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Product-Service Systems (PSS) in the fashion industry : an analysis of intra-organizational factors
(2018)
The fashion industry is a vast industry that has grown tremendously over the last decades. This growth causes significant environmental impact since the production of clothes involves high input of energy, water, chemicals and generates great volumes of waste. Even though fashion firms have started to address this challenge by adopting environmental standards, it has turned out that the sole use of eco-friendly material and new manufacturing techniques is insufficient. Instead, sustainable business models are increasingly gaining attention to solve the environmental problems. Offers to rent, swap, repair or redesign clothes are among the most prominent and promising examples. For analytical purposes, these concepts can be assigned to the growing research stream of Product-Service Systems (PSS) that shift the focus from the pure sale of a product toward complementary or substitutional service offers. This decouples customer satisfaction from material consumption, prolongs the garments' lifetime and thus diminishes both material input and appertaining waste. Besides environmental sustainability, PSS imply potential economic benefits for organizations. Particularly in highly competitive industries like the fashion industry, PSS allow firms to differentiate, better compete with cost pressure and mitigate the risk of being imitated by rivels since service is more difficult to replicate. However, fashion PSS are still mainly operated in a niche market by small firms and have yet to be anchored in the mainstream fashion industry.
Implementation of product-service systems (PSS) requires structural changes in the way that business in manufacturing industries is traditionally conducted. Literature frequently mentions the importance of human resource management (HRM), since people are involved in the entire process of PSS development and employees are the primary link to customers. However, to this day, no study has provided empirical evidence whether and in what way HRM of firms that implement PSS differs from HRM of firms that solely run a traditional manufacturing based business model. The aim of this study is to contribute to closing this gap by investigating the particular HR components of manufacturing firms that implement PSS and compare it with the HRM of firms that do not. The context of this study is the fashion industry, which is an ideal setting since it is a mature and highly competitive industry that is well-documented for causing significant environmental impact. PSS present a promising opportunity for fashion firms to differentiate and mitigate the industry’s ecological footprint. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to analyze data of 102 international fashion firms. Findings reveal a significant higher focus on nearly the entire spectrum of HRM components of firms that implement PSS compared with firms that do not. Empirical findings and their interpretation are utilized to propose a general framework of the role of HRM for PSS implementation. This serves as a departure point for both scholars and practitioners for further research, and fosters the understanding of the role of HRM for managing PSS implementation.
Venture capital and the innovative power of a state : econometric study including Google data
(2015)
This article focuses on venture capital investments and the innovative power of a state defined by its public infrastructure. The economic implications are evaluated by estimating several panel regression models. The novelty is twofold: on the one hand the research approach and on the other hand the new data set. The data ranges from 1995 to 2014 and consists of 10 European countries plus the US and Canada. For the first time we include Google search data on Venture Capital. The results show a significant increase in Venture Capital is mainly determined by economic conditions such as real GDP growth. The impact of the innovative power of a state is not significant. We find that Google data is positively related and significant in respect to Venture Capital investments too. Consequently, we confirm that private business investments cannot be created by government policy alone rather via solid macroeconomic conditions.
User innovators follow multiple diffusion and adoption pathways for their self-developed innovations. Users may choose to commercialize their self-developed products on the marketplace by becoming entrepreneurs. Few studies exist that focus on understanding personal and interpersonal factors that affect some user innovators’ entrepreneurial decision-making. Hence, this paper focuses on how user innovators make key decisions relating to opportunity recognition and evaluation and when opportunity evaluation leads to subsequent entrepreneurial action in the entrepreneurial process. We conducted an exploratory study using a multi-grounded theory methodology as the user entrepreneurship phenomenon embodies complex social processes. We collected data through the netnography approach that targeted 18 entrepreneurs with potentially relevant differences through crowdfunding platforms. We integrated self-determination, human capital, and social capital theory to address the phenomena under study. This study’s significant findings posit that users’ motives are dissatisfaction with existing goods, interest in innovation, altruism, social recognition, desire for independence, and economic benefits. Besides, use-related experience, product-related knowledge, product diffusion, and iterative feedback positively impact innovative users’ entrepreneurial decision-making.
Being exposed to compulsory religious education in school can have long-run consequences for students’ lives. At different points in time since the 1970s, German states terminated compulsory religious education in public schools and replaced it by a choice between ethics classes and religious education. This article shows that the reform not only led to reduced religiosity in students’ later life, but also eroded traditional attitudes towards gender roles and increased labor-market participation and earnings.
Die Digitalisierung vrändert die Arbeitsweisen in Unternehmen und damit auch bei der Planung von Fabriken. Am Markt verfügbar sind vielfältige Soft- und Hardwaresysteme für die Digitale Fabrik, die die Fabrikplanung unterstützen und teilweise revolutionieren können. Um dieses Potential zu nutzen, muss aber bekannt sein, was diese Systeme können und wie sie sinnvoll genutzt werden können. Bisherige Fabrikplanungssystematiken haben hierzu keine Unterstützung angeboten, da sie nur das generelle Vorgehen der Fabrikplanung beschreiben, ohne den Zusammenhang zu den sich rasch entwickelnden Soft- und Hardwaresystemen herzustellen. Im Folgenden wird die Entwicklung und Umsetzung eines Planungsvorgehens für die Digitale Fabrikplanung dargestellt, das die Potentiale der Soft- und Hardwaresysteme für die Digitale Fabrik aufgreift und in ein passendes Planungsvorgehensmodell integriert.
Es gibt viele und teilweise sehr unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen für die Planung von Materialflusssysstemen in der Produktionslogisitk. Ein spezifisches Vorgehensmodell für die Planung der Produktionsversorgung in der Montage im engeren Sinne existiert nicht. Im Folgenden wird ein solches Vorgehensmodell dargestellt, das sich auf die Planung der Produktionsversorgung fokussiert.
An die Produktionslogistik werden komplexe
Anforderungen gestellt, so dass eine systematische Vorgehensweise zu deren Planung erforderlich ist. Aufgrund der Abhängigkeiten in der Supply Chain muss die Produtkionslogistik immer vom Lieferanten beginnend geplant werden. Trotz der Vielfalt an Planungssystematiken bieten diese alle nur sehr wenig Unterstützung bei der Gestaltung der einzelnen Planungsobjekte in der Logistikkette an, sodass die Planung und Lösungsfindung häufig intuitiv erfolgt und sehr stark vom individuellen Erfahrungswissen des Logistikplaners abhängt. Im Folgenden wird eine Planungssystematik, die auf Morphologien basiert, vorgestellt, die eine durchgängige Planung von Produktionslogistiksystemen ermöglicht und den Planer umgfangreich mit Informationen zu Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und praktischen Umsetzungen unterstützt.