330 Wirtschaft
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This paper presents the preliminary results of a setof research projects being developed at the distributed resources laboratory at the University of Reutlingen. The main aim of these projects is to couple distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) with distributed control of microgrids. Firstly, a DLT based solution for a local market platform has been developed. This enables end customers to participate in new local micro-energy-markets by providing them with a distributed, decentralized, transparent and secure Peer to Peer (P2P) payment system. Secondly, this solution has been integrated with an autonomous (agent-based) grid management. The integrated solution of both marked platform as well as agent based control has been implemented and tested in a real microgrid with different distributed components such as PV System, CHP and different kinds of controllable loads. This microgrid is located in the distributed energy resources laboratory at the University of Reutlingen. Thirdly, the resulting solution is being implemented as an easy to customize market solution by AC2SG Software Oy, a Finland based software company, developing solutions for the Indian market. In a next phase, the solution is going to be tested in real environment in off-grids systems in India.
The diversity of energy prosumer types makes it difficult to create appropriate incentive mechanisms that satisfy both prosumers and energy system operators alike. Meanwhile, European energy suppliers buy guarantees of origin (GoO) which allow them to sell green energy at premium prices while in reality delivering grey energy to their customers. Blockchain technology has proven itself to be a robust paying system in which users transact money without the involvement of a third party. Blockchain tokens can be used to represent a unit of energy and, just as GoOs, be submitted to the market. This paper focuses on simulating marketplace using the ethereum blockchain and smart contracts, where prosumers can sell tokenized GoOs to consumers willing to subsidize renewable energy producers. Such markets bypass energy providers by allowing consumers to obtain tokenized GoOs directly from the producers, which in turn benefit directly from the earnings. Two market strategies where tokens are sold as GoOs have been simulated. In the Fix Price Strategy prosumers sell their tokens to the average GoO price of 2014. The Variable Price Strategy focuses on selling tokens at a price range defined by the difference between grey and green energy. The study finds that the ethereum blockchain is robust enough to functions as a platform for tokenized GoO trading. Simulation results have been compared and the results indicate that prosumers earn significantly more money by following the Variable Price
Strategy.