protokolle erklärt. Es wird der Ablauf einer Online-Identifizierung für einen Nutzer mithilfe des Ausweises aufgezeigt. Risiken und Schwachstellen der Technologie im Software- und Hardwarebereich werden diskutiert und die bereits erfolgten Hack-Angriffe aufgezeigt. Die Arbeit legt Möglichkeiten dar, wie sich der Nutzer vor Angriffen schützen kann. Es werden die Gründe genannt, warum der neue Personalausweis online nur schwar Anklang findet und warum die Aufklärung über die zur Verfügung stehenden Anwendungen, eine Preisreduzierung der Lesegeräte sowie die vom Europa-Parlament und Europarat erlassene eIDAS-Verordnung nicht helfen werden, um die Nutzung voranzutreiben. Ergebnisse hierfür liefert eine Nutzerstudie. Zum anderen werden Ideen genannt, wie die Nutzung der elektronischen Funktionen des Ausweises stattdessen zu fördern ist.
Der folgende Artikel befasst sich mit Wearables für Pferde. Ziel ist es, die Sicherheit der Tiere bei einem Ausbruch von einer Weide zu erhöhen und damit Personen- und Sachschäden zu minimieren. Hierzu wird der Stand der Technik zur Standortbestimmung im Freien zusammengetragen und durch eine Klassifizierung der unterschiedlichen Ansätze ermittelt, welche Standortbestimmung pferdegerecht erscheint. Zudem soll ein Fragebogen konzipiert werden, um Charakteristiken und Funktionalitäten für einen Prototypen festzustellen.
Digitization transforms business process models and processes in many enterprises. However, many of them need guidance, how digitization is impacting the design of their information systems. Therefore, this paper investigates the influence of digitization on information system design. We apply a two-phase research method applying a literature review and an exploratory case study. The case study took place in the IT service provider of a large insurance enterprise. The study’s results suggest that a number of areas of information system design are affected, such as architecture, processes, data and services.
This paper contributes to the automatic detection of perioperative workflow by developing a binary endoscope localization. Automated situation recognition in the context of an intelligent operating room requires the automatic conversion of low level cues into more abstract high level information. Imagery from a laparoscope delivers rich content that is easy to obtain but hard to process. We introduce a system which detects if the endoscope's distal tip is inside or outsiede the patient based on the endoscope video. This information can be used as one parameter in a situation recognition pipeline. Our localization performs in real-time at a video resolution of 1280x720 and 5-fold cross validation yields mean F1-scores of up to 0,94 on videos of 7 laparoscopies.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, die Infrastruktur einer modernen Fahrzeug-zu Fahrzeug-Kommunikation auf ihre Sicherheit zu prüfen. Dazu werden die Sicherheitsstandards für die Funkkommunikation genauer beschrieben und anschließend mit möglichen Angriffsmodellen geprüft. Mit dem erläuterten Wissen der VANET Architektur werden verschiedene Angriffe verständlicher. Dadurch werden die Schwachstellen offengelegt und Gegenmaßnahmen an passenden Punkten in der Architektur verdeutlicht.
This paper examines the efficacy of social media systems in customer complaint handling. The emergence of social media, as a useful complement and (possibly) a viable alternative to the traditional channels of service delivery, motivates this research. The theoretical framework, developed from literature on social media and complaint handling, is tested against data collected from two different channels (hotline and social media) of a German telecommunication services provider, in order to gain insights into channel efficacy in complaint handling. We contribute to the understanding of firm’s technology usage for complaint handling in two ways:
(a) by conceptualizing and evaluating complaint handling quality across traditional and social media channels and (b) by comparing the impact of complaint handling quality on key performance outcomes such as customer loyalty, positive word-of-mouth, and crosspurchase intentions across traditional and social media channels.
This paper investigates the impact of dynamic capabilities (DC) on brand love. From a resource-based view, there is little clarity vis-à-vis the specific capabilities that drive the ability to create brand love. This paper focuses on three research questions: Firstly, which dynamic capabilities are relevant for brand love? Secondly, how strong is the impact of certain dynamic capabilities on brand love? Thirdly, which conditions mediate and moderate the impact of specific dynamic capabilities on brand love? Data from a multi-method research approach have been used to itentify the specific capabilities that corporations need, to enhance brand love. Furthermore, a standardized online survey was conducted on marketing executives and evaluated by structural equation modeling. The results indicate, that customer expertise plays a major role in the relationship between dynamic capabilities and brand love. Furthermore, this relationship is more important in markets that have a low competitive differentiation in products and services.
Characteristics of modern computing and storage technologies fundamentally differ from traditional hardware. There is a need to optimally leverage their performance, endurance and energy consumption characteristics. Therefore, existing architectures and algorithms in modern high performance database management systems have to be redesigned and advanced. Multi Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) approaches in data-base management systems maintain multiple physically independent tuple versions. Snapshot isolation approaches enable high parallelism and concurrency in workloads with almost serializable consistency level. Modern hardware technologies benefit from multi-version approaches. Indexing multi-version data on modern hardware is still an open research area. In this paper, we provide a survey of popular multi-version indexing approaches and an extended scope of high performance single-version approaches. An optimal multi-version index structure brings look-up efficiency of tuple versions, which are visible to transactions, and effort on index maintenance in balance for different workloads on modern hardware technologies.
Database management systems (DBMS) are critical performance components in large scale applications under modern update intensive workloads. Additional access paths accelerate look-up performance in DBMS for frequently queried attributes, but the required maintenance slows down update performance. The ubiquitous B+ tree is a commonly used key-indexed access path that is able to support many required functionalities with logarithmic access time to requested records. Modern processing and storage technologies and their characteristics require reconsideration of matured indexing approaches for today's workloads. Partitioned B-trees (PBT) leverage characteristics of modern hardware technologies and complex memory hierarchies as well as high update rates and changes in workloads by maintaining partitions within one single B+-Tree. This paper includes an experimental evaluation of PBTs optimized write pattern and performance improvements. With PBT transactional throughput under TPC-C increases 30%; PBT results in beneficial sequential write patterns even in presence of updates and maintenance operations.
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein urbaner Mixed-Reality Fahrsimulator umgesetzt. Die reale Umgebung wird hierbei in einer Greenscreen-Kammer mit Hilfe von Kamerabildern aus Nutzersicht und einem Chroma Key Shader innerhalb der virtuellen Umgebung sichtbar gemacht. Dies soll die Immersion und die Interaktivität innerhalb der virtuellen Umgebung durch die Darstellung und Verwendung von realen Elementen erhöhen.
Als virtuelle Umgebung wurde eine zufallsgenerierte Stadt geschaffen, in der KI-Fahrzeuge fahren. Die Ergebnisse der Entwicklung dieses Fahrsimulators werden in dieser Arbeit erläutert.
Der Fahrsimulator soll der Entwicklung von menschzentrierten Human-Machine-Interfaces und Motion-Capture-Komponenten dienen.
Pokémon Go was the first mobile Augmented Reality (AR) game that made it to the top of the download charts of mobile applications. However, very little is known about this new generation of mobile online Augmented Reality (AR) games. Existing media usage and technology acceptance theories provide limited applicability to the understanding of its users. Against this background, this research provides a comprehensive framework that incorporates findings from uses & gratification theory (U>), technology acceptance and risk research as well as flow theory. The proposed framework aims at explaining the drivers of attitudinal and intentional reactions, such as continuance in gaming or willingness to conduct in-app purchases. A survey among 642 Pokémon Go players provides insights into the psychological drivers of mobile AR games. Results show that hedonic, emotional and social benefits, and social norms drive, vice versa physical risks (but not privacy risks) hinder consumer reactions. However, the importance of these drivers differs between different forms of user behavior.
In den letzten Jahren beschäftigten sich Forscher und Automobilhersteller mit den Voraussetzungen für die Einführung von autonomem Fahren. Für Innovationen und Geschäftsmodelle im Bereich der intelligenten Mobilität, aber auch innerhalb der digitalen Wertschöpfungskette, spielen generell Zuverlässigkeit und Qualität der digitalen Datenübertragung eine entscheidende Rolle. Bevor das autonome Fahren vollständig eingeführt wird, muss man feststellen, welche Anforderungen an die digitale Infrastruktur beachtet werden müssen, gleichzeitig muss die Bedrohungslandschaft für autonomes Fahren analysiert werden.
Die folgende Arbeit beschäftigt sich damit, die Anforderungen und Gefahren zu analysieren und allgemeine Handlungsempfehlungen vorzuschlagen.
Due to rapidly changing technologies and business contexts, many products and services are developed under high uncertainties. It is often impossible to predict customer behaviors and outcomes upfront. Therefore, product and service developers must continuously find out what customers want, requiring a more experimental mode of management and appropriate support for continuously conducting experiments. We have analytically derived an initial model for continuous experimentation from prior work and matched it against empirical case study findings from two startup companies. We examined the preconditions for setting up an experimentation system for continuous customer experiments. The resulting RIGHT model for Continuous Experimentation (Rapid Iterative value creation Gained through High-frequency Testing) illustrates the building blocks required for such a system and the necessary infrastructure. The major findings are that a suitable experimentation system requires the ability to design, manage, and conduct experiments, create so-called minimum viable products or features, link experiment results with a product roadmap, and manage a flexible business strategy. The main challenges are proper, rapid design of experiments, advanced instrumentation of software to collect, analyse, and store relevant data, and integration of experiment results in the product development cycle, software development process, and business strategy. This summary refers to the article The RIGHT Model for Continuous Experimentation, published in the Journal of Systems and Software [Fa17].
Automatisierte Analyse von Review-Daten beschäftigt sich mit den Möglichkeiten, freien Text zu analysieren und relevante Informationen daraus zu extrahieren. Die Arbeit setzt sich dabei mit Methoden des unüberwachten Lernens auseinander. Hierbei steht die Methode der Topic Modellierung im Mittelpunkt. Es werden Verfahren betrachtet, die im Bereich der textbasierten Informationsgewinnung bekannt sind. Latent Semantic Indexing LSI, (probabilistic) pLSI und Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) werden erläutert und verglichen. Die Arbeit zeigt, wie LDA genutzt wurde, um einen nhaltlichen Überblick über einen Datenkorpus von 1 Mio. Reviews zu bekommen und diesen auf einen feineren Detailgrad zu betrachten. Die Topic-basierte Analyse wird genutzt, um Erkentnisse für ein Opinion Mining System zu generieren, welches eine tiefergehende Analyse vornehmen wird. Der gesamte Prozess ist als vollständig automatisiert und maschinell unüberwacht konzeptioniert.
Scheduled flexibility and individualization of knowledge transfer in foundations of computer science
(2017)
The opening of the German higher education system for new target groups involves a heterogeneous composition of students as never before and face up the universities to new challenges. Due to different educational biographies, the students don't show a homogeneous level of knowledge. Furthermore, their access to course content and their individual learning methods are very diverse. The existing lack of knowledge and the very unequal study speed have a significant influence on the learning behavior and learning motivation. During the first semesters, the dropout rate is appreciably higher. The reform project gives an overview of a didactic restructuring from a formerly conventional teaching and learning concept to a stronger combination of digital offers, combined with classical lectures in the basic modules of computer science. The teaching content is adjusted to the individual requirements and knowledge. Students with different previous knowledge get the possibility to increase their knowledge in different levels of abstraction. The aim of the reform project has to point out the possibilities, also the challenges of the digital process in higher education. At the same time the question has to be explored, how far does an accompanied and self-directed learning in own speed and in own individual depth of knowledge have a positive impact on the motivation and on the study success of a learner.
Im Rahmen der wissenschaftlichen Vertieung werden unterschiedliche empirische Forschungsmethoden erörtert.
Im ersten Schritt werden die Grundlagen der empirischen Forschungsmethoden ermittelt und klassifiziert. Nach der Klassifikation der Forschungsmethoden werden zwei Forschunsmethoden angewandt. Die Auswahl der Methoden fällt auf die quantitative und qualitative Forschungsmethode.
Diese Forschungsmethoden werden während der Analysephase eingesetzt, um den weltweiten Ist-Zustand der Tochtergesellschaften zu ermitteln. Hierbei geht es um die Analyse des Import- und Export-Prozesses bei den Tochtergesellschaften der HUGO BOSS AG. Ziel ist es, die Ergebnisse für die Master Thesis einzusetzen. Anhand der Ergebnisse können Gemeinsamkeiten oder auch Abweichungen im Zollabwicklungsprozess aufgezeigt werden, die später in der Konzeption berücksichtigt werden.
Hierzu wird die qualitative Methode eingesetzt, welche die Basis für die Konzeptionierung der Umfrage liefert. Abschließend wurde für die Verifikation der Ergebnisse die qualitative Methode für die Interviews eingesetzt.
Using measurement and simulation for understanding distributed development processes in the Cloud
(2017)
Organizations increasingly develop software in a distributed manner. The Cloud provides an environment to create and maintain software-based products and services. Currently, it is widely unknown which software processes are suited for Cloud-based development and what their effects in specific contexts are. This paper presents a process simulation to study distributed development in the Cloud. We contribute a simulation model, which helps analyzing different project parameters and their impact on projects carried out in the Cloud. The simulator helps reproducing activities, developers, issues and events in the project, and it generates statistics, e.g., on throughput, total time, and lead and cycle time. The aim of this simulation model is thus to analyze the tradeoffs regarding throughput, total time, project size, and team size. Furthermore, the modified simulation model aims to help project managers select the most suitable planning alternative. Based on observed projects in Finland and Spain, we simulated a distributed project using artificial and real data. Particularly, we studied the variables project size, team size, throughput, and total project duration. A comparison of the real project data with the results obtained from the simulation shows the simulation producing results close to the real data, and we could successfully replicate a distributed software project. By improving the understanding of distributed development processes, our simulation model thus supports project managers in their decision-making.
Rapid Prototyping Plattformen reduzieren die Entwicklungszeit, indem das Überprüfen einer Idee in Form eines Prototyps schnell umzusetzen ist und mehr Zeit für die eigentliche Anwendungsentwicklung mit Benutzerschnittstellen zur Verfügung steht. Dieser Ansatz wird schon lange bei technischen Plattformen, wie bspw. dem Arduino, verfolgt. Um diese Form von Prototyping auf Wearables zu übertragen, wird in diesem Paper WearIT vorgestellt. WearIT besteht als Wearable Prototyping Plattform aus vier Komponenten: Einer Weste, Sensor- und Aktorshieldss, einer eigenen bibliothek sowie einem Mainboard bestehend aus Arduino, Raspberry Pi, einer Steckplatine und einem GPS-Modul. Als Ergebnis kann ein Wearable Prototyp schnell, durch das Anbringen von Sensor- und Aktorshields an der WearIT Weste, entwickelt werden. Diese Sensor- und Aktorshields können anschließend durch die WearIT-Bibliothek programmiert werden. Dafür kann über Virtual Network Computing (VNC) mit einem entfernten Rechner auf die Bildschirminhalte des Rasperry Pis zugegriffen und der Arduino programmiert werden.
Software and system development faces numerous challenges of rapidly changing markets. To address such challenges, companies and projects design and adopt specific development approaches by combining well-structured comprehensive methods and flexible agile practices. Yet, the number of methods and practices is large, and available studies argue that the actual process composition is carried out in a fairly ad-hoc manner. The present paper reports on a survey on hybrid software development approaches. We study which approaches are used in practice, how different approaches are combined, and what contextual factors influence the use and combination of hybrid software development approaches. Our results from 69 study participants show a variety of development approaches used and combined in practice. We show that most combinations follow a pattern in which a traditional process model serves as framework in which several fine-grained (agile) practices are plugged in. We further show that hybrid software development approaches are independent from the company size and external triggers. We conclude that such approaches are the results of a natural process evolution, which is mainly driven by experience, learning, and pragmatism.
First International Workshop on Hybrid dEveLopmENt Approaches in Software Systems Development
(2017)
A software process is the game plan to organize project teams and run projects. Yet, it still is a challenge to select the appropriate development approach for the respective context. A multitude of development approaches compete for the users’ favor, but there is no silver bullet serving all possible setups. Moreover, recent research as well as experience from practice shows companies utilizing different development approaches to assemble the bestfitting approach for the respective company: a more traditional process provides the basic framework to serve the organization, while project teams embody this framework with more agile (and/or lean) practices to keep their flexibility. The first HELENA workshop aims to bring together the community to discuss recent findings and to steer future work.
Software and system development is complex and diverse, and a multitude of development approaches is used and combined with each other to address the manifold challenges companies face today. To study the current state of the practice and to build a sound understanding about the utility of different development approaches and their application to modern software system development, in 2016, we launched the HELENA initiative. This paper introduces the 2nd HELENA workshop and provides an overview of the current project state. In the workshop, six teams present initial findings from their regions, impulse talk are given, and further steps of the HELENA roadmap are discussed.
Digitization in the energy sector is a necessity to enable energy savings and energy efficiency potentials. Managing decentralized corporate energy systems is hindered by a non-existence. The required integration of energy objectives into business strategy creates difficulties resulting in inefficient decisions. To improve this, practice-proven methods such as Balanced Scorecard, Enterprise Architecture Management and the Value Network approach are transferred to the energy domain. The methods are evaluated based on a case study. Managing multi-dimensionality, high complexity and multiple actors are the main drivers for an effective and efficient energy management system. The underlying basis to gain the positive impacts of these methods on decentralized corporate energy systems is digitization of energy data and processes.
Managing decentralized corporate energy systems is a challenging task for enterprises. However, the integration of energy objectives into business strategy creates difficulties resulting in inefficient decisions. To improve this, practice-proven methods such as the balanced scorecard and enterprise architecture management are transferred to the energy domain. The methods are evaluated based on a case study. Managing multi-dimensionality and high complexity are the main drivers for an effective and efficient energy management system. Both methods show a positive impact on managing decentralized corporate energy systems and are adaptable to the energy domain.
To assess the quality of a person’s sleep, it is essential to examine the sleep behaviour by identifying the several sleep stages, their durations and sleep cycles. The established and gold standard procedure for sleep stage scoring is overnight polysomnography (PSG) with the Rechtschaffen and Kales (R-K) method. Unfortunately, the conduct of PSG is time-consuming and unfamiliar for the subjects and might have an impact of the recorded data. To avoid the disadvantages with PSG, it is important to make further investigations in low-cost home diagnostic systems. For this intention it is necessary to find suitable bio vital parameters for classifying sleep stages without any physical impairments at the same time. Due to the promising results in several publications we want to analyse existing methods for sleep stage classification based on the parameters body movement,
heartbeat and respiration. Our aim was to find different behaviour patterns in the several sleep stages. Therefore, the average values of 15 whole-night PSG recordings -obtained from the ‘DREAMS
Subjects Database’- where analysed in the light of heartbeat, body movement and respiration with 10 different methods.
A sleep study is a test used to diagnose sleep disorders and is usually done in sleep laboratories. The golden standard for evaluation of sleep is overnight polysomnography (PSG). Unfortunately, in-lab sleep studies are expensive and complex procedures. Furthermore, with a minimum of 22 wire attachments to the patient for sleep recording, this medical procedure is invasive and unfamiliar for the subjects. To solve this problem, low-cost home diagnostic systems, based on noninvasive recording methods requires further researches.
For this intention it is important to find suitable bio vital parameters for classifying sleep phases WAKE, REM, light sleep and deep sleep without any physical impairment at the same time. We decided to analyse body movement (BM), respiration rate (RR) and heart rate variability (HRV) from existing sleep recordings to develop an algorithm which is able to classify the sleep phases automatically. The preliminary results of this project show that BM, RR and HRV are suitable to identify WAKE, REM and NREM stage.
With the Internet of Things being one of the most discussed trends in the computer world lately, many organizations find themselves struggling with the great paradigm shift and thus the implementation of IoT on a strategic level. The Ignite methodoogy as a part of the Enterprise-IoT project promises to support organizations with these strategic issues as it combines best practices with expert knowledge from diverse industries helping to create a better understanding of how to transform into an IoT driven business. A framework that is introduced within the context of IoT business model development is the Bosch IoT Business Model Builder. In this study the provided framework is compared to the Osterwalder Business Model Canvas and the St. Gallen Business Model Navigator, the most commonly used and referenced frameworks according to a quantitative literature analysis.
Durch Industrie 4.0 kann die individuelle Fertigung von kleineren Stückzahlen zu geringen Kosten ermöglicht werden. Dafür müssen alle Anlagen miteinander vernetzt werden, um Daten austauschen und kommunizieren zu können. Durch die Vernetzung können neue Risiken und Gefahren entstehen. In dieser Arbeit wird die ITSicherheit in der Industrie 4.0 anhand möglichen Bedrohungsszenarien, Herausforderungen und Gegenmaßnahmen evaluiert. Dabei wird untersucht, welche Möglichkeiten Industrieunternehmen haben, um Hackerangriffen vorzubeugen und ob bereits etablierte Sicherheitskonzepte für industrielle Anlagen einfach übernommen werden können.
In der Medizin existieren verschiedene Reifegradmodelle, die die Digitalisierung von Krankenhäusern unterstützen können. Die Anforderungen an ein Reifegradmodell für diesen Zweck umfassen Aspekte aus allgemeinen und spezifischen Bereichen des Krankenhauses. Die Analyse der Reifegradmodelle HIN, CCMM, EMRAM und O-EMRAM zeigt große Lücken im Bereich des OP sowie fehlende Aspekte in der Notaufnahme auf. Ein umfassendes Reifegradmodell wurde nicht gefunden. Durch eine Kombination aus HIN und CCMM könnten fast alle Bereiche ausreichend abgedeckt werden. Zusätzliche Ergänzungen durch spezialisierte Reifegradmodelle oder sogar die Entwicklung eines umfassenden Reifegradmodells wären sinnvoll.
In times of dynamic markets, enterprises have to be agile to be able to quickly react to market influences. Due to the increasing digitization of products, the enterprise IT often is affected when business models change. Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) targets a holistic view of the enterprise’ IT and their relations to the business. However, Enterprise Architectures (EA) are complex structures consisting of many layers, artifacts and relationships between them. Thus, analyzing EA is a very complex task for stakeholders. Visualizations are common vehicles to support analysis. However, in practice visualization capabilities lack flexibility and interactivity. A solution to improve the support of stakeholders in analyzing EAs might be the application of visual analytics. Starting from a systematic literature review, this article investigates the features of visual analytics relevant for the context of EAM.
Die meisten der aktuell im Allag vorfindlichen Touch-Flächen wurden unter Anwendung komplexer und kostenintensiver Technologien realisiert. Gerade für das Anwendungsszenario eines Touchfloors, bei welchem meist eine überdurchschnittlich große Touch-Fläche erwünscht ist, werden kostengünstigere Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten angestrebt. Dieses Paper dient als Ausgangsbasis für die Umsetzung eines Low-cost Touchfloors, der die kollaborative Arbeit eines Projektteams unterstützen soll. Mithilfe einer Analyse des State of the Arts der Touch-Technologien und einer anschließenden Evaluation, wird die Touch-Technologie abgeleitet, die sich am besten zur Realisierung dieses low-cost Touchfloors eignet. Aus der Evaluation geht hervor, dass vor allem optische Touch-Technologien, insbesondere visionsbasierte, für die Umsetzung von kostengünstigen großen Touch-Flächen geeignet sind.
The ability to develop and deploy high-quality software at a high speed gets increasing relevance for the comptetitiveness of car manufacturers. Agile practices have shown benefits such as faster time to market in several application domains. Therefore, it seems to be promising to carefully adopt agile practices also in the automotive domain. This article presents findings from an interview-based qualitative survey. It aims at understanding perceived forces that support agile adoption. Particularly, it focuses on embedded software development for electronic control units in the automotive domain.
Context: The current situation and future scenarios of the automotive domain require a new strategy to develop high quality software in a fast pace. In the automotive domain, it is assumed that a combination of agile development practices and software product lines is beneficial, in order to be capable to handle high frequency of improvements. This assumption is based on the understanding that agile methods introduce more flexibility in short development intervals. Software product lines help to manage the high amount of variants and to improve quality by reuse of software for long term development.
Goal: This study derives a better understanding of the expected benefits for a combination. Furthermore, it identifies the automotive specific challenges that prevent the adoption of agile methods within the software product line.
Method: Survey based on 16 semi structured interviews from the automotive domain, an internal workshop with 40 participants and a discussion round on ESE congress 2016. The results are analyzed by means of thematic coding.
The digital transformation of the automotive industry has a significant impact on how development processes need to be organized in future. Dynamic market and technological environments require capabilities to react on changes and to learn fast. Agile methods are a promising approach to address these needs but they are not tailored to the specific characteristics of the automotive domain like product line development. Although, there have been efforts to apply agile methods in the automotive domain for many years, significant and widespread adoptions have not yet taken place. The goal of this literature review is to gain an overview and a better understanding of agile methods for embedded software development in the automotive domain, especially with respect to product line development. A mapping study was conducted to analyze the relation between agile software development, embedded software development in the automotive domain and software product line development. Three research questions were defined and 68 papers were evaluated. The study shows that agile and product line development approaches tailored for the automotive domain are not yet fully explored in the literature. Especially, literature on the combination of agile and product line development is rare. Most of the examined combinations are customizations of generic approaches or approaches stemming from other domains. Although, only few approaches for combining agile and software product line development in the automotive domain were found, these findings were valuable for identifying research gaps and provide insights into how existing approaches can be combined, extended and tailored to suit the characteristics of the automotive domain.
Incubators in multinational corporations : development of a corporate incubator operator model
(2017)
This paper analyzes the components of a corporate incubator operator model in multinational companies. Thereby, three relevant phases were identified: pre incubation, incubation, and exit. Each phase contains different criteria that represent critical success factors for a corporate incubator, which are based on theoretical findings and lessons learned from practice. During the pre-incubation phase companies should define their need for a corporate incubator, the origin of ideas and the selection criteria for incubator tenants. The actual phase of incubation refers to the incubator program, which should be flexible with respect to each tenant. Furthermore, resource allocation plays an important role during the incubator program. Exit options after a successful incubation differ according to internal ideas and external start-ups, as well as the objective of the incubator. The research is based on a comprehensive screening of existing incubator literature and a qualitative content analysis of statements from eight experts of international corporate incubators.
In the present paper we demonstrate a novel approach to handling small updates on Flash called In-Place Appends (IPA). It allows the DBMS to revisit the traditional write behavior on Flash. Instead of writing whole database pages upon an update in an out-of-place manner on Flash, we transform those small updates into update deltas and append them to a reserved area on the very same physical Flash page. In doing so we utilize the commonly ignored fact that under certain conditions Flash memories can support in-place updates to Flash pages without a preceding erase operation.
The approach was implemented under Shore-MT and evaluated on real hardware. Under standard update-intensive workloads we observed 67% less page invalidations resulting in 80% lower garbage collection overhead, which yields a 45% increase in transactional throughput, while doubling Flash longevity at the same time. The IPA outperforms In-Page Logging (IPL) by more than 50%.
We showcase a Shore-MT based prototype of the above approach, operating on real Flash hardware – the OpenSSD Flash research platform. During the demonstration we allow the users to interact with the system and gain hands on experience of its performance under different demonstration scenarios. These involve various workloads such as TPC-B, TPC-C or TATP.
In the present paper we demonstrate the novel technique to apply the recently proposed approach of In-Place Appends – overwrites on Flash without a prior erase operation. IPA can be applied selectively: only to DB-objects that have frequent and relatively small updates. To do so we couple IPA to the concept of NoFTL regions, allowing the DBA to place update-intensive DB-objects into special IPA-enabled regions. The decision about region configuration can be (semi-)automated by an advisor analyzing DB-log files in the background.
We showcase a Shore-MT based prototype of the above approach, operating on real Flash hardware. During the demonstration we allow the users to interact with the system and gain hands-on experience under different demonstration scenarios.
Under update intensive workloads (TPC, LinkBench) small updates dominate the write behavior, e.g. 70% of all updates change less than 10 bytes across all TPC OLTP workloads. These are typically performed as in-place updates and result in random writes in page-granularity, causing major write-overhead on Flash storage, a write amplification of several hundred times and lower device longevity.
In this paper we propose an approach that transforms those small in-place updates into small update deltas that are appended to the original page. We utilize the commonly ignored fact that modern Flash memories (SLC, MLC, 3D NAND) can handle appends to already programmed physical pages by using various low-level techniques such as ISPP to avoid expensive erases and page migrations. Furthermore, we extend the traditional NSM page-layout with a delta-record area that can absorb those small updates. We propose a scheme to control the write behavior as well as the space allocation and sizing of database pages.
The proposed approach has been implemented under Shore- MT and evaluated on real Flash hardware (OpenSSD) and a Flash emulator. Compared to In-Page Logging it performs up to 62% less reads and writes and up to 74% less erases on a range of workloads. The experimental evaluation indicates: (i) significant reduction of erase operations resulting in twice the longevity of Flash devices under update-intensive workloads; (ii) 15%-60% lower read/write I/O latencies; (iii) up to 45% higher transactional throughput; (iv) 2x to 3x reduction in overall write
amplification.