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Acting like a startup - using corporate startup structures to manage the digital transformation
(2023)
Digital transformation is proving to be a significant challenge for firms and companies when it comes to maintaining their market position. It is evident that many companies are struggling to find their particular way through this transformation. A corporate startup structure is one way to find a suitable solution quickly. Therefore, we are presenting a model for corporate startup activities, which we will instantiate in an appropriate tool to support the management of corporate startups by their parent firms. We have derived the first requirements and design principles from a comprehensive problem analysis and literature study. In addition to this,we are presenting a first artifact, which should realize the design principles by implementing a practical tool. Forming a cooperation with an automotive firm has enabled us to gain access to real-world data for the design and evaluation of the artifact.
Digitalization and enterprise architecture management: a perspective on benefits and challenges
(2023)
Many companies digitally transform their business models, processes, and services. They have also been using Enterprise Architecture Management approaches for a long time to synchronize corporate strategy and information technology. Such digitalization projects bring different challenges for Enterprise Architecture Management. Without understanding and addressing them, Enterprise Architecture Management projects will fail or not deliver the expected value. Since existing research has not yet addressed these challenges, they were investigated based on a qualitative expert study with leading industry experts from Europe. Furthermore, potential benefits of digitalization projects for Enterprise Architecture Management were researched. Our results provide a theoretical framework consisting of five identified challenges, triggers and a number of benefits. Furthermore, we discuss in what ways digitalization and EAM is a promising topic for future research.
Context
In a world of high dynamics and uncertainties, it is almost impossible to have a long-term prediction of which products, services, or features will satisfy the needs of the customer. To counter this situation, the conduction of Continuous Improvement or Design Thinking for product discovery are common approaches. A major constraint in conducting product discovery activities is the high effort to discover and validate features and requirements. In addition, companies struggle to integrate product discovery activities into their agile processes and iterations.
Objective
This paper aims at suggests a supportive tool, the “Discovery Effort Worthiness (DEW) Index”, for product owners and agile teams to determine a suitable amount of effort that should be spent on Design Thinking activities. To operationalize DEW, proposals for practitioners are presented that can be used to integrate product discovery into product development and delivery.
Method
A case study was conducted for the development of the DEW index. In addition, we conducted an expert workshop to develop proposals for the integration of product discovery activities into the product development and delivery process.
Results
First, we present the "Discovery Effort Worthiness Index" in form of a formula. Second, we identified requirements that must be fulfilled for systematic integration of product discovery activities into product development and delivery. Third, we derived from the requirements proposals for the integration of product discovery activities with a company's product development and delivery.
Conclusion
The developed "Discovery Effort Worthiness Index" provides a tool for companies and their product owners to determine how much effort they should spend on Design Thinking methods to discover and validate requirements. Integrating product discovery with product development and delivery should ensure that the results of product discovery are incorporated into product development. This aims to systematically analyze product risks to increase the chance of product success.
The relevance of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) has increased over the last few years. Combining RPA with Artificial Intelligence (AI) can further enhance the business value of the technology. The aim of this research was to analyze applications, terminology, benefits, and challenges of combining the two technologies. A total of 60 articles were analyzed in a systematic literature review to evaluate the aforementioned areas. The results show that by adding AI, RPA applications can be used in more complex contexts, it is possible to minimize the human factor during the development process, and AI-based decision-making can be integrated into RPA routines. This paper also presents a current overview of the used terminology. Moreover, it shows that by integrating AI, some unseen challenges in RPA projects can emerge, but also a lot of new benefits will come along with it. Based on the outcome, it is concluded that the topic offers a lot of potential, but further research and development is required. The result of this study help researches to gain an overview of the state-of-the-art in combining RPA and AI.
Purpose
In recognising the key role of business intelligence and big data analytics in influencing companies’ decision-making processes, this paper aims to codify the main phases through which companies can approach, develop and manage big data analytics.
Design/methodology/approach
By adopting a research strategy based on case studies, this paper depicts the main phases and challenges that companies “live” through in approaching big data analytics as a way to support their decision-making processes. The analysis of case studies has been chosen as the main research method because it offers the possibility for different data sources to describe a phenomenon and subsequently to develop and test theories.
Findings
This paper provides a possible depiction of the main phases and challenges through which the approach(es) to big data analytics can emerge and evolve over time with reference to companies’ decision-making processes.
Research limitations/implications
This paper recalls the attention of researchers in defining clear patterns through which technology-based approaches should be developed. In its depiction of the main phases of the development of big data analytics in companies’ decision-making processes, this paper highlights the possible domains in which to define and renovate approaches to value. The proposed conceptual model derives from the adoption of an inductive approach. Despite its validity, it is discussed and questioned through multiple case studies. In addition, its generalisability requires further discussion and analysis in the light of alternative interpretative perspectives.
Practical implications
The reflections herein offer practitioners interested in company management the possibility to develop performance measurement tools that can evaluate how each phase can contribute to companies’ value creation processes.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the ongoing debate about the role of digital technologies in influencing managerial and social models. This paper provides a conceptual model that is able to support both researchers and practitioners in understanding through which phases big data analytics can be approached and managed to enhance value processes.
„Bürgerrechtler klagen gegen Weitergabe von Gesundheitsdaten“ – so titelt (spiegel.de, 2022) am 29.04.2022. Dabei geht es um die Weitergabe pseudonymisierter Daten von 73 Millionen Versicherten durch die gesetzlichen Krankenkassen. Diese Daten sollen der Forschung zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Die Kläger bezweifeln, dass die Daten nicht deanonymisiert werden können. Dieses aktuelle Beispiel zeigt einen konkreten und relevanten Anwendungsfall des Themas Anonymisierung/Pseudonymisierung im aktuariellen Kontext auf. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass die Relevanz in den kommenden Jahren weiter zunehmen wird.
Spätestens seit dem Inkrafttreten der DSGVO ist das Thema Datenschutz allgegenwärtig und stellt uns Aktuare vor große Herausforderungen. Europäische Initiativen zur Schaffung eines Binnenmarktes für Daten sollen zwar die Möglichkeit schaffen, Daten einfacher zu teilen und so beispielsweise Dritten für Forschungszwecke zur Verfügung zu stellen, werfen aber auch viele Fragestellungen auf. Eine naheliegende Lösung ist es, Daten zu anonymisieren oder zu pseudonymisieren. Aber was bedeutet das konkret und welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich daraus? Bis zu welchem Grad müssen Daten anonymisiert werden und welche ReIdentifikationsrisiken bestehen weiterhin?
Enterprise architecture (EA) is useful for promoting digital transformation in global companies and information societies. In this paper, the authors investigated and analyzed the process for digital transformation in global companies, together with related work in using and applying an enterprise architecture framework for the digital era named the adaptive integrated digital architecture framework (AIDAF). Moreover, they position the AIDAF framework for processing digital transformation in global companies. Based on this analysis, the authors propose and describe a new enterprise architecture process for promoting digital transformation in global companies. Furthermore, the authors propose an adaptive EA cycle-based architecture board framework on digital platforms, while verifying them with case studies in global companies. Finally, the authors clarify the challenges and critical success factors of the process and framework for digital transformation with architecture board reviews in the adaptive EA cycle to assist EA practitioners with its implementation.
Bausparverträge sind kombinierte Spar- und Finanzierungsinstrumente, die für die breite Bevölkerung ausgelegt sind. Im Jahr 2020 umfasste der Bestand an Bausparverträgen in Deutschland ca. 25 Mio. Verträge. Ein wesentlicher Teil der Attraktivität des Bausparvertrags für Kunden liegt in der hohen Flexibilität dieser Finanzprodukte, die im Vertragsablauf eine flexible Anpassung an individuelle Finanzierungsbedingungen ermöglicht. In der Sparphase sind das insbesondere Möglichkeiten zur Erhöhung, Ermäßigung und Teilung der Verträge sowie zur relativ flexiblen Anpassung der Sparrate. Bei einem zuteilungsreifen Vertrag kann die Sparphase innerhalb bestimmter zeitlicher Grenzen fortgesetzt werden. In der Darlehensphase sind flexible Sondertilgungen jederzeit und ohne Vorfälligkeitsentschädigung möglich.
Die Vielzahl eingebetteter Optionen beeinflussen sich wechselseitig und müssen in ihrer Wirkungsweise immer gesamthaft betrachtet und gesteuert werden. Die empirische Erfahrung der letzten Jahrzehnte zeigt bezüglich der Optionsausübung ein Kundenverhalten, das sich zwar an finanzmathematischen Überlegungen orientiert, aber nicht vollständig finanzrational abläuft.
Das ZD.BB - Digitaler Hub für kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen in der Region Stuttgart
(2020)
Die Digitale Transformation ist eines der meistdiskutierten Themen in der heutigen Geschäftswelt. Viele Unternehmen, vor allem kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU), tun sich schwer die Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung einzuschätzen. Mit all den Möglichkeiten und Chancen, welche die Digitalisierung birgt, droht Unternehmen, die sich vor den Entwicklungen verschließen, der Verlust ihrer Markt- und Wettbewerbsposition. Mit dem im Februar 2019 eröffneten Digital Hub ZD.BB (Zentrum Digitalisierung) besteht in der Region Stuttgart eine neue, zentrale Anlaufstelle für Fragen rund um das Thema Digitalisierung. Am ZD.BB erhalten kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) sowie Startups für ihre digitalen Transformationsprozesse eine kompetente Beratung und Betreuung. Sie geht von der Sensibilisierung über die Analyse bis zur Lösungsentwicklung für digitale Prozesse. Mithilfe einer digitalen Qualifizierungsoffensive und mittelstandsgerechten Methoden zur Geschäftsmodellentwicklung werden Unternehmen im ZD.BB umfassend bei ihren Digitalisierungsvorhaben unterstützt. Dazu werden in Innovationslaboren, in Coworking Spaces und bei Events unterschiedliche Kompetenzen, Disziplinen, Ideen, Technologien und Kreativität vernetzt und auf diese Weise digitale Innovationen hervorgebracht.
Predictive maintenance information systems: the underlying conditions and technological aspects
(2020)
Predictive maintenance has the potential to improve the reliability of production and service provisioning. However, there is little knowledge about the proper implementation of predictive maintenance in research and practice. Therefore, we conducted a multi-case study and investigated underlying conditions and technological aspects for implementing a predictive maintenance system and where it leads to. We found that predictive maintenance initiatives are triggered by severe impacts of failures on revenue and profit. Furthermore, successful predictive maintenance initiatives require that pre-conditions are fulfilled: Data must be available and accessible. Very important is also the support by the management. We identified four factors important for the implementation of predictive maintenance. The integration of data is highly facilitated by Cloud-based mechanisms. The detection of events is enabled by advanced analytics. The execution of predictive maintenance operations is supported by data-driven process automation and visualization.
A holistic approach to digitization enables decision-makers to achieve new efficiency in corporate performance management. The digitalization improves the quality, validity and speed of information retrieval and processing. At present, most corporations are confronted with the problem of not being able to organize, categorize and visualize decision-relevant information. To meet the challenges of information management, the Management Cockpit provides an information center for managers. In accordance with the specific working environment of the executives, the Management Cockpit offers a quick and comprehensive overview of the company's situation. Today, the current situation of a company is no longer only influenced by internal factors, but also by its public image. Social media monitoring and analysis is therefore a crucial component for the external factors of successful management. Real-time monitoring of the emotions and behaviors of consumers and customers thus contributes to effective controlling of allbusiness areas. The intelligent factories promise to collect data for internal factors, but the current reality in manufacturing looks different. Production often consists of a large number of different machines, with varying degrees of digitization and limited sensor data availability. In order to close this gap, we developed a compact sensor board with network components, which allows a flexible design with different sensors for a wide variety of applications. The sensor data enable decision makers to adapt the supply chain based on their internal and external observations in the Management Cockpit. Due to the realtime and long-term monitoring and analytic possibilities the Management Cockpit provides a multi-dimensional view of the company and supports an holistic Corporate Performance Management.
Hochschulen sind Teil des Innovationsökosystems: in einer kooperativen Austauschbeziehung fördern sie die regionale Wirtschaft und die gesellschaftliche Entwicklung. Deshalb ist die Förderung von Innovation, Kreativität und unternehmerischem Denken eine wichtige Aufgabe. Die Europäische Kommission hat bereits 2005 unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln als Schlüsselkompetenz für das 21. Jahrhundert definiert: „Unternehmerische Kompetenz ist die Fähigkeit, Ideen in die Tat umzusetzen“ (Europäische Kommission, 2005, S. 21). Entrepreneurship Education boomt und die Förderung von unternehmerischen Kompetenzen an Hochschulen wird vorangetrieben – damit ist die Förderung von Gründungskultur nicht nur Teil der Wirtschaftsbildung sondern vielmehr als Querschnittsaufgabe zu verstehen. Die Entrepreneurial Mission verändert die Lehr- und Lern kultur an den Hochschulen. Zum einen ist es Ziel, Entrepreneurship in der Breite an den Hochschulen zu verankern: Unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln ist eine Kernkompetenz. Zum anderen fördert die Start-up Education an Hochschulen aktiv Unternehmertalente und Ausgründungen.
Das Projekt “Spinnovation” ist ein Verbundprojekt der Hochschule Reutlingen, der Hochschule Aalen und der Hochschule der Medien und wird vom Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg in der Ausschreibung „Gründungskultur in Studium und Lehre“ gefördert. Seit 2016 wurden dazu an den beteiligten Hochschulen zahlreiche neue Angebote für Studierende entwickelt, um das Thema Entrepreneurship Education curricular zu integrieren und eine Änderung des Mindsets in Richtung Entrepreneurship und Innovation zu bewirken. Basierend auf den Erfahrungen und Ergebnissen aus dem Verbundprojekt Spinnovation können konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen für die Entrepreneurship Education an Hochschulen abgeleitet werden.
The livestock sector is growing steadily and is responsible for around 18% of global greenhouse‐gas‐emissions, which is more than the global transport sec-tor (Steinfeld et al. 2006). This paper examines the potential of social marketing to reduce meat consumption. The aim is to understand consumers’ motivation in diet choices and to learn what opportunities social marketing can provide to counteract negative environmental and health trends. The authors believe that research to answer this question should start in metropolitan areas, be-cause measures should be especially effective there. Based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB, Ajzen 1991) and the Technology‐Acceptance‐Model by Huijts et al. (2012), an online‐study with participants from the metropolitan region (n = 708) was conducted in which central socio‐psychological constructs for a meat consumption reduction were examined. It was shown that attitude, personal norm and habit have a critical influence on the intention to reduce meat consumption. A segmentation of consumers based on these factors led to three consumer clusters: vegetarians/flexitarians, potential flexitarians and convinced meat eaters. Potential flexitarians are an especially relevant target group for the development of social‐marketing‐measures to reduce meat consumption. In co‐creation‐workshops with potential flexitarians from the metropolitan region, barriers and benefits of reducing meat consumption were identified. The factors of environmental protection, animal welfare and desire for variety turn out to be the most relevant motivational factors. Based on these factors, consumers proposed a variety of social marketing measures, such as applications and labels to inform about the environmental impact of meat products.
Die Entwicklung eines Medizinproduktes benötigt in der Regel mehrere Jahre. Gesetzliche Vorgaben, wie zum Beispiel das Medizinprodukte Durchführungsgesetz, bestimmen, welche Schritte während der Entwicklung durchgeführt werden müssen. Deren Einhaltung muss in der technischen Dokumentation nachgewiesen werden. Die darin enthaltenen technischen Dokumente entstehen im Verlauf der Entwicklung. Diese bauen aufeinander auf und verweisen sich gegenseitig. Dadurch entstehen heterogene und unübersichtliche Strukturen. Eine Lösung für dieses Problem bietet Traceability. Traceability sorgt dafür, dass die Anforderungen an das Medizinprodukt mit Dokumenten, wie dem Anforderungskatalog, Lastenheft oder der Spezifikation verknüpft werden können. Somit ist jederzeit nachvollziehbar, welche Anforderungen mit welchem Test, welchen Änderungen oder welchen Ergebnissen zusammenhängen. Ein wichtiger Prozess bei der Entwicklung von Medizinprodukten ist zudem das Usability Engineering, wodurch die Sicherheit eines Medizinprodukts sichergestellt und Risiken bei der Anwendung minimiert werden sollen. In diesem Prozess entstehen viele Artefakte, wie zum Beispiel Usability-Berichte. Um den Überblick über alle Usability-Daten behalten zu können, können diese mithilfe von Traceability verknüpft werden. In diesem Artikel wird herausgestellt, welche Voraussetzungen für das Usability Engineering in der Medizintechnik an Traceability gestellt
werden.
Requirements Engineering (RE) umfasst sämtliche systematische Schritte zur Entwicklung eines Systems, um die Bedürfnisse der Nutzer und Vorgaben, die an dieses gestellt werden, zu erfüllen. Das RE eines ausgewählten Herstellers für klinische Informationssysteme (KIS) wurde untersucht und es stellt sich als intransparent als auch teilweise unzureichend dar. Das Ausmaß des Einsatzes von systematischen Vorgehensweisen und Methoden zum RE wurden beim ausgewählten KIS-Hersteller analysiert. Die Analyse zeigt, dass RE weit verbreitet ist, aber differenziert betrieben wird.
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Stand der Technik des RE für die KIS Entwicklung zu ermitteln. Es werden wichtige Faktoren des RE für die Entwicklung von KIS beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit werden als erster Schritt für die Optimierung des RE des ausgewählten KIS-Herstellers dienen.
Companies are continuously changing their strategy, processes, and information systems to benefit from the digital transformation. Controlling the digital architecture and governance is the fundamental goal. Enterprise Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) systems are vital for managing digital risks threatening in modern enterprises from many different angles. The most significant constituent to GRC systems is the definition of controls that is implemented on different layers of a digital Enterprise Architecture (EA). As part of the compliant aspect of GRC, the effectiveness of these controls is assessed and reported to relevant management bodies within the enterprise. In this paper, we present a metamodel which links controls to the affected elements of a digital EA and supplies a way of expressing associated assessment techniques and results. We complement a metamodel with an expository instantiation of a control compliance cockpit in an international insurance enterprise.
Business process models provide a considerable number of benefits for enterprises and organizations, but the creation of such models is costly and time-consuming, which slows down the organizational adoption of business process modeling. Social paradigms pave new ways for business process modeling by integrating stakeholders and leveraging knowledge sources. However, empirical research about the impact of social paradigms on costs of business process modeling is sparse. A better understanding of their impact could help to reduce the cost of business process modeling and improve decision-making on BPM activities. The paper constributes to this field by reporting about an empirical investigation via survey research on the perceived influence of different cost factors among experts. Our results indicate that different cost components, as well as the use of social paradigms, influence cost.
Due to the consequential impact of technological breakdowns, companies have to be prepared to deal with breakdowns or even better prevent them. In today's information technology, several methods and tools exist to downscale this concern. Therefore, this paper deals with the initial determination of a resilient enterprise architecture supporting predictive maintenance in the information technology domain and furthermore, concerns several mechanisms on how to reactively and proactively secure the state of resiliency on several abstraction levels. The objective of this paper is to give an overview on existing mechanisms for resiliency and to describe the foundation of an optimized approach, combining infrastructure and process mining techniques.
Purpose – Many start-ups are in search of cooperation partners to develop their innovative business models. In response, incumbent firms are introducing increasingly more cooperation systems to engage with startups. However, many of these cooperations end in failure. Although qualitative studies on cooperation models have tried to improve the effectiveness of incumbent start-up strategies, only a few have empirically examined start-up cooperation behavior. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach – Drawing from a series of qualitative and quantitative studies. The scale dimensions are identified on an interview based qualitative study. Following workshops and questionnaire-based studies identify factors and rank them. These ranked factors are then used to build a measurement scale that is integrated in a standardized online questionnaire addressing start-ups. The gathered data are then analyzed using PLS-SEM.
Findings – The research was able to build a multi-item scale for start-ups cooperation behavior. This scale can be used in future research. The paper also provides a causal analysis on the impact of cooperation behavior on start-up performance. The research finds, that the found dimensions are suitable for measuring cooperation behavior. It also shows a minor positive effect on start-up’s performance.
Originality/value – The research fills the gap of lacking empirical research on the cooperation between start-ups and established firms. Also, most past studies focus on organizational structures and their performance when addressing these cooperations. Although past studies identified the start-ups behavior as a relevant factor, no empirical research has been conducted on the topic yet.
Early reduction of risks in a startup or an innovation project is highly important. Appropriate means for risk reduction, such as testing business models with different kinds of experiments exist. However, deciding what to test and how to select the right test, is challenging for many startups and innovation projects. This article presents the so-called Business Experiments Navigator (BEN), a toolkit to assist startup and innovation processes. It compliments other tools such as the Business Model Canvas or the Lean Startup process. The main contribution of BEN is to bridge the gap between the riskiest assumptions of a business model and the multitude of available testing techniques by providing assumption templates. The Business Experiments Navigator has been validated in several workshops. Results show that it creates awareness among the workshop participants that a business model is based on assumptions which impose risks and need to be validated. Further, users of BEN were able to identify relevant assumptions and map different kinds of assumptions to appropriate testing techniques. The process applied in the workshops, as well as the assumption templates, helped the participants understand the main concepts and transfer their learnings, to their own business ideas.