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Learning factories present a promising environment for education, training and research, especially in manufacturing related areas which are a main driver for wealth creation in any nation. While numerous learning factories have been built in industry and academia in the last decades, a comprehensive scientific overview of the topic is still missing. This paper intends to close this gap establishing the state of the art of learning factories. The motivations, historic background, and the didactic foundations of learning factories are outlined. Definitions of the term learning factory and the corresponding morphological model are provided. An overview of existing learning factory approaches in industry and academia is provided, showing the broad range of different applications and varying contents. The state of the art of learning factories curricula design and their use to enhance learning and research as well as potentials and limitations are presented. Conclusions and an outlook on further research priorities are offered.
The fashion industry is well documented for causing significant environmental impact. Product-service systems (PSS) present a promising way to solve this challenge. PSS shift the focus toward complementary service offers, which decouples customer satisfaction from material consumption and entails dematerialization. However, PSS are not ecoefficient by nature but need to be accompanied by corporate environmental management (CEM) practices. The objective of this article is to examine the potential of PSS to contribute to the environmental sustainability of today's fashion industry by investigating if fashion firms with a positive attitude toward PSS implementation also pursue goals related to the ecological environment. For this purpose, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is conducted to analyze data of 102 fashion firms. Results reveal that the diffusion of PSS in today's fashion industry is low and few firms consider implementing PSS. Results, furthermore, demonstrate that PSS implementation is positively related to CEM. This indicates that existing structures of CEM favor PSS implementation and unlock the eco-efficient potential of implemented PSS in the fashion industry.
We report the temperature dependence of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) of individual photosystem I (PSI) complexes from Thermosynechococcus elongatus (T. elongatus) coupled to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). A strong temperature dependence of shape and intensity of the emission spectra is observed when PSI is coupled to AuNPs. For each temperature, the enhancement factor (EF) is calculated by comparing the intensity of individual AuNP-coupled PSI to the mean intensity of ‘uncoupled’ PSI. At cryogenic temperature (1.6 K) the average EF was 4.3-fold. Upon increasing the temperature to 250 K the EF increases to 84-fold. Single complexes show even higher EFs up to 441.0-fold. At increasing temperatures the different spectral pools of PSI from T. elongatus become distinguishable. These pools are affected differently by the plasmonic interactions and show different enhancements. The remarkable increase of the EFs is explained by a rate model including the temperature dependence of the fluorescence yield of PSI and the spectral overlap between absorption and emission spectra of AuNPs and PSI, respectively.
Management virtueller, internationaler Engineering-Prozesse. - (Berichte aus dem Maschinenbau)
(2017)
Die Internationalisierung von Geschäftsprozessen hat dazu geführt, dass in den Engineering-Prozessen, z.B. Produktentwicklung, Produktionsplanung etc., zunehmend in virtuellen, internationalen Teams gearbeitet wird. Die Prozesse und Methoden wurden aber oft nicht entsprechend weiterentwickelt, dass die virtuellen, internationalen Engineering-Prozesse effektiv und effizient ausgeführt werden. In Rahmen einer fragebogenbasierten Unternehmensbefragung in Deutschland wird untersucht, wie Unternehmen mit Kernfragen der Gestaltung virtueller, internationaler Engineering-Prozesse umgehen und welche Vorgehensweisen, Methoden und Werkzeuge, insbesondere Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, sie einsetzen. Dabei werden neben dem Nutzen auch die Risiken thematisiert, die nach der neuen DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 stärker in den unternehmerischen Fokus rücken müssen.
Es gibt viele und teilweise sehr unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen für die Planung von Materialflusssysstemen in der Produktionslogisitk. Ein spezifisches Vorgehensmodell für die Planung der Produktionsversorgung in der Montage im engeren Sinne existiert nicht. Im Folgenden wird ein solches Vorgehensmodell dargestellt, das sich auf die Planung der Produktionsversorgung fokussiert.
Die neue DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 ist ein Meilenstein in der Normenentwicklung, da mit ihr die Zusammenführung unterschiedlicher Strukturen verschiedener Managementnormen erfolgt, die jetzt alle nach dem gleichen System strukturiert sind bzw. in Zukunft noch derart strukturiert werden. Außerdem spezifiziert sie Anforderungen in einigen Bereichen deutlich genauer und umfangreicher als dies bisher der Fall war. Dementsprechend müssen Unternehmen für eine Neu- oder Reakkreditierung ihre Organisation weiterentwickeln. Der folgende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über wesentliche Änderungen und den anzustrebenden Umgang damit.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of the web representation of certain fashion hot spots and how these results can be shown on fashion maps in an illustrated way.
Design/methodology/approach: A new ranking was created, which was evaluated with a self-instructed index, to gain solid results. Numbers were collected from Google, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and web.alert.io. Additionally, fashion maps were created for an illustrative visualization of the results.
Findings: Compared with the ranking of a trend forecasting agency, called Global Language Monitor, which concepted a ranking of non-virtual fashion cities, the web representation and therefore the ranking of the research project, differs mainly in the situation of the cities among the first 10, viz. the rank on which a city occurs, but fewer in the actual cities mentioned.
Research limitations: The research was limited to subjective analysis of data, leading to partly subjective results, as well as the selected number of social media platforms, that had been used.
Originality/value: This is the first study to explore the web representation value of fashion metropolises in comparison to their non-virtual ranking. The results are partly based on results that already existed, concerning transformations of fashion cities or in general which cities own the status of a fashion city.
Cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion regulates fundamental cellular functions and is crucial for cell-material contact. Adhesion is influenced by many factors like affinity and specificity of the receptor-ligand interaction or overall ligand concentration and density. To investigate molecular details of cell ECM and cadherins (cell-cell) interaction in vascular cells functional nanostructured surfaces were used Ligand-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with 6-8 nm diameter, are precisely immobilized on a surface and separated by non-adhesive regions so that individual integrins or cadherins can specifically interact with the ligands on the AuNPs. Using 40 nm and 90 nm distances between the AuNPs and functionalized either with peptide motifs of the extracellular matrix (RGD or REDV) or vascular endothelial cadherins (VEC), the influence of distance and ligand specificity on spreading and adhesion of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) was investigated. We demonstrate that RGD-dependent adhesion of vascular cells is similar to other cell types and that the distance dependence for integrin binding to ECM-peptides is also valid for the REDV motif. VEC-ligands decrease adhesion significantly on the tested ligand distances. These results may be helpful for future improvements in vascular tissue engineering and for development of implant surfaces.
Wege der Gewinnermittlung
(2017)
Macht ein Unternehmen Gewinn, heißt dies nicht notwendigerweise, dass alles „in trockenen Tüchern“ ist. Die entscheidende Frage ist, wie der Gewinn ermittelt wurde, denn nur mit dem richtigen Verfahren erhält man auch den geeigneten Blickwinkel – auf den Erfolg eines einzelnen Geschäfts, auf den Gewinn einer Periode, auf das Betriebsvermögen, auf die Liquidität oder auf die Bilanz.
EBIT & Co.
(2017)
Eine ganze Reihe von Kennzahlen wird in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre zur Ermittlung und Steuerung des Unternehmensgewinns verwendet. Doch nicht alle eignen sich für denselben Zweck. Je nach Fragestellung sollten unterschiedliche Kennzahlen herangezogen werden. Ihre Interpretation muss nicht zuletzt auch branchenspezifisch erfolgen.
Smart meter based business models for the electricity sector : a systematical literature research
(2017)
The Act on the Digitization of the Energy Transition forces German industries and households to introduce smart meters in order to save engery, to gain individual based electricity tariffs and to digitize the energy data flow. Smart meter can be regarded as the advancement of the traditional meter. Utilizing this new technology enables a wide range of innovative business models that provide additional value for the electricity suppliers as well as for their customers. In this study, we followed a two-step approach. At first, we provide a state-of-the-art comparison of these business models found in the literature and identify structural differences in the way they add value to the offered products and services. Secondly, the business models are grouped into categories with respect to customer segmetns and the added value to the smart grid. Findings indicate that most business models focus on the end-costumer as their main customer.
This research is about Omnichannel Retailing and addresses the question how the omnichanneling of retailers in the fashion market can be measured. Our sources will include books, interviews, newspapers and scientific databases.
Omnichanneling is a current topic in the fashion market, retailers all over the world face the question on how to adapt to the challenges Omnichannel Retailing sets. We are going to define what Omnichanneling is by explaining the differences between Multiple-, Multi-, Cross- and Omnichannel Retailing. After we defined omnichanneling itself, we took a set of 26 retailers to evaluate regarding their Omnichannel capabilities. Then we create an index with criteria that can measure the Omnichannel capability of each retailer.
The Omnichannel Score is based on 31 criteria, which analyze the retailers in offline, online, mobile and social aspects enables to see differences between retailers. Our findings were that retailers in the US fashion market are more advanced in Omnichannel Retailing than retailers in the German fashion market. Our top three Omnichannel retailers were Sears with an Omnichannel Score of 91, followed by KOHL’S and Marks&Spencer, both with a Omnichannel Score of 88. The best Omnichannel Retailer from Germany was Adidas with the fourth place and an Omnichannel Score of 81.
Zusammen mit Partnern aus Industrie und Politik untersuchen die ESB Business School der Hochschule Reutlingen, die Hochschule Offenburg und die Fachhochschule Nordwestschweiz (FHNW) in einem Interreg-Projekt die Möglichkeiten, klima- und gesundheitsschädliche Emissionen im Grenzverkehr am Hochrhein zu reduzieren. Elektromobilität und Fahrgemeinschaften werden dazu im Rahmen eines Pilotprojekts gefördert und die Wirkung analysiert. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, dass heutige Elektroautos für das grenzüberschreitende Pendeln unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen geeignet sind.
Towards a practical maintainability quality model for service- and microservice-based systems
(2017)
Although current literature mentions a lot of different metrics related to the maintainability of service-based systems (SBSs), there is no comprehensive quality model (QM) with automatic evaluation and practical focus. To fill this gap, we propose a Maintainability Model for Services (MM4S), a layered maintainability QM consisting of service properties (SPs) related with automatically collectable Service Metrics (SMs). This research artifact created within an ongoing Design Science Research (DSR) project is the first version ready for detailed evaluation and critical feedback. The goal of MM4S is to serve as a simple and practical tool for basic maintainability estimation and control in the context of BSs and their specialization
microservice-based systems (μSBSs).
In a time of digital transformation, the ability to quickly and efficiently adapt software systems to changed business requirements becomes more important than ever. Measuring the maintainability of software is therefore crucial for the long-term management of such products. With service-based systems (SBSs) being a very important form of enterprise software, we present a holistic overview of such metrics specifically designed for this type of system, since traditional metrics – e.g. object oriented ones – are not fully applicable in this case. The selected metric candidates from the literature review were mapped to 4 dominant design properties: size, complexity, coupling, and cohesion. Microservice-based systems (μSBSs) emerge as an agile and fine grained variant of SBSs. While the majority of identified metrics are also applicable to this specialization (with some limitations), the large number of services in combination with technological heterogeneity and decentralization of control significantly impacts automatic metric collection in such a system. Our research therefore suggests that specialized tool support is required to guarantee the practical applicability of the presented metrics to μSBSs.
Anforderungen an die Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle im Automobil auf dem Weg zum autonomen Fahren
(2017)
In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben immer mehr Fahrerassistenzsysteme Einzug in das Automobil gefunden und bereiten damit den Weg zu vollautonomen Fahrzeugen der Zukunft vor. So bieten bereits viele Hersteller Ausstattungsvarianten ihrer Fahrzeuge an, die für den Umstieg in die vollautonome Zukunft gewappnet sind. Um den Menschen mit auf den Weg zu nehmen, werden einige Anforderungen an die Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle (MMS) des Automobils gestellt. Für die teilautonomen Fahrzeuge der nächsten Generation gilt es, den Fahrerwechsel zwischen manuellem und autonomen Fahren für die Menschen bestmöglich zu gestalten. Die Arbeit wirft einen Blick auf ausgewählte Ansätze für zukünftige MMS-Systeme und bewertet diese anhand der Übergabezeiten zwischen Mensch und Maschine. Ein Wandel der MMS im Automobil wird empfohlen, um den Menschen mit den neuen Technologien vertraut zu machen.
This paper introduces a novel placement methodology for a common-centroid (CC) pattern generator. It can be applied to various integrated circuit (IC) elements, such as transistors, capacitors, diodes, and resistors. The proposed method consists of a constructive algorithm which generates an initial, close to the optimum, solution, and an iterative algorithm which is used subsequently, if the output of constructive algorithm does not satisfy the desired criteria. The outcome of this work is an automatic CC placement algorithm for IC element arrays. Additionally, the paper presents a method for the CC arrangement evaluation. It allows for evaluating the quality of an array, and a comparison of different placement methods.