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Excellence in IT is both a driver and a key enabler of the digital transformation. The digital transformation changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. The Internet of Things (IoT) fundamentally influences today’s digital strategies with disruptive business operating models and fast changing markets. New business information systems are integrating emerging Internet of Things infrastructures and components. With the huge diversity of Internet of Things technologies and products organizations have to leverage and extend previous Enterprise Architecture efforts to enable business value by integrating Internet of Things architectures. Both architecture engineering and management of current information systems and business models are complex and currently integrating beside the Internet of Things synergistic subjects, like Enterprise Architecture in context with services & cloud computing, semantic-based decision support through ontologies and knowledge-based systems, big data management, as well as mobility and collaboration networks. To provide adequate decision support for complex business/IT environments, we have to make transparent the impact of business and IT changes over the integral landscape of affected architectural capabilities, like directly and transitively impacted IoT-objects, business categories, processes, applications, services, platforms and infrastructures. The paper describes a new metamodel-based approach for integrating Internet of Things architectural objects, which are semi-automatically federated into a holistic Digital Enterprise Architecture environment.
The Internet of Things (IoT) fundamentally influences today’s digital strategies with disruptive business operating models and fast changing markets. New business information systems are integrating emerging Internet of Things infrastructures and components. With the huge diversity of Internet of Things technologies and products organizations have to leverage and extend previous enterprise architecture efforts to enable business value by integrating the Internet of Things into their evolving Enterprise Architecture Management environments. Both architecture engineering and management of current enterprise architectures is complex and has to integrate beside the Internet of Things synergistic disciplines like EAM - Enterprise Architecture and Management with disciplines like: services & cloud computing, semantic-based decision support through ontologies and knowledge-based systems, big data management, as well as mobility and collaboration networks. To provide adequate decision support for complex business/IT environments, it is necessary to identify affected changes of Internet of Things environments and their related fast adapting architecture. We have to make transparent the impact of these changes over the integral landscape of affected EAM-capabilities, like directly and transitively impacted IoT-objects, business categories, processes, applications, services, platforms and infrastructures. The paper describes a new metamodel-based approach for integrating partial Internet of Things objects, which are semi-automatically federated into a holistic Enterprise Architecture Management environment.
The digital transformation of our society changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. This disruptive change interacts with all information processes and systems that are important business enablers for the digital transformation since years. The Internet of Things, social collaboration systems for adaptive case management, mobility systems and services for Big Data in cloud services environments are emerging to support intelligent user-centered and social community systems. They will shape future trends of business innovation and the next wave of information and communication technology. Biological metaphors of living and adaptable ecosystems provide the logical foundation for self-optimizing and resilient run-time environments for intelligent business services and related distributed information systems with service-oriented enterprise architectures. The present research investigates mechanisms for flexible adaptation and evolution of digital enterprise architectures in the context of integrated synergistic disciplines like distributed service-oriented architectures and information systems, EAM - Enterprise Architecture and Management, metamodeling, semantic echnologies, web services, cloud computing and Big Data technology. Our aim is to support flexibility and agile transformations for both business domains and related enterprise systems through adaptation and evolution of digital enterprise architectures. The present research paper investigates digital transformations of business and IT and integrates fundamental mappings between adaptable digital enterprise architectures and service-oriented information systems.
The digitization of our society changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. This disruptive change interacts with all information processes and systems that are important business enablers for the context of digitization since years. Our aim is to support flexibility and agile transformations for both business domains and related information technology and enterprise systems through adaptation and evolution of digital enterprise architectures. The present research paper investigates collaborative decision mechanisms for adaptive digital enterprise architectures by extending original architecture reference models with state of art elements for agile architectural engineering for the digitization and collaborative architectural decision support.
Mit dem Kunstbegriff "Virtuelle Realität" beschreibt man die Darstellung von künstlichen Welten und die Interaktion mit den selbigen. Meist verbindet man damit teure Spiel- und Filmproduktionen. Doch durch derzeitige Entwicklungen können auch kleine Entwicklerstudios und Endanwender auf Bewegungserkennungssysteme zurückgreifen. In dieser Ausarbeitung werden zwei Prototypen vorgestellt, die auf eben diese Systeme zurückgreifen. In den Prototypen soll eine Interaktion mit der Umwelt und ein "Mittendringefühl" im Rahmen von Serious Games ermöglicht werden.
Saving energy and protecting the environment became fundamental for society and politics, why several laws were enacted to increase the energy-efficiency. Furthermore, the growing number of vehicles and drivers leaded to more accidents and fatalities on the roads, why road safety became an important factor as well. Due to the increasing importance of energy-efficiency and safety, car manufacturers started to optimise the vehicle in terms of energy-effciency and safety. However, energy-efficiency and road safety can be also increased by adapting the driving behaviour to the given driving situation. This thesis presents a concept of an adaptive and rule based driving system that tries to educate the driver in energy-efficient and safe driving by showing recommendations on time. Unlike existing driving-systems, the presented driving system considers energy-efficiency and safety relevant driving rules, the individual driving behaviour and the driver condition. This allows to avoid the distraction of the driver and to increase the acceptance of the driving system, while improving the driving behaviour in terms of energy-efficiency and safety. A prototype of the driving system was developed and evaluated. The evaluation was done on a driving simulator using 42 test drivers, who tested the effect of the driving system on the driving behaviour and the effect of the adaptiveness of the driving system on the user acceptance. It has been proven during the evaluation that the energy-efficiency and safety can be increased, when the driving system was used. Furthermore, it has been proven that the user acceptance of the driving system increases when the adaptive feature was turned on. A high user acceptance of the driving system allows a steady usage of the driving system and, thus, a steady improvement of the driving behaviour in terms of energy-efficiency and safety.
Information systems, which support the workflow in the clinical area, are currently limited to organizational processes. This work shows a first approach of an information system supporting all actors in the perioperative area. The first prototype and proof of concept was a task manager, giving all actors information about their task and the task of all other actors during an intervention. Based on this initial task manager, we implemented an information system based on a workflow engine controlling all processes and all information necessary for the intervention. A second part was the development of a perioperative process visualization which was developed based on a user centered approach jointly with clinicians and OR members.
Informationstechnische Systeme, die den Arbeitsablauf im klinischen Bereich unterstützen, sind aktuell auf organisatorische Abläufe beschränkt. Diese Arbeit stellt einen ersten Ansatz vor, wie solch ein System in den perioperativen Bereich eingebracht werden kann. Hierzu wurde eine Workflow Engine mit einer perioperativen Prozess-Visualisierung verknüpft. Das System wurde nach Modell-View-Controller-Prinzip implementiert. Als "Controller" kommt die Workflow Engine zum Einsatz; also "Modell" ein Prozessmodell, mit den erforderlichen klinischen Daten. Der "View" wurde durch eine abgekoppelte Anwendung realisiert, welche auf Web-Technologien basiert. Drei Visualisierungen, die Workflow Engine sowie die Anbindung beider über eine Datenbankschnittstelle, wurden erfolgreich umgesetzt. Bei den drei Visualisierungen wurden jeweils eine Ansicht für den OP-Koordinator, den Springer und eine Ansicht für die Übersicht einer OP erstellt.
We investigated the influence of body shape and pose on the perception of physical strength and social power for male virtual characters. In the first experiment, participants judged the physical strength of varying body shapes, derived from a statistical 3D body model. Based on these ratings, we determined three body shapes (weak, average, and strong) and animated them with a set of power poses for the second experiment. Participants rated how strong or powerful they perceived virtual characters of varying body shapes that were displayed in different poses. Our results show that perception of physical strength was mainly driven by the shape of the body. However, the social attribute of power was influenced by an interaction between pose and shape. Specifically, the effect of pose on power ratings was greater for weak body shapes. These results demonstrate that a character with a weak shape can be perceived as more powerful when in a high-power pose.
Two Stream Hypothesis: Adaptationseffekte bei sozialen Interaktionen mit Avataren in Virtual Reality
(2015)
In diesem Paper wird ein Experiment zur Two-Streams-Hypothese vorgestellt. Dabei werden zunächst die psychologischen und technischen Grundlagen erarbeitet, welche für das Experiment benötigt werden. Anschließend wird die Forschungsfrage definiert und der Versuchsaufbau erörtert. Im Experiment soll getestet werden, ob es unterschiedliche Adaptationseffekte bei der Erkennung und dem Ausführen von nicht-eindeutigen sozialen Handlungen gibt. Es wird ein Versuchsaufbau entwickelt, bei welchem Probanden entweder aktiv durch komplementäre Handlungen auf die Handlungen von virtuellen Avataren reagieren sollen oder passiv durch das Drücken von Buttons. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse ausgewertet und ein Fazit
gezogen.
For years, agile methods are considered the most promising route toward successful software development, and a considerable number of published studies the (successful) use of agile methods and reports on the benefits companies have from adopting agile methods. Yet, since the world is not black or white, the question for what happened to the traditional models arises. Are traditional models replaced by agile methods? How is the transformation toward Agile managed, and, moreover, where did it start? With this paper we close a gap in literature by studying the general process use over time to investigate how traditional and agile methods are used. Is there coexistence or do agile methods accelerate the traditional processes’ extinction? The findings of our literature study comprise two major results: First, studies and reliable numbers on the general process model use are rare, i.e., we lack quantitative data on the actual process use and, thus, we often lack the ability to ground process-related research in practically relevant issues. Second, despite the assumed dominance of agile methods, our results clearly show that companies enact context-specific hybrid solutions in which traditional and agile development approaches are used in combination.
Entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises usually have issues on developing new prototypes, new ideas or testing new techniques. In order to help them, in the last years, academic Software Factories, a new concept of collaboration between universities and companies have been developed. Software Factories provide a unique environment for students and companies. Students benefit from the possibility of working in a real work environment learning how to apply the state of the art of the existing techniques and showing their skills to entrepreneurs. Companies benefit from the risk-free environment where they can develop new ideas, in a protected environment. Universities finally benefit from this setup as a perfect environment for empirical studies in industrial-like environment. In this paper, we present the network of academic Software Factories in Europe, showing how companies had already benefit from existing Software Factories and reporting success stories. The results of this paper can increase the network of the factories and help other universities and companies to setup similar environment to boost the local economy.
In recent years, the rise of social media received significant importance in marketing research and practice. Consequently, interfaces to social media platforms have also been integrated into Business-to-Business (B2B) salesforce applications, although very little is as yet known about their usage and general impact on B2B sales performance. This paper evaluates 1) the conceptualization of social media usage in dyadic B2B relationships; 2) the effects of a more differentiated usage construct on customer satisfaction; 3) antecedents of social media usage on multiple levels; and 4) the effectiveness of social media usage for different types of cus-tomers. The framework presented here is tested cross-industry against data collected from dyadic buyer-seller relationships in the IT service industry. The results elucidate the precondi-tions and the impact of social media usage strategies in B2B sales relations.
An ongoing challenge in our days is to lower the impact on the quality of life caused by dysfunctionality through individual support. With the background of an aging society and continuous increases in costs for care, a holistic solution is needed. This solution must integrate individual needs and preferences, locally available possibilities, regional conditions, professional and informal caregivers and provide the flexibility to implement future requirements. The proposed model is a result of a common initiative to overcome the major obstacles and to center a solution on individual needs caused by dysfunctionality.
Modern enterprises reshape and transform continuously by a multitude of management processes with different perspectives. They range from business process management to IT service management and the management of the information systems. Enterprise Architecture (EA) management seeks to provide such a perspective and to align the diverse management perspectives. Therefore, EA management cannot rely on hierarchic - in a tayloristic manner designed - management processes to achieve and promote this alignment. It, conversely, has to apply bottom-up, information-centered coordination mechanisms to ensure that different management processes are aligned with each other and enterprise strategy. Social software provides such a bottom-up mechanism for providing support within EAM-processes. Consequently, challenges of EA management processes are investigated, and contributions of social software presented. A cockpit provides interactive functions and visualization methods to cope with this complexity and enable the practical use of social software in enterprise architecture management processes.
Leveraging textual information for improving decision making in the business process lifecycle
(2015)
Business process implementations fail, because requirements are elicited incompletely. At the same time, a huge amount of unstructured data is not used for decision-making during the business process lifecycle. Data from questionnaires and interviews is collected but not exploited because the effort doing so is too high. Therefore, this paper shows how to leverage textual information for improving decision making in the business process lifecycle. To do so, text mining is used for analyzing questionnaires and interviews.
Excellence in IT is a key enabler for the digital transformation of enterprises. To realize the vision of digital enterprises it is necessary to cope with changing business requirements and to align business and IT. In order to evaluate the contribution of enterprise architecture management to these goals, our paper explores the impact of various factors to the perceived benefit of EAM in enterprises. Based on literature, we build an empirical research model. It is tested with empirical data of European EAM experts using a structural equation modelling approach. It is shown that changing business requirements, IT business alignment, the complexity of information technology infrastructure as well as enterprise architecture knowledge of information technology employees are crucial impact factors to the perceived benefit of EAM in enterprises.
Workshop Java EE 7 : ein praktischer Einstieg in die Java Enterprise Edition mit dem Web Profile
(2015)
Dieses Arbeitsbuch bietet Ihnen eine praktische Einführung in die Entwicklung von Business- Anwendungen mit Java EE 7. Schrittweise erstellen Sie eine einfach nachvollziehbare Beispielanwendung auf Grundlage des Web Profile. Dabei lernen Sie alle wichtigen Technologien und Konzepte von Java EE 7 kennen, u.a.: Grafische Oberflächen mit JavaServer Faces und HTML5; Business-Logik mit CDI und EJB; Persistenz mit JPA; Kommunikation mit REST, SOAP und WebSockets; Erweiterte Konzepte wie Resource Library Contracts, Interceptors, Transaktionen, Timer und Security. Über Java EE 7 hinaus wird auch auf weitere praxisrelevante Themen wie Build Management und Testing eingegangen. Das Deployment wird auf den Applikationsservern WildFly 8 und Glassfish 4 sowie über das Cloud-Angebot OpenShift durchgeführt. Am Ende einer jeden Entwicklungsphase finden Sie Übungen und Fragen zur Lernkontrolle.Nach der erfolgreichen Lektüre sind Sie in der Lage, Java-EE-7-Anwendungen selbständig aufzusetzen, zu entwickeln und auf einem Anwendungsserver zu verteilen. Kenntnisse in der Entwicklung mit Java werden vorausgesetzt. Grundlagen von HTML und der Architektur von Webanwendungen sind hilfreich. In der 2. Auflage wird nun auch die Internationalisierung sowie die Erstellung funktionaler Tests mit Graphene behandelt.
Business processes are important knowledge resources of a company. The knowledge contained in business processes impart procedures used to create products and services. However, modelling and application of business processes are affected by problems connected to knowledge transfer. This paper presents and implements a layered model to improve the knowledge transfer. Thus modelling and understanding of business process models is supported. An evaluation of the approach is presented and results and other areas of application are discussed.
Knowledge is an important resource, whose transfer is still not completely understood. The underlying belief of this thesis is that knowledge cannot be transferred directly from one person to another but must be converted for the transfer and therefore is subject to loss of knowledge and misunderstanding. This thesis proposes a new model for knowledge transfer and empirically evaluates this model. The model is based on the belief that knowledge must be encoded by the sender to transfer it to the receiver, who has to decode the message to obtain knowledge.
To prepare for the model this thesis provides an overview about models for knowledge transfer and factors that influence knowledge transfer. The proposed theoretical model for knowledge transfer is implemented in a prototype to demonstrate its applicability. The model describes the influence of the four layers, namely code, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic layers, on the encoding and decoding of the message. The precise description of the influencing factors and the overlapping knowledge from sender and receiver facilitate its implementation.
The application area of the layered model for knowledge transfer was chosen to be business process modelling. Business processes incorporate an important knowledge resource of an organisation as they describe the procedures for the production of products and services. The implementation in a software prototype allows a precise description of the process by adding semantic to the simple business process modelling language used.
This thesis contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a new model for knowledge transfer, which shows the process of knowledge transfer in greater detail and highlights influencing factors. The implementation in the area of business process modelling reveals the support provided by the model. An expert evaluation indicates that the implementation of the proposed model supports knowledge transfer in business process modelling. The results of the qualitative evaluation are supported by the findings of a qualitative evaluation, performed as a quasi-experiment with a pre-test/post-test design and two experimental groups and one control group. Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that the group that used the tool that implemented the layered model performed significantly better in terms of completeness (the degree of completeness achieved in the transfer) in comparison with the group that used a standard BPM tool (Z = 3.057, p = 0.002, r = 0.59) and the control group that used pen and paper (Z = 3.859, p < 0.001, r = 0.72). The experiment indicates that the implementation of the layered model supports the creation of a business process and facilitates a more precise representation.