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§ 303 Schuldenkonsolidierung
(2018)
Ein zukunfts- und innovationsfähiges Personalmanagement stellt sicher, dass der Organisation in qualitativer und quantitativer Hinsicht das erforderliche Personal zur Verfügung steht, um die organisationalen Ziele zu erreichen. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmend dynamischer Umfelder gelingt dies mit den bislang etablierten Arbeitsweisen, Praktken und Instrumenten des Personalmanagements künftig nicht mehr. Daher muss das Personalmanagement permanent neue Arbeitsweisen, innovative Praktiken und neue Instrumente entwickeln (Exploration). Gleichzeitig hat es jedoch auch die bisherigen "Routineaufgaben" zunehmend effizienter zu erledigen (Exploitation). Diese Herausforderung des beidhändigen Agierens zwischen Exploration und Exploitation verlangt nach dezidierten Innovationsstrukturen, Praktiken und Fähigkeiten im Personalmanagement. Der vorliegende Beitrag plädiert daher für eine organisatorisch aufgehängte "Forschung und Entwicklung" im Personalbereich, die neue Themen innerhalb und außerhalb der Organisation aufgreift, um daraus innovative Personalpraktiken zu generieren.
Es gibt viele und teilweise sehr unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen für die Planung von Materialflusssysstemen in der Produktionslogisitk. Ein spezifisches Vorgehensmodell für die Planung der Produktionsversorgung in der Montage im engeren Sinne existiert nicht. Im Folgenden wird ein solches Vorgehensmodell dargestellt, das sich auf die Planung der Produktionsversorgung fokussiert.
Produktionsversorgungssysteme für die variantenreiche Fließfertigung. - (Berichte aus der Logistik)
(2017)
Angestoßen durch das Lean Management wurden Produktionsabläufe in den letzten Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich optimiert und weiterentwickelt. Der Fokus lag dabei auf der Reduzierung von Prozesszeiten und der Eliminierung nicht wertschöpfender Tätigkeiten im Produktionsprozess. Diese Tätigkeiten, häufig aus dem Bereich der Materialbereitstellung, wurden aus dem Produktionsprozess in die Logistik verlagert. Die Weiterentwicklung und Optimierung der Logistik fand aber nicht in gleichem Maße statt, sodass heute viele Unternehmen in den Bereichen der Produktionslogistik und insbesondere bei der Materialversorgung erhebliche Effektivitäts- und Effizienzdefizite haben. Das Buch stellt mit einzelnen Artikeln zu Themenschwerpunkten der Materialversorgung und Materialbereitstellung auf Basis eines in der Fahrzeugbauindustrie realisierten Projektes Möglichkeiten für die Produktionslogistikoptimierung und -weiterentwicklung vor.
Management virtueller, internationaler Engineering-Prozesse. - (Berichte aus dem Maschinenbau)
(2017)
Die Internationalisierung von Geschäftsprozessen hat dazu geführt, dass in den Engineering-Prozessen, z.B. Produktentwicklung, Produktionsplanung etc., zunehmend in virtuellen, internationalen Teams gearbeitet wird. Die Prozesse und Methoden wurden aber oft nicht entsprechend weiterentwickelt, dass die virtuellen, internationalen Engineering-Prozesse effektiv und effizient ausgeführt werden. In Rahmen einer fragebogenbasierten Unternehmensbefragung in Deutschland wird untersucht, wie Unternehmen mit Kernfragen der Gestaltung virtueller, internationaler Engineering-Prozesse umgehen und welche Vorgehensweisen, Methoden und Werkzeuge, insbesondere Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien, sie einsetzen. Dabei werden neben dem Nutzen auch die Risiken thematisiert, die nach der neuen DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 stärker in den unternehmerischen Fokus rücken müssen.
Layout generators, commonly denoted as PCells (parameterized cells), play an important role in the layout design of analog ICs (integrated circuits). PCells can automatically create parts of a layout, whose properties are controlled by the PCell parameters. Any layout, whether hand-crafted or automatically generated, has to be verified against design rules using a DRC (design rule check) in order to assure proper functionality and producibility. Due to the growing complexity of today’s PCells it would be beneficial if a PCell itself could be ensured to produce DRC clean layouts for any allowed parameter values, i.e. a formal verification of the PCell’s code rather than checking all possible instances of the PCell. In this paper we demonstrate the feasibility of such a formal PCell verification for a simple NMOS transistor PCell. The set from which the parameter values can be chosen was found during the verification process.
We present a new methodology for automatic selection and sizing of analog circuits demonstrated on the OTA circuit class. The methodology consists of two steps: a generic topology selection method supported by a “part-sizing” process and subsequent final sizing. The circuit topologies provided by a reuse library are classified in a topology tree. The appropriate topology is selected by traversing the topology tree starting at the root node. The decision at each node is gained from the result of the part-sizing, which is in fact a node-specific set of simulations. The final sizing is a simulation-based optimization. We significantly reduce the overall simulation effort compared to a classical simulation-based optimization by combining the topology selection with the part-sizing process in the selection loop. The result is an interactive user friendly system, which eases the analog designer’s work significantly when compared to typical industrial practice in analog circuit design. The topology selection method and sizing process are implemented as a tool into a typical analog design environment. The design productivity improvement achievable by our method is shown by a comparison to other design automation approaches.
A new method for the analysis of movement dependent parasitics in full custom designed MEMS sensors
(2017)
Due to the lack of sophisticated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) component libraries, highly optimized MEMS sensors are currently designed using a polygon driven design flow. The strength of this design flow is the accurate mechanical simulation of the polygons by finite element (FE) modal analysis. The result of the FE-modal analysis is included in the system model together with the data of the (mechanical) static electrostatic analysis. However, the system model lacks the dynamic parasitic electrostatic effects, arising from the electric coupling between the wiring and the moving structures. In order to include these effects in the system model, we present a method which enables the quasi dynamic parasitic extraction with respect to in-plane movements of the sensor structures. The method is embedded in the polygon driven MEMS design flow using standard EDA tools. In order to take the influences of the fabrication process into account, such as etching process variations, the method combines the FE-modal analysis and the fabrication process simulation data. This enables the analysis of dynamic changing electrostatic parasitic effects with respect to movements of the mechanical structures. Additionally, the result can be included into the system model allowing the simulation of positive feedback of the electrostatic parasitic effects to the mechanical structures.
This paper introduces a novel placement methodology for a common-centroid (CC) pattern generator. It can be applied to various integrated circuit (IC) elements, such as transistors, capacitors, diodes, and resistors. The proposed method consists of a constructive algorithm which generates an initial, close to the optimum, solution, and an iterative algorithm which is used subsequently, if the output of constructive algorithm does not satisfy the desired criteria. The outcome of this work is an automatic CC placement algorithm for IC element arrays. Additionally, the paper presents a method for the CC arrangement evaluation. It allows for evaluating the quality of an array, and a comparison of different placement methods.
The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of sustainability communication in the fashion industry on the customers’ behavior with a focus on consumers’ perception regarding websites with sustainability-specific content. Based on a profound literature review, a projective method in form of two dummy websites is developed. Both websites illustrate sustainability communication with comprehensive and transparent information demonstrating a credible, trustful and serious commitment. Additionally, both sites have the same structure and an appealing, visualized website design as well as a customer oriented communication. While each website consists of almost the same aspects such as Vision & Mission, Value chain, Corporate Commitment, Working Conditions, Environment, Social Commitment and documents such as a Sustainability Report and Code of Conduct, they differ enormously in the sustainability-specific content. For instance, website 1 represents a sustainable and responsible company communicating sustainable issues about eco-friendly materials, fair working conditions, ecological production and their social commitment. It further includes eco-friendly wash and care advices as seen by reformation to remember consumers to take care of the environment, e.g. to wash cold or by using ecological detergents. In contrast, website 2 does not represent a sustainable and responsible fashion brand. It also does not communicate sustainable efforts or a sustainable engagement. Rather it is about offering trendy, low-priced fast- fashion products, produced under unfair working conditions with wages and working hours as usual terms in production countries with a focus on style and design. Regarding website 2, all raw materials have been produced conventionally in developing countries and are therefore not eco-friendly, resulting in a pollution of the environment due to long transport routes. Additionally, the website voices the wish to improve the chances for developing animal protection only minimally, showing that the company is not socially committed. Although website 2 focuses on transparency and a customer-oriented communication, it is not sustainable. Both websites are tested via an online survey. A total of 90 fashion students participated in the sample.
Knowledge is an important resource, whose transfer is still not completely understood. The underlying belief of this thesis is that knowledge cannot be transferred directly from one person to another but must be converted for the transfer and therefore is subject to loss of knowledge and misunderstanding. This thesis proposes a new model for knowledge transfer and empirically evaluates this model. The model is based on the belief that knowledge must be encoded by the sender to transfer it to the receiver, who has to decode the message to obtain knowledge.
To prepare for the model this thesis provides an overview about models for knowledge transfer and factors that influence knowledge transfer. The proposed theoretical model for knowledge transfer is implemented in a prototype to demonstrate its applicability. The model describes the influence of the four layers, namely code, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic layers, on the encoding and decoding of the message. The precise description of the influencing factors and the overlapping knowledge from sender and receiver facilitate its implementation.
The application area of the layered model for knowledge transfer was chosen to be business process modelling. Business processes incorporate an important knowledge resource of an organisation as they describe the procedures for the production of products and services. The implementation in a software prototype allows a precise description of the process by adding semantic to the simple business process modelling language used.
This thesis contributes to the body of knowledge by providing a new model for knowledge transfer, which shows the process of knowledge transfer in greater detail and highlights influencing factors. The implementation in the area of business process modelling reveals the support provided by the model. An expert evaluation indicates that the implementation of the proposed model supports knowledge transfer in business process modelling. The results of the qualitative evaluation are supported by the findings of a qualitative evaluation, performed as a quasi-experiment with a pre-test/post-test design and two experimental groups and one control group. Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that the group that used the tool that implemented the layered model performed significantly better in terms of completeness (the degree of completeness achieved in the transfer) in comparison with the group that used a standard BPM tool (Z = 3.057, p = 0.002, r = 0.59) and the control group that used pen and paper (Z = 3.859, p < 0.001, r = 0.72). The experiment indicates that the implementation of the layered model supports the creation of a business process and facilitates a more precise representation.
Scheduled flexibility and individualization of knowledge transfer in foundations of computer science
(2017)
The opening of the German higher education system for new target groups involves a heterogeneous composition of students as never before and face up the universities to new challenges. Due to different educational biographies, the students don't show a homogeneous level of knowledge. Furthermore, their access to course content and their individual learning methods are very diverse. The existing lack of knowledge and the very unequal study speed have a significant influence on the learning behavior and learning motivation. During the first semesters, the dropout rate is appreciably higher. The reform project gives an overview of a didactic restructuring from a formerly conventional teaching and learning concept to a stronger combination of digital offers, combined with classical lectures in the basic modules of computer science. The teaching content is adjusted to the individual requirements and knowledge. Students with different previous knowledge get the possibility to increase their knowledge in different levels of abstraction. The aim of the reform project has to point out the possibilities, also the challenges of the digital process in higher education. At the same time the question has to be explored, how far does an accompanied and self-directed learning in own speed and in own individual depth of knowledge have a positive impact on the motivation and on the study success of a learner.
Obwohl Vorteile wertorientierter Preissetzung seit Jahren bekannt sind, gewinnt sie nur langsam an Boden. Die erste Studie des Preisverhaltens nach Geschäftstypen zeigt: 35 Jahre Preisforschung und -beratung konnten die Dominanz der Kostenorientierung erstmals schwächen. Der Autor wagt einen Erklärungsversuch und ermutigt zu mehr Marktorientierung.
The demonstration project Virtual Power Plant Neckar-Alb is constructing a Virtual Power Plant (VPP) demonstration site at the Reutlingen University campus. The VPP demonstrator integrates a heterogeneous set of distributed energy resources (DERs) which are connected to control the infrastructure and an energy management system. This paper describes the components and the architecture of the demonstrator and presents strategies for demonstration of multiple optimization and control systems with different control paradigms.
The purpose of this article is to provide insight of a new simple forecasting method based on a state-estimation algorithm known as the Kalman filter. While the accuracy of such algorithm is not comparable to state-of-the-art forecasting algorithms for PV-power production it does not require any internet connection, eyefish cameras or time intensive training. The algorithm was tested with several months of real high-resolution data with adequate results for the intended applications. The minimization of the necessary spinning reserve on a PV-diesel hybrid system to increase the solar fraction and reduce diesel consumption.
The diversity of energy prosumer types makes it difficult to create appropriate incentive mechanisms that satisfy both prosumers and energy system operators alike. Meanwhile, European energy suppliers buy guarantees of origin (GoO) which allow them to sell green energy at premium prices while in reality delivering grey energy to their customers. Blockchain technology has proven itself to be a robust paying system in which users transact money without the involvement of a third party. Blockchain tokens can be used to represent a unit of energy and, just as GoOs, be submitted to the market. This paper focuses on simulating marketplace using the ethereum blockchain and smart contracts, where prosumers can sell tokenized GoOs to consumers willing to subsidize renewable energy producers. Such markets bypass energy providers by allowing consumers to obtain tokenized GoOs directly from the producers, which in turn benefit directly from the earnings. Two market strategies where tokens are sold as GoOs have been simulated. In the Fix Price Strategy prosumers sell their tokens to the average GoO price of 2014. The Variable Price Strategy focuses on selling tokens at a price range defined by the difference between grey and green energy. The study finds that the ethereum blockchain is robust enough to functions as a platform for tokenized GoO trading. Simulation results have been compared and the results indicate that prosumers earn significantly more money by following the Variable Price
Strategy.
The success of an autonomous robotic system is influenced by several interdependent factors not easily identifiable. This paper is set to lay the foundation of a new integrated approach in order to deeply examine all the parameters and understand their contribution to success. After introducing the problem, two cutting edge autonomous systems for the process of unloading of containers will be presented. Then the STIC analysis, a recently developed method for modelling and interpreting all the parameters, will be introduced. The preliminary results of applying such a methodology to a first study case, based on one of the two systems available to the authors, will be shortly presented. Future research is in the end recommended in order to prove that this methodology is the only way to efficiently and effectively mitigate the risk that stops potential users from investing in autonomous systems in the logistics sector.