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Nowadays, the demand for a MEMS development/design kit (MDK) is even more in focus than ever before. In order to achieve a high quality and cost effectiveness in the development process for automotive and consumer applications, an advanced design flow for the MEMS (micro electro mechanical systems) element is urgently required. In this paper, such a development methodology and flow for parasitic extraction of active semiconductor devices is presented. The methodology considers geometrical extraction and links the electrically active pn junctions to SPICE standard library models and subsequently extracts the netlist. An example for a typical pressure sensor is presented and discussed. Finally, the results of the parasitic extraction are compared with fabricated devices in terms of accuracy and capability.
Rapidly growing population and increasing amount of shipments induced by the e-commerce are two of the main reasons for the constantly rising urban freight traffic. Cities are therefore overwhelmed by a growing stream of goods and the available infrastructure, shared between people and goods traffic, often reached its maximum capacity. Phenomena such as traffic congestion, pollution and lack of space are direct consequences of this trend and their impact on the quality of life in the city is not negligible. City administrations are keen to evaluate innovative city logistics concepts and adopt alternative solutions, to overcome the challenges posed by such a dynamic environment, constrained in existing infrastructure. In this paper, a heuristic method based on the utility analysis is presented. Thanks to a modular approach accounting for stakeholders´ requirements, possible different scenarios and available technologies, the development of new city logistic concepts is supported. The proposed method is then applied to a case study concerning the city of Reutlingen (Germany). Results are presented and a brief discussion leads to the conclusion.
The metric and qualitative analysis of models of the upper and lower dental arches is an important aspect of orthodontic treatment planning. Currently available eLearning systems for dental education only allow access to digital learning materials, and do not interactively support the learning progress. Moreover, to date no study compared the efficiency of learning methods based on physical or digital study models. For this pilot study, 18 dental students were separated into two groups to investigate whether the learning success in study model analysis with an interactive elearning system is higher based on digital models or on conventional plaster models. The results show that with the digital method less time is needed per model analysis. Moreover, the digital approach leads to higher total scores than that based on plaster models. We conclude that interactive eLearning using digital dental arch models is a promising tool for dental education.
OR-Pad - Entwicklung eines Prototyps zur sterilen Informationsanzeige am OP-Situs : meeting abstract
(2019)
Hintergrund: Oftmals werden Informationen aus der Krankenakte oder von Bildgebungsverfahren nur auf recht weit vom Operationsgebiet entfernten Monitoren, außerhalb der ergonomischen Sichtachse des Operateurs, dargestellt. Dies führt dazu, dass relevante Informationen übersehen werden oder ihr Informationspotenzial nicht ausgeschöpft werden kann. In Papierform mitgenommene Notizen befinden sich während der OP außerhalb des sterilen Bereichs und sind dadurch für den Operateur nicht ohne Weiteres zugänglich. Auch bei intraoperativen Einträgen für die OP Dokumentation ist der Operateur auf die Mithilfe der Assistenz angewiesen. Durch die zusätzlichen Kommunikationswege entstehen dabei ein personeller und zeitlicher Mehraufwand und das Fehlerpotenzial nimmt zu. Das anwendungsorientierte Forschungsprojekt OR-Pad - Nutzung von portablen Informationsanzeigen im Operationssaal - soll dem Operateur zu einem verbesserten Informationsfluss verhelfen. Die Idee entstand aus der klinischen Routine der Anatomie und Urologie des Universitätsklinikums Tübingen und wird nun durch Fördermittel vom Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg sowie vom Europäischen Fonds für regionale Entwicklung an der Hochschule Reutlingen zu einem High Fidelity-Prototypen weiterentwickelt.
Ziel: Ziel des OR-Pad Projekts ist es, während einer OP zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt klinisch relevante Informationen in unmittelbarer Nähe zum Operateur darzustellen. Mithilfe des Systems soll der Informationsfluss zwischen dem Eingriff sowie dessen Vor- und Nachbereitung optimiert werden. Der Operateur soll vorab relevante Informationen, wie aktuelle Röntgenbilder oder persönliche Notizen, zur intraoperativen Anzeige auswählen können, die dann am OP-Situs auf einer sterilen Informationsanzeige dargestellt werden. Durch die Positionierung soll eine ergonomische Sichtachse sowie die direkte Interaktion mit dem System ermöglicht werden. Kontextrelevante Informationen sollen basierend auf dem aktuellen OP-Verlauf durch die Entwicklung einer Situationserkennung automatisch bereitgestellt werden. Zur Optimierung des Informationsflusses gehört ebenfalls die Unterstützung der OP-Dokumentation. Für diese sollen während des Eingriffs manuell vom Operateur sowie automatisch vom System Einträge, wie Zeitpunkte oder intraoperative Aufnahmen, erstellt werden. Aus diesen soll nach dem Eingriff die OP-Dokumentation generiert und damit der Prozess qualitativer und zeiteffizienter gestaltet werden.
Methodik: Zur Erreichung des Ziels werden zunächst die klinischen Anforderungen spezifiziert und in ein Lastenheft überführt. Hierfür werden Interviews und Beobachtungen bei mehreren Interventionen durchgeführt. Nach dem User-Centered-Designprozess werden Personas und Nutzungsszenarien entworfen und mit klinischen Projektpartnern in mehreren Iterationen evaluiert. Es gilt eine Informationsarchitektur aufzubauen, die eine Einbettung klinischer Informationssysteme sowie Bild- und Gerätedaten aus dem OP-Netzwerk erlaubt. Eine Situationserkennung, basierend auf Prozessmodellen, soll zur Abschätzung des Operationsfortschritts entwickelt werden. Zur Befestigung der Informationsanzeige sollen geeignete Haltemechanismen eingesetzt werden. Das OR-Pad System soll laufend im Lehr- und Forschungs-OP der Hochschule Reutlingen getestet und im Sinne agiler Produktentwicklung mit den klinischen Projektpartnern abgestimmt werden. Der finale Funktionsprototyp soll abschließend in den Versuchs-OPs der Anatomie Tübingen getestet und evaluiert werden.
Ergebnisse: Über eine erste Datenerhebung mittels Contextual Inquiry konnten erste Anforderungen an das OR-Pad System erfasst werden, woraus ein Low-Fidelity-Prototyp resultierte. Die Evaluation über Experteninterviews führte in die zweite Iteration, in der das Konzept entsprechend der Ergebnisse angepasst wurde. Über Hospitationen am Uniklinikum Tübingen fand eine weitere Datenerhebung zur Erstellung von Szenarien für die intraoperativen Anwendungsfälle statt. Anhand der Anforderungen wurde ein Konzept für die Benutzerschnittstelle entworfen, die im weiteren Verlauf mit den klinischen Projektpartnern evaluiert wird.
Powered by e-commerce and vital in the manufacturing industry, intralogistics became an increasingly important and labour-intensive process. In highly standardized automation-friendly environments, such as the automotive sector, most of efficiently automatable intralogistics tasks have already been automated. Due to aging population in EU and ergonomic regulations, the urge to automate intralogistics tasks became consistent also where product and process standardization is lower. That is the case of the production line or cell material supply process, where an increasing number of product variants and individually customized products combined with the necessary ability of reacting to changes in market conditions led to smaller and more frequent replenishment to the points of use in the production plant and to the chaotic addition of production cells in shop floor layout. This led in turn to inevitable traffic growth with unforeseeable related delays and increased level of safety threats and accidents. In this paper, we use the structured approach of the Quality Interaction Function Deployment to analyse the process of supply of assembly lines, seeking the most efficient combination of automation and manual labour, satisfying all stakeholders´ requirements. Results are presented and discussed.
In standardized sectors such as the automotive, the cost-benefit ratio of automation solutions is high as they contribute to increase capacity, decrease costs and improve product quality. In less standardized application fields, the contribution of automation to improvements in capacity, cost and quality blurs. The automation of complex and unstructured tasks requires sophisticated, expensive and low-performing systems, whose impact on product quality is oftentimes not directly perceived by customers. As a result, the full automation of process chains in the general manufacturing or the logistic sectors is often a sub optimal solution. Taking the distance from the false idea that a process should be either fully automated, or fully manual, this paper presents a novel heuristic method for design of lean human-robot interaction, the Quality Interaction Function Deployment, with the objective of the “right level of automation”. Functions are divided among human and automated agents and several automation scenarios are created and evaluated with respect to their compliance to the requirements of all process´ stakeholders. As a result, synergies among operators (manual tasks) and machines (automated tasks) are improved, thus reducing time-losses and increasing productivity.
It is expected that ongoing digitalisation will drive the merger between the manufacturing world and the internet world, possibly leading to a next industrial revolution, currently called “Industry 4.0”. The driving forces behind this development are new business opportunities and competition advantages arising from mass production customisation as well as rapid individual product development and manufacturing. Key factors of the development towards Industry 4.0 are discussed. Threats and opportunities arising from these developments for future production are discussed. Actual examples from real-time customized manufacturing of consumer products are given. As mechatronic systems and industrial robots are widely used in manufacturing and in particular in assembly, it is discussed how they can be connected to and used in digitalised industrial systems. Different examples of remote controlled systems are presented, like remote controlled KUKA robot for handling and quality control, PLC-controlled equipment, drive systems, FESTO handling system and others. The architecture of an assembly cell is presented, where industrial robots are set-up for batch-one production or can directly receive control / production information on-line and in real-time over the factory network. Methods for remote maintenance and monitoring of systems over the internet and production operator support over the internet are presented as well.
Potentials of smart contracts-based disintermediation in additive manufacturing supply chains
(2019)
We investigate which potentials are created by using smart contracts for disintermediation in supply chains for additive manufacturing. Using a qualitative, critical realist research approach, we analyzed three case studies with companies active in additive manufactures. Based on interviews with experts from these companies, we could identify eight key requirements for disintermediation and associate four potentials of smart contracts-based disintermediation.
Among the multitude of software development processes available, hardly any is used by the book. Regardless of company size or industry sector, a majority of project teams and companies use customized processes that combine different development methods— so-called hybrid development methods. Even though such hybrid development methods are highly individualized, a common understanding of how to systematically construct synergetic practices is missing. In this paper, we make a first step towards devising such guidelines. Grounded in 1,467 data points from a large-scale online survey among practitioners, we study the current state of practice in process use to answer the question: What are hybrid development methods made of? Our findings reveal that only eight methods and few practices build the core of modern software development. This small set allows for statistically constructing hybrid development methods. Using an 85% agreement level in the participants’ selections, we provide two examples illustrating how hybrid development methods are characterized by the practices they are made of. Our evidence-based analysis approach lays the foundation for devising hybrid development methods.
Context: Organizations are increasingly challenged by high market dynamics, rapidly evolving technologies and shifting user expectations. In consequence, many organizations are struggling with their ability to provide reliable product roadmaps by applying traditional roadmapping approaches. Currently, many companies are seeking opportunities to improve their product roadmapping practices and strive for new roadmapping approaches. A typical first step towards advancing the roadmapping capabilities of an organization is to assess the current situation. Therefore, the so-called maturity model DEEP for assessing the product roadmapping capabilities of companies operating in dynamic and uncertain environments has been developed and published by the authors. Objective: The aim of this article is to conduct an initial validation of the DEEP model in order to understand its applicability better and to see if important concepts are missing. In addition, the aim of this article is to evolve the model based on the findings from the initial validation. Method: The model has been given to practitioners such as product managers with the request to perform a self-assessment of the current product roadmapping practices in their company. Afterwards, interviews with each participant have been conducted in order to gain insights. Results: The initial validation revealed that some of the stages of the model need to be rearranged and minor usability issues were found. The overall structure of the model was well received. The study resulted in the development of the version 1.1 of the DEEP product roadmap maturity model which is also presented in this article.
