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Defining the antecedents of experience co-creation as applied to alternative consumption models
(2019)
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework of experience co-creation that captures the multi-dimensionality of this construct, as well as a research process for defining of the antecedents of experience co-creation.
Design/methodology/approach – The framework of experience co-creation was conceptualized by means of a literature review. Subsequently, this framework was used as the conceptual basis for a qualitative content analysis of 66 empirical papers investigating alternative consumption models (ACMs), such as renting, remanufacturing, and second-hand models.
Findings – The qualitative content analysis resulted in 12 categories related to the consumer and 9 related to the ACM offerings that represent the antecedents of experience co-creation. These categories provide evidence that, to a large extent, the developed conceptual framework allows one to capture the multi-dimensionality of the experience co-creation construct.
Research limitations/implications – This study underscores the understanding of experience co-creation as a function of the characteristics of the offering – which are, in turn, a function of the consumers’ motives as determined by their lifeworlds – as well as to service design as an iterative approach to finding, creating and refining service offerings.
Practical implications – The investigation of the antecedents of experience co-creation can enable service providers to determine significant consumer market conditions for forecasting the suitability and viability of their offerings and to adjust their service designs accordingly.
Originality/value – This paper provides a step toward the operationalization of the dimension-related experience co creation construct and presents an approach to defining the antecedents of experience co-creation by considering different research perspectives that can enhance service design research.
Hauptziel des Projektes war zum einen die Entwicklung einer validen Testmethode auf Grundlage vorliegender Normen, welche die in der betrieblichen Praxis auftretende Degradation abreinigbarer Filtermedien (hohe Temperaturen, aggressive chemische Atmosphären) praxisnah abbilden kann. Die Methode sollte auch die mechanische Alterung der Medien durch Staubbeaufschlagung sowie Abreinigungs Druckstöße berücksichtigen (DIN ISO 11057). Innerhalb des Projektes konnten umfangreiche Praxiserfahrungen mit der Inbetriebnahme und dem Betrieb einer schadgasbeaufschlagten, temperierbaren Testkammer zur chemischen Alterung von Filtermedien auf Grundlage der Vorgaben der DIN EN ISO 16891 gewonnen werden. Sollen vergleichbare Prüfdaten für mehrere Proben verlässlich ermittelt werden, sind bei den Untersuchungen demnach umfangreiche Randbedingungen zu beachten. Insbesondere zeigten die Untersuchungen den hohen technischen Aufwand zur Durchführung der Filtertests auf, welche nicht zuletzt auch aufgrund der erforderlichen Sicherheitstechnik und langen Untersuchungsdauer eine Umsetzung insbesondere bei KMU aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen erschwert ist. Es konnte weiter dargestellt werden, dass die Kombination von chemisch-thermischer und mechanisch(-thermischer) Alterung durch den Einsatz verschiedener Prüfeinrichtungen grundsätzlich umsetzbar ist. Die im Rahmen des Vorhabens entwickelte Testmethode einer chemischen Alterung der Filtermatrices durch Gasphasenexposition in einer Druckkammer ermöglicht kürzere Beanspruchungszeiträume bei reduziertem zu behandelnden Schadgasanfall und kann damit den wirtschaftlichen Betrieb eines entsprechenden Prüfstandes ermöglichen. Kombiniert mit der externen mechanischen Alterung durch Staubbeaufschlagung und Möglichkeit der parallelen Temperaturaufprägung gem. EN ISO 16891 auf mehrere Filtermedien-Proben lässt sich das thermisch, chemisch und mechanisch induzierte Degradationsverhalten von Filtermedien ggf. realitätsnah und mit wirtschaftlich vertretbarem Aufwand in eine Prüfvorschrift überführen. Entsprechende Validierungsarbeiten sind Bestandteil eines aktuell gestarteten Folgeprojektes. Das zweite Hauptziel des Projektes war es Ausrüstungen zu entwickeln, die zu einer verbesserten Beständigkeit gegenüber aggressiven Komponenten führen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass mit dem Sol-Gelverfahren mechanisch stabile Beschichtungen auf Faservlies dauerhaft aufgetragen werden konnten, welche insbesondere die chemisch induzierte Degradation von Aramiden reduzieren können. Bei Aramiden handelt es sich um relativ teure Hochleistungsmaterialien, von welchen bekannt ist, dass ihre Beständigkeit sowohl gegen über UV-Strahlung als auch unterschiedlichen Schadgasen gering ist. Daher stellen die Beständigkeit der Materialien verbessernde Ausrüstungen eine wichtige Entwicklung für Unternehmen dar, um auf diese Weise beständigere Aramid-basierte Produkte zu erhalten. Als besonders geeignet stellten sich dabei Fluorcarbonausrüstungen, organisch-anorganische Hybride auf Basis von GPTMS und Zirkonium-haltige Ausrüstungen heraus.
Woven piezoelectric sensors as part of the textile reinforcement of fiber reinforced plastics
(2019)
Sensor integration in fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) structures enables online process and structural health monitoring (SHM). This paper describes the development and application of woven fabric-based piezoelectric impact and bending sensors for integration into FRP. The work focuses on design and characterization of woven piezoelectric sensors, especially as a part of the reinforcement structure. The reinforcement of the component acts as a sensor in itself and therefore no additional external objects in the form of sensor components or sensor fibers, which could create unwanted weak points within the FRP, are added. The bending test results reveal a direct relationship between the applied load and the sensor signal. Furthermore, the appropriate sensor position in the component cross section was determined and the influence of thermal polarization on the sensor properties was investigated.
In addition to increased safety by detecting possible overload, continuous component monitoring by sensor integration makes the use of fiber reinforced plastics more cost-effective. Since the components are continuously monitored, one can switch from time-based to condition-based maintenance. However, the integration of conventional sensor components causes weak points, as foreign objects are inserted into the reinforcing structure. In this paper, we examine the use of the textile reinforcement as a sensor in itself. We describe how bending sensors can be formed by slightly modifying in the composite’s reinforcement structure. We investigated two different sensor principles. (1) The integration of textile plate capacitors into the structure; (2) The construction of textile piezo elements as part of the reinforcing structure. The bending test results reveal that textile plate capacitors show a load-dependent signal output. The samples with textile piezo elements show a significant increase in signal strength.
Three established test methods employed for evaluating the abrasion or wear resistance of textile materials were compared to gain deeper insight into the specific damaging mechanisms to better understand a possible comparability of the results of the different tests. The knowledge of these mechanisms is necessary for a systematic development of finishing agents improving the wear resistance of textiles. Martindale, Schopper, and Einlehner tests were used to analyze two different fabrics made of natural (cotton) or synthetic (polyethylene terephthalate) fibers, respectively. Samples were investigated by digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to visualize the damage. Damage symptoms are compared and discussed with respect to differences in the damaging mechanisms.
Purpose of the research paper is to illuminate the subject of assortment policy in the German fashion e‐commerce market. A short literature review is conducted in order to set up a system of characteristics to contemplate assortments on a strategic level. In a second step, structured observations are conducted to quantitatively analyze and compare the assortments of the leading online fashion retailers within Germany. Based on literature, the following characteristics for a classification of assortments can be identified: assortment structure, assortment size, assortment width, assortment depth, assortment consistency and rotation, price level, quality mix, fashion degree as well as the mix of private labels and manufacturer brands. Furthermore, the results of the empirical analysis show that there are currently five leaders within the nalyzed market: Amazon, Otto, Zalando, Baur and About You. Among these five market leaders, Amazon positions itself as a retailer that not only offers an enormous assortment size, but also the lowest entry prices as well as the broadest price dispersion. Through the development of the system of characteristics for assortment analysis and the examination of the current market environment, the findings of this paper contribute to the current state of the art in both theoretical and practical aspects.
The development and preservation of children’s innate creativity as they enter their professional career has grown in importance due to fundamental changes in today’s economy and society. It is therefore key to understand how teaching strategies can contribute to educational change in the early stages of schooling. Design teaching encompasses a variety of skills that can help schools shift their focus to foster children’s natural ability to “ask why” in their search for learning how to think and create. This article presents the results of an interdisciplinary workshop involving university students aiming to develop new educational approaches to foster children’s creativity through design to be implemented in the elementary school curriculum of the German federal state Baden-Württemberg. To support the workshop participants in providing a holistic concept within a compressed time period, a sustainability framework was included to further articulate their brief. The teams who were composed of chemists, computer scientists, designers, and engineers, followed the Design Thinking process to develop their proposals. A kick-off meeting presenting results of an international qualitative survey with elementary school teachers, as well as expert input during the workshop addressing the relevant topics, provided teams with key information to define their design directions. Concepts designed by each team exhibited a comprehensive solution resulting in both the abstract “education idea” and physical embodiments of the tools. Their outputs included products, interior concepts to be implemented in classrooms, exercises as well as games to support the newly developed educational models. The benefits and limitations of these concepts along with key observations of participants’ interdisciplinary collaboration are presented and discussed herein. Future work will investigate the Design knowledge of German elementary school teachers more in depth and will involve testing the new concepts in German elementary school environments.
For the widespread establishment of a circular economy, the acceptance of used products among consumers is a prerequisite. This paper investigates the customer experience of product service systems related to used products (PSSuP), such as renting, remanufacturing, and second-hand models, and aims to point out the offering characteristics that effect customer response and customer engagement. This study was conducted by means of a content analysis-based literature review of 69 empirical PSSuP studies. A frequency analysis of the categories that determine customer experience creation was conducted, as well as a contingency analysis to reveal the interrelationship between these categories. On this basis, the different PSSuP types were compared, and four strategic orientations of customer experience creation in PSSuP are pointed out: price, confidence, convenience, and delight orientation. For each of these strategic orientations, supportive PSSuP offering characteristics are specified. Building on the findings of this study, theoretical and managerial implications for product–service systems marketing are pointed out, and the need for research on the role of information and communication technology as an enabler of customer experience creation in PSSuP is highlighted.
After definition and the history of podcasts, in this book the role of podcasts in the communication strategy is mapped out. Podcast production, podcast types, podcast structures, and podcast advertising are explained. Podcast audiences and podcast in the fashion industry are introduced.
In a thorough explorative analysis, a general exploration of the podcast offering of the fashion sector was conducted. Then a selected podcast analysis with evaluation and conclusion, including a discussion of the future use of podcasts closes this book.
Cleanable bag filter : comparisons of different testing methods of ageing of filter materials
(2019)
Cleanable bag filters are used to separate dust and other airborne particulate systems. Due to typical process conditions, they are subject to thermal, chemical and mechanical stress during use. The main objective of the IGF project no. 18307 "Investigation of the chemical and thermal degradation of cleanable filter media and improvement of their resistance by surface modification", was the development of a valid test method which can reproduce degradation caused by high temperatures and aggressive chemical atmospheres in a practice-oriented but time-saving manner. Within the IGF project, 2 accelerated ageing methods were applied, both of which have the decisive advantage of investigating damage in the gas phase. Many resistances of filter materials are otherwise carried out by immersing the materials in a mostly liquid damage medium at a defined temperature. These resistances are difficult to transfer ageing in the gas phase.
Today many vertical retailers are operating different sales channels at the same time and are respon-sible for the range of products in all sales channels. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether for vertical fashion retailers a format-specific assortment policy can be observed on the German mar-ket. To investigate this topic in addition to secondary data of a literature research, quantitative prima-ry data was collected through a structured observation by conducting store checks. The combination provides insights into the research topic, allows to build hypotheses and to get a current and specific answer on the research topic. The study revealed all vertical retailers exploit the advantage of unlim-ited capacity of the online shop by offering in this channel mainly the broadest and deepest assort-ment. Within the retail store the vertical retailers focus on offering full-price goods for the current season in full size sets. Compared to the online shop here are less styles sophisticated presented and adjusted on the sales floor. For the outlet channel all brands showed a higher density of products and at least a price reduction of 30 per cent. The present paper is limited by time, depth and language of secondary data collection. As the study only conducted quantitative data within limited observations additional visual data over a longer period is necessary.
Collaborative apparel consumption is proposed as more sustainable alternative to conventional consumption. The purpose of this study is the exploration of consumers’ motives to participate in collaborative apparel consumption. Findings suggest that consumers’ intention to participate in collaborative apparel consumption is mainly influenced by financial benefits, convenience and sustainability awareness.
Jeder weiß, dass die Textil- und Bekleidungsindustrie ein Nachhaltigkeitsproblem hat und es neuer Lösungsansätze bedarf. Auch Konsumenten und deren Verhalten haben einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Erfolgsaussichten einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung. Welche Rolle und Bedeutung obliegt jedoch dem einzelnen Mitarbeiter in diesem Prozess? Und welche Handlungsmaßnahmen können daraus abgeleitet werden? Eine empirische Analyse von über 100 internationalen Bekleidungsunternehmen gibt Aufschluss.
Creativity, problem-solving skills and the ability for collaborative work are considered key competences for facing the challenges of the 21st century. Children are born with an inherent creativity that decreases throughout their school careers. A research team of designers and educators investigates whether the implementation of Design Thinking (DT) in textile education in German elementary schools is a suitable method to preserve children’s creativity. Initial surveys with teachers and pilot studies in elementary schools showed high motivation and openmindedness towards DT in classroom. The challenge will be to develop suitable teaching modules for elementary schools of the federal state Baden Württemberg.
The desire to combine advanced user friendly interfaces with a product personality communicating environmental friendliness to customers poses new challenges for car interior designers, as little research has been carried out in this field to date. In this paper, the creation of three personas aimed at defining key German car users with pro environmental behaviour is presented. After collecting ethnographic data of potential drivers through literature review, information about generation and Euro car segment led to the definition of three key user groups. The resulting personas were applied to determine the most important interaction points in car interior. Finally, present design cues of eco-friendly product personality developed in the field of automotive design were explored. Our work presents three strategic directions for the design development of future in-car user interfaces named as a) foster multimodal mobility; b) emphasize the interlinkage economy - sustainable driving; and c) highlight new technological developments. The presented results are meant as an impulse for developers to fit the needs of green customers and drivers when designing user-friendly HMI components.
Kreativität, Problemlösekompetenz und kollaboratives Arbeiten werden in zahlreichen internationalen Studien sowie von der OECD (2017) als Schlüsselkompetenzen des 21. Jahrhunderts definiert. Ungeachtet dessen orientieren sich viele Lehr-Lern Methoden noch immer an der Vermittlung vordefinierter Lösungswege. Studien im Sekundarbereich in den USA, Deutschland und Asien zeigen, dass Design Thinking durch seine kreativen und kollaborativen Elemente zu einem nachhaltigeren Lernerfolg bei Lernenden und seitens der Lehrenden zu höherer Zufriedenheit bei der Vermittlung der Inhalte führen kann.
Kernelemente des Design Thinking sind: der iterative Prozess mit seinen Phasen Verstehen, Beobachten, Sichtweisen definieren, Ideen finden, Prototypen bauen, Testen; die Arbeit in multidisziplinären Teams sowie die Nutzerorientierung bei der Definition der Aufgabe (Brown, 2009). Die Phasen des iterativen Prozesses weisen eine hohe Kongruenz mit den prozessorientierten Kompetenzen des Faches Kunst/Werken und des Sachunterrichts gemäß dem Bildungsplan für Grundschulen (Ministerium für Kultus, Jugend und Sport Baden Württemberg, 2016) auf. Im Rahmen eines interdisziplinären Promotionsvorhabens an der PH Freiburg soll, basierend auf einem qualitativen Forschungsdesign, untersucht werden, inwieweit sich Design Thinking eignet, Kreativität, Problemlösekompetenz und kollaboratives Arbeiten von Grundschulkindern in Kunst/Werken und im Sachunterricht aus Sicht von Lehrpersonen zu fördern. Vorstudien mit Lehrpersonen und Ausbildungslehrkräften, bei welchen Erhebungen per Fragebogen nach Teilnahme an einem Design Thinking Workshop eingesetzt wurden, sowie zwei Pilotunterrichtseinheiten an Grundschulen mit Teilnehmender Beobachtung, Experteninterviews und Kinderinterviews in Kleingruppen, zeigen erste Ergebnisse.
A distinctive highlight of the dissertation at hand is the investigation of multiple apparel supply chain actors incorporating the views of a global apparel retailer in Europe and multiple suppliers in Vietnam and Indonesia.
More specifically, the dissertation presents a coherent investigation starting with the depiction of a conceptual framework for social management strategies as a means for social risk management (SRM), exclusively aiming at the apparel industry. In accordance to the identified research gaps and suggested research directions from the conceptual framework, the role of the apparel sourcing agent for social management strategies was analysed by conducting a multiple case study approach with evidence from Vietnam and Europe, ultimately suggesting ten propositions. Whereas a further multiple case study data collection in Vietnam, Indonesia and Europe allowed for the investigation of buyer-supplier relationships with regards to social compliance strategies by using core tenets of agency theory to interpret the findings and outline ten propositions. Based on the development of a conceptual framework on social SSCM in the apparel industry, the formulation of related 20 propositions with evidence from crucial developing (apparel sourcing) countries, and the application of agency theory which has been declared as a shortfall in this context, this thesis contributes with further grounding to SSCM theory and substantially contributes to the debate by addressing numerous research gaps.
Abreinigbare Schlauchfilter kommen zur Abscheidung von Stäuben sowie staubförmigen Substanzen zum Einsatz. Aufgrund typischer Prozessbedingungen unterliegen sie während ihres Einsatzes thermischer, chemischer und mechanischer Beanspruchung. Das IGF-Projekt Nr. 18307 "Untersuchung der chemischen und thermischen Degradation von abreinigbaren Filtermedien und Verbesserung deren Beständigkeit durch Oberflächenmodifikation" hat mehrere Prüfmethoden verglichen.