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This paper introduces a highly scalable heteromodular origami art technique for constructing 3D framework structures using elementary struts and connectors folded from uncut sheets of standard A4 office paper. The presented technique, named ZEBRA, allows the design of meter-scale architectural objects, such as truss bridges and towers, which are capable of bearing substantial mechanical loads. Moving parts, ranging from simple levers to complete multi-bar linkages, can be integrated into static frameworks using a set of kinematic extensions. An overview is given of how the ZEBRA system can be used to teach university students various theoretical and practical aspects of the engineering sciences in an entertaining and hands-on way.
Woven piezoelectric sensors as part of the textile reinforcement of fiber reinforced plastics
(2019)
Sensor integration in fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) structures enables online process and structural health monitoring (SHM). This paper describes the development and application of woven fabric-based piezoelectric impact and bending sensors for integration into FRP. The work focuses on design and characterization of woven piezoelectric sensors, especially as a part of the reinforcement structure. The reinforcement of the component acts as a sensor in itself and therefore no additional external objects in the form of sensor components or sensor fibers, which could create unwanted weak points within the FRP, are added. The bending test results reveal a direct relationship between the applied load and the sensor signal. Furthermore, the appropriate sensor position in the component cross section was determined and the influence of thermal polarization on the sensor properties was investigated.
This book is about the challenges that emerge for organizations from an ever faster changing world. While useful at their time, several management tools, including classic strategic planning processes, will no longer suffice to address these challenges in a timely and comprehensive fashion. While individual management tools are still valid to solve specific problems, they need to be employed based on a clear understanding of what the greater challenge is and how they need to be combined and prioritized with other approaches. In order to do so, companies can apply the clarity of thinking from the military with regard to which leadership level is responsible for what and how these levels need to interact in order to produce a single aligned response to an outside opportunity or threat. Finally, the tool of business wargaming, while known for some time, proves to be an ideal approach to quickly and effectively bring all leadership levels together, align them around a common objective and lay the groundwork for effective implementation of targeted responses that will keep the organization competitive and in the game for the long run. The book offers a comprehensive introduction to business wargaming, including a historical account, a classification of different types of games and a number of specific real-world examples. This book is targeted at practicing managers dealing with the aforementioned challenges, as well as for students of business and strategy at every level.
Although sports is generally defined as motor activity, it has always been much more than that. Since management and sports follow the same objective of achieving highest performance, correlation between these two fields nowadays become increasingly interesting in terms of corporate strategy. This chapter aims to point out how organisations as well as individuals can benefit from the general and psychological values and strategies of sports, by first looking at the general framework of professional sports an futher applying approaches from various types of sports directly to certain business functions like general management, human resource management and marketing management. The chapter concludes with an international case study and brief outlook.
In breath analysis, ambient air contaminations are ubiquitous and difficult to eliminate. This study was designed to investigate the reduction of ambient air background by a lung wash-out with synthetic air. The reduction of the initial ambient air volatile organic compound (VOC) intensity was investigated in the breath of 20 volunteers inhaling synthetic air via a sealed full face mask in comparison to inhaling ambient air. Over a period of 30 minutes, breath analysis was conducted using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to a multi-capillary column. A total of 68 VOCs were identified for inhaling ambient air or inhaling synthetic air. By treatment with synthetic air, 39 VOCs decreased in intensity, whereas 29 increased in comparison to inhaling ambient air. In total, seven VOCs were significantly reduced (P-value < 0.05). A complete wash-out of VOCs in this setting was not observed, whereby a statistically significant reduction up to 65% as for terpinolene was achieved. Our setting successfully demonstrated a reduction of ambient air contaminations from the airways by a lung wash-out with synthetic air.
Enterprises and societies currently face crucial challenges, while Society 5.0 can contribute to a supersmart society, especially for manufacturing and healthcare, and Industry 4.0 becomes important in the global manufacturing industry. Smart energy digital platforms are architected to manage energy supply efficiently. Furthermore, the above digital platforms are expected to collect various kinds of data and analyze Big Data for the trends in the sharing economy in ecosystems. The adaptive integrated digital architecture framework (AIDAF) for Design Thinking Approach with Risk Management is expected to make an alignment with digital IT strategy. In this paper, we propose that various energy management systems and related digital platforms are designed and implemented in an alignment to digital IT strategy for sharing economy toward Society 5.0, with the AIDAF framework for Design Thinking Approach with Risk Management. The vision of AIDAF applications to enable sharing economy and digital platforms is explained and extended in the context of Society 5.0. In addition, challenges and future activities for this area are discussed that cover the directions of smart energy for Society 5.0.
In order to evaluate the performance of different stapes prosthesis types, a coupled finite element (FE) model of human ear was developed. First, the middle-ear FE model was developed and validated using the middle-ear transfer function measurements available in literature including pathological cases. Then, the inner-ear FE model was developed and validated using tonotopy, impedance, and level of cochlea amplification curves from literature. Both models are based on pre-existing research with some improvements and were combined into one coupled FE model. The stapes in the coupled FE ear model was replaced with a model of a stapes prosthesis to create a reconstructed ear model that can be used to estimate how different types of protheses perform relative to each other as well as to the natural ear. This will help in designing of new innovative types of stapes prostheses or any other type of middle-ear prostheses as well as to improve the ones that are already available on the market.
The Virtual Power Plant Neckar-Alb is a demonstration platform for operation, optimization and control of distributed energy resources, which are able to produce, store or consume electric energy. A heterogeneous set of distributed energy devices has been installed at the Campus of Reutlingen University by the Reutlingen Energy Centre (REZ) of the School of Engineering. The distributed energy devices have been combined to local microgrids and connected to an operative central power plant with additional participants. The demonstration platform serves students, researchers and industry experts for education and investigation of new technologies, devices and software.
The purpose of this article is to provide insight of a new simple forecasting method based on a state-estimation algorithm known as the Kalman filter. While the accuracy of such algorithm is not comparable to state-of-the-art forecasting algorithms for PV-power production it does not require any internet connection, eyefish cameras or time intensive training. The algorithm was tested with several months of real high-resolution data with adequate results for the intended applications. The minimization of the necessary spinning reserve on a PV-diesel hybrid system to increase the solar fraction and reduce diesel consumption.