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We examine the role of communication from users on dropout from digital learning systems to answer the following questions: (1) how does the sentiment within qualitative signals (user comments) affect dropout rates? (2) does the variance in the proportion of positive and negative sentiments affect dropout rates? (3) how do quantitative signals (e.g. likes) moderate the effect of the qualitative signals? and (4) how does the effect of qualitative signals on dropout rates change across early and late stages of learning? Our hypotheses draws from learning theory and self-regulation theory, and were tested using data of 447 learning videos across 32 series of online tutorials, spanning 12 different fields of learning. The findings indicate a main effect of negative sentiment on dropout rates but no effect of positive sentiment on preventing dropout behaviour. This main effect is stronger in the early stages of learning and weakens at later stages. We also observe an effect of the extent of variance of positive and negative sentiments on dropout behaviour. The effects are negatively moderated by quantitative signals. Overall, making commenting more broad-based rather than polarised can be a useful strategy in managing learning, transferring knowledge, and building consensus.
The increasing urban population growth leads to challenges in cities in many aspects: Urbanisation problems such as excessive environmental pollution or increasing urban traffic demand new and innovative solutions. In this context, the concept of smart cities is discussed. An enabling element of the smart city concept is applying information technology (IT) to improve administrative efficiency and quality of life while reducing costs and resource consumption and ensuring greater citizen participation in administrative and urban development issues. While these smart city services are technologically studied and implemented, government officials, citizens or businesses are often unaware of the large variety of smart city service solutions. Therefore, this work deals with developing a smart city services catalogue that documents best practice services to create a platform that brings citizens, city government, and businesses together. Although the concept of IT service catalogues is not new and guidelines and recommendations for the design and development of service catalogues already exist in the corporate context, there is little work on smart city service catalogues. Therefore, approaches from agile software development and pattern research were adapted to develop the smart city service catalogue platform in this work.