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The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the consumers’ perception of sustainability and the application of a QR-code in stores with the focus on the information searching behavior regarding sustainable aspects. An online questionnaire was conducted with fashion students at Reutlingen University: in total, 65 students participated in the survey. Paired samples t-test and other statistical analyses were applied to test research questions. Apart from this, the research paper is based on a literature review. Furthermore, the decision was taken to use a projective method in the form of a dummy fashion fTRACE website. Key findings of the survey are that participants give sustainable aspects a higher importance with a QR-code than without one. Participants who prefer a product with detailed information experience a “positive shopping feeling” when provided with transparency via a QR-code. “Origin”, “production” and “quality” were rated of higher importance by those participants. These findings suggest that, transparency provided through the application of a QR-Code in stores influences the consumers’ perception of sustainability. Due to the small sample size of participants (65) in the study, findings of this research not generalizable to a larger population. This paper focused on the consumers’ information searching behavior regarding sustainable aspects, limiting its findings to impacts on perception of sustainability. Further research is therefore recommended.
It is known that the costs related with drug research and development (R&D) and the timelines to develop a new drug increased over the past years. In parallel, the success rates of drug projects along the pharmaceutical R&D phases are still very low, and the outcome of all R&D efforts is stagnating. In consequence, the R&D efficiency defined as the financial investment per drug has been steadily decreasing. As innovation is the major growth driver of the pharmaceutical industry, reliable data on R&D efficiency and new concepts to overcome these challenges are of great interest for R&D managers and the sustainability of the pharmaceutical industry as a whole. This book chapter reviews publications on R&D performance indicators of the past years, such as the success rates and timelines per phase. Additionally, it illustrates the factors influencing the success rates, timelines, and costs of pharmaceutical R&D most and, thus, the denominators of the R&D efficiency.
Clinical development is historically the phase in which a potential new medicine is being tested in phase 2 and phase 3 patient trials to demonstrate the new molecules' efficacy and safety to support the regulatory approval of drugs by health authorities. This relatively focused approach has been considerably expanded by a number of forces from within the pharmaceutical industry and equally important by changes in the healthcare systems. The need to identify the optimal patient population, showstoppers leading to discontinuation of clinical programs, the silent but constant removal of surrogate endpoints for registration, and the increased demand for real-life data which are used to demonstrate the patients' benefit and which have an ever-increasing role for pricing and reimbursement negotiations are today an integral part of this phase.
This chapter will review both the nuts and bolts of clinical development but also recent developments in this area which shape the environment and how the different players have reacted and what options might need to be explored in the future.
The reduced research and development (R&D) efficiency, strong competition from generics, increased cost pressure from payers, and an increased biological complexity of new target indications have resulted in a rethinking and a change from a traditional and more closed R&D model in the pharmaceutical industry toward the new paradigm of open innovation. In the past years, pharmaceutical companies have broadened their external networks toward research collaborations with academic institutes, technology providers, or codevelopment partners. To fulfill the demand to reduce timelines and costs, research-based pharmaceutical companies started to outsource R&D activities. In addition, internal R&D processes were adjusted to the more open R&D model and new processes such as alliance management were established. The corporate frontier of pharmaceutical companies became permeable and more open. As a result, the focus of pharmaceutical R&D expanded from a purely internal toward a mixed internal and external model. Today, the U.S. pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly may have established the most open model toward external innovation, as it has integrated its innovation processes with its business model. Other companies are following this more open R&D model with newer concepts such as new frontier sciences, drug discovery alliances, private public partnerships, innovation incubators, virtual R&D, crowdsourcing, open source innovation, and innovation camps.
The efficiency of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) reflected by increasing costs of R&D, long timelines, and low probabilities of technical and regulatory success decreased continuously in the past years. Today, the costs for discovering and developing a new drug are enormously high with more than USD 2 billion per new molecular entity (NME), while the average overall success of a research project to provide an NME is in the single-digit percentage rate, and the total timelines of R&D easily exceeds 10 years questioning the return on investment (ROI) of pharmaceutical R&D. As a consequence and also caused by numerous patent expirations of blockbuster drugs that increased the pressure to return to an acceptable ROI, the pharmaceutical industry addressed this challenge and the related causes and identified several actions that need to be taken to increase the output/input ratio of R&D. This book chapter will review the pipeline sizes and the R&D investments of multinational pharmaceutical companies, will describe new processes that have been implemented to increase the reach and to reduce costs of pharmaceutical R&D, and it will illustrate new innovation models that were developed to increase the R&D efficiency.
"Wer nicht vielfältig denkt, denkt einfältig". Mit diesem Spruch machen Studierende der Hochschule Reutlingen in einem Videoclip auf das Thema Diversity aufmerksam. Doch was verstehen wir eigentlich darunter? Seit September letzten Jahres ist Professorin Dr. Gabriela Tullius Vizepräsidentin der Hochschule Reutlingen und widmet sich unter anderem diesem Bereich. GEA-Campus hat nachgefragt, worum es bei Diversity geht und warum dieser Bereich die Hochschule beschäftigt.
Methacrylated gelatin and mature adipocytes are promising components for adipose tissue engineering
(2016)
In vitro engineering of autologous fatty tissue constructs is still a major challenge for the treatment of congenital deformities, tumor resections or high-graded burns. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of photo-crosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GM) and mature adipocytes as components for the composition of three-dimensional fatty tissue constructs. Cytocompatibility evaluations of the GM and the photoinitiator Lithium phenyl-2,4,6 trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) showed no cytotoxicity in the relevant range of concentrations. Matrix stiffness of cell-laden hydrogels was adjusted to native fatty tissue by tuning the degree of crosslinking and was shown to be comparable to that of native fatty tissue. Mature adipocytes were then cultured for 14 days within the GM resulting in a fatty tissue construct loaded with viable cells expressing cell markers perilipin A and laminin. This work demonstrates that mature adipocytes are a highly valuable cell source for the composition of fatty tissue equivalents in vitro. Photo-crosslinkable methacrylated gelatin is an excellent tissue scaffold and a promising bioink for new printing techniques due to its biocompatibility and tunable properties.
Ereignisse, Aktivitäten und Veränderungen 2005:
- Umstellung auf elektronische Erwerbung
- Umgestaltung des Lesesaals
- Neugestaltung der Homepage
- Erweiterung der Öffnungszeiten um 8 Stunden pro Woche
- Erhöhung der Ausleihzahlen um 7 Prozent
- Einrichtung eines Kopierraums
- Durchführung einer Benutzerumfrage
- Organisation einer Ausstellung anlässlich der 150-Jahr-Feier der Hochschule Reutlingen
Durch die Einnahmen aus Studiengebühren konnten die Erwerbungsausgaben der Bibliothek um 75 Prozent gegenüber dem Vorjahr gesteigert werden. Insgesamt wurden 50 Prozent mehr Bücher gekauft als im Jahr zuvor. Dadurch konnte die Literaturversorgung der Hochschulangehörigen erheblich verbessert werden, was sich an den expandierenden Nutzungszahlen erkennen lässt. Im Jahr 2007 verzeichnete die Bibliotheksstatistik 15 Prozent mehr aktive Nutzer und 15 Prozent mehr Erstausleihen als im Jahr zuvor. Trotz dieser positiven Entwicklungen hat im letzten Jahr die Zahl der Vormerkungen um 20 Prozent zugenommen. Das bedeutet, dass die benötigte Literatur sehr häufig verliehen und bei Bedarf nicht verfügbar ist. Im gleichen Zeitraum stieg die Zahl der Fernleihbestellungen um 26 Prozent. Im Berichtsjahr wurden erstmals 1600 E-Books erworben und im Campusnetz bereit gestellt. In Kooperation mit dem Bibliotheksservicezentrum wurde ein Hochschulschriftenserver eingerichtet, der es den Angehörigen beider Hochschulen ermöglicht, ihre Publikationen elektronisch zu veröffentlichen.
Die Medienausgaben der Hochschule Reutlingen nahmen im Vergleich zum Vorjahr um 18 Prozent zu, wobei sich der Schwerpunkt zunehmend von den Printmedien auf die elektronischen Medien verlagert. Bei der Pädagogischen Hochschule gingen die Ausgaben für Medien um 9 Prozent zurück. Die Nutzungszahlen der Bibliothek stiegen in allen Bereichen: Die Zahl der Erstausleihen nahm um 2 Prozent zu, die Zahl der aktiven Bibliotheksbenutzer stieg um 5 Prozent. Die Nutzung elektronischer Medien legte um 39 Prozent zu. Die Zahl der gebenden Fernleihen stieg um 1 Prozent, die der nehmenden Fernleihen sank um 8 Prozent. Diese Zahlen spiegeln die wachsende Attraktivität des Reutlinger Bibliotheksbestands wider. Im Berichtsjahr wurden zwei Projekte begonnen: Zum einen die Ausstattung des Freihandbestands mit RFID-Etiketten, zum anderen die Installation einer Suchmaschine zur Optimierung der Recherche.