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In diesem Beitrag haben wir uns mit den Grenzen der Leistungsgerechtigkeit in Personalbeurteilungen auseinandergesetzt. Dabei haben wir auf Basis der EC argumentiert, dass die Beteiligten leistungsbezogene Beurteilungskriterien so auslegen, dass sie mit ihrem Gerechtigkeitsempfinden kompatibel sind. Dieses Argument deutet darauf hin, dass es in vielen Organisationen nicht möglich ist, das Leistungsprinzip strikt umzusetzen. Sofern in Organisationen die Leistungsgerechtigkeit mit weiteren Gerechtigkeitsvorstellungen kollidiert, werden die Akteure bemüht sein, in Konventionen lokaler Arrangements oder Kompromisse zu etablieren. Zudem haben wir argumentiert, dass durch die Entkoppelung der am Beurteilungssystem Beteiligten organisationalen Subsysteme lokale Konventionen ausgebildet werden und eine durchgängige Kontrolle durch höhere Instanzen vermieden wird.
»Flexible Arbeitspraktiken: Eine Analyse aus pragmatischer Perspektive«. Traditional human resource management (HRM) research can hardly relate to today's developments in the world of work. Organizational boundaries are blurred because of the complexity due to globalization, digitalization, and demographic changes. In practice, new ways of organizing work can be found that depend on the specifics of the work situation. In this paper, we build on the economics of convention (EC) to elaborate on the current challenges HRM scholarship is confronted with and provide a theoretical lens that goes beyond the tension between market and bureaucracy principles in actual employment settings. We apply EC’s situationalist methodology to examples of the challenging coordination of flexibility in the workplace. We explain two hybrid forms of coordination – compromises and local arrangements – and highlight the dynamics of employment practices in organizations related to these forms. Thereby, we show that different modes of coordination in employment are applied in a fluctuating manner that depends on the specific situations. In doing so, we further seek to remind HRM scholars of the fruitfulness of the pragmatist perspective in analyzing work practices, as well as extending its conceptual toolkit for future analysis.
The implementation of human resource (HR) policies often proves troublesome due to the appearance, and stubborn persistence, of gaps in the process. Human resource management (HRM) scholars problematise these gaps and advocate tight implementation to reduce gaps and to ensure the desired impact of policies on organisational performance. Drawing on organisational institutionalism, we contend that gaps in implementing HR policies can actually be productive, as they secure organisational legitimacy, and thus enable organisations to operate viably within several institutional environments. We suggest that different approaches to implementation are needed, some of them premised on accepting sustained implementation gaps. We introduce minimum and moderate implementation approaches, rooted in the notion of decoupling, to complement approaches aimed at tight implementation. Our aim is to support the further development of research based on a richer interpretation of HRM implementation challenges and choices they present for HR managers.
Competing logics in evaluating employee performance : building compromises through conventions
(2015)
Current research argues that competing institutional logistics1 can co-exist enduringly and investigates how organizations cope with such institutional complexity (Greenwood et al. 2011). Thereby, the role of practices for handling competing logics has been overlooked and it is currently only to limited extent understood how organizations establish compromises between competing logics. Therefore, we investigated the recent performance appraisal reform of a German public sector organization that occurred in 2008 (see also Kozica, Brandl 2015). BAND (the pseudonym for our organization) has been using performance appraisals for several decades, and performance appraisals have already become entrenched instruments (Zeitz, Mittal, McAulay 1999) for handling staff promotion decisions. While BAND accepted the accountability logic of the performance appraisal, the professional logic (which is based on trust and comradeship as a high value of being professional in our organization) is accepted too and BAND has established a fine-grained compromise between the different logics. During the recent reform of the performance appraisal system, however, this compromise has broken up and challenged organizational members to (re-)arrange a compromise. By using French convention school of thinking (Boltanski, Thévenot 2006) we address how BAND copes with conflicting logics by forming compromises in organizational practices. Thereby, we show that the concept of convention is particularly promising for understanding of how organizations deal with institutional complexity. More broadly, our argument contributes to the elaboration of an organizational theory for the institutional logics discussion that explains how organizational and individual actions are interlinked.
In this paper, we investigate how conventions enable organisational actors to cope with paradoxical tensions in performance appraisal systems. Building on a case study of a performance appraisal system reform in a public sector organisation, we analyse how this organisation enabled superiors to take into account both accountability and professional logic. When new appraisal rules required superiors to rank their employees according to their qualifications but also to show collegiate solidarity, superiors negotiated an organisation-wide understanding of the rules that enabled them to address both logics simultaneously. The study underlines the importance of collective understandings for individual responses to paradoxical tensions and reveals how performance appraisal systems can be operated according to different logics.
Organisationslernen
(2019)
Durch Organisationslernen passen sich Organisationen an veränderte Umweltanforderungen (Digitalisierung, politische Reformen, usw.) an. Organisationen können die Lernfähigkeit erhöhen, indem sie ihre dynamischen Fähigkeiten durch eine geringe Arbeitsteilung stärken, ihren Absorptionsprozess von Wissen hinterfragen, und strukturelle und zeitliche Ambidextrie schaffen. Sie können sich am Leitbild der lernenden Organisation orientieren und flache Organisationsstrukturen sowie Teamarbeit fördern. Insbesondere für öffentliche Verwaltungen, die derzeit nicht ausreichend lernfähig sind, bietet das Organisationslernen sinnvolle Ansatzpunkte.
Der Beitrag erweitert aus der theoretischen Perspektive der Soziologie der Konventionen (Économie des Conventions, EC) die Forschung zur pragmatischen Dimension des organisationalen Gedächtnisses. Dabei wird erstens argumentiert, dass Konventionen als organisationales Gedächtnis verstanden werden können, in denen gespeichert wird, wie Koordinationsprobleme erfolgreich lösbar sind. Zweitens wird anhand des Akteurstatus der EC sowie des Konzepts der Handlungsregime diskutiert, wie Akteure auf gespeichertes Wissen zugreifen. Und drittens wird die bislang nicht berücksichtigte normative Dimension des organisationalen Gedächtnisses analysiert. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass Akteure sich auf Konventionen gestützt rechtfertigen, wenn sie Elemente des organisationalen Gedächtnisses aufgreifen. Insgesamt trägt der Beitrag dazu bei, die Verbindung von kollektivem Gedächtnis und Entscheidung besser zu verstehen, indem sie auf Basis der EC als eine interaktionistische, pragmatische und normativ geprägte Aushandlung von Erinnerungen in konkreten Situationen betrachtet wird.
