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The strong demand for a transformation of the textile and fashion industry towards sustainability requires a continuous implementation of the guiding principle of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in education and industry [1, 2]. In a first step of the European research project "Sustainable fashion curriculum at textile Universities in Europe - Development, Implementation and Evaluation of a Teaching Module for Educators" (Fashion DIET) a continuing education module shall be created to implement ESD as a guiding principle in university teaching. The research-based teaching and learning materials are delivered through an e-learning portal.
Externe Ladeinfrastruktur kann rechtskonform aus dem Stromnetz einer öffentlichen Liegenschaft versorgt werden. Bisher war die Vorgabe, die Versorgung über einen eigenen (neuen) Netzanschlusspunkt zu realisieren. Die hier vorgestellte Lösung ist ökologisch, wirtschaftlich und technisch deutlich günstiger und dient als Muster für die weitere Erschließung landeseigenen Parkraums in ganz Baden-Württemberg. Ein virtuelles Kraftwerk ermöglicht den gemeinschaftsdienlichen Betrieb.
We address the problem of 3D face recognition based on either 3D sensor data, or on a 3D face reconstructed from a 2D face image. We focus on 3D shape representation in terms of a mesh of surface normal vectors. The first contribution of this work is an evaluation of eight different 3D face representations and their multiple combinations. An important contribution of the study is the proposed implementation, which allows these representations to be computed directly from 3D meshes, instead of point clouds. This enhances their computational efficiency. Motivated by the results of the comparative evaluation, we propose a 3D face shape descriptor, named Evolutional Normal Maps, that assimilates and optimises a subset of six of these approaches. The proposed shape descriptor can be modified and tuned to suit different tasks. It is used as input for a deep convolutional network for 3D face recognition. An extensive experimental evaluation using the Bosphorus 3D Face, CASIA 3D Face and JNU-3D Face datasets shows that, compared to the state of the art methods, the proposed approach is better in terms of both computational cost and recognition accuracy.
The Fourteenth International Conference on Advances in Databases, Knowledge, and Data Applications (DBKDA 2022), held between May 22 – 26, 2022, continued a series of international events covering a large spectrum of topics related to advances in fundamentals on databases, evolution of relation between databases and other domains, data base technologies and content processing, as well as specifics in applications domains databases.
Advances in different technologies and domains related to databases triggered substantial improvements for content processing, information indexing, and data, process and knowledge mining. The push came from Web services, artificial intelligence, and agent technologies, as well as from the generalization of the XML adoption.
High-speed communications and computations, large storage capacities, and load-balancing for distributed databases access allow new approaches for content processing with incomplete patterns, advanced ranking algorithms and advanced indexing methods.
Evolution on e-business, ehealth and telemedicine, bioinformatics, finance and marketing, geographical positioning systems put pressure on database communities to push the ‘de facto’ methods to support new requirements in terms of scalability, privacy, performance, indexing, and heterogeneity of both content and technology.
Die prä-, intra- und postoperative Entitäts- und Dignitätsbestimmung von Speicheldrüsen-tumoren (ST) allein anhand von histomorphologischen Kriterien ist häufig mit großen Unsicherheiten verbunden.
Die Spektren der Raman-Spektroskopie (RS) und der Infrarot-Spektroskopie (IS) enthalten Informationen zu der molekularen Zusammensetzung des untersuchten Gewebes. Ziel der Arbeit war die Etablierung eines Gewebe-Aufarbeitungs-Workflows und die Analyse des Einflusses der Fixierung auf die spektrale Bioinformation. Zudem wird ein Überblick über den Einsatz der RS und IS im Kopf-Hals Bereich gegeben.
Es wurden 10 mm dicke, konsekutive kryo-, formalin- und paraffinfixierte ST-Gewebeschnitte von Zystadenolymphomen (n=5) und pleomorphen Adenomen (n=4) mit der RS und IS untersucht und die Daten multivariat ausgewertet. Die Messungen erfolgten in Korrelation zur Histomorphologie über einen korrespondierenden HE-Schnitt sowohl im Tumorgewebe als auch im gesunden Speicheldrüsengewebe.
In der Mittelwertspektrenanalyse zeigte sich eine deutliche Paraffin-Signatur, Formalin-Fixierung hatte keinen wesentlichen Einfluss. Dies konnte durch die Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) bestätigt werden. Eine Diskriminierung von Tumor- und Nicht-Tumorgewebe durch die PCA und gekoppelte Diskriminanzanalyse war ebenfalls mit beiden spektroskopischen Methoden mit einer hohen Sensitivität möglich.
Für eine Translation von spektralen Verfahren ist das Wissen über Einflussfaktoren auf die spektrale Bioinformation der Gewebeaufarbeitung und -fixierung unabdingbar. Die Integration spektraler Verfahren additiv in bestehende Arbeitsabläufe ist möglich. Der Einfluss der Formalinfixierung auf die spektrale Bioinformation ist gering. Die bioinformatische Analyse der umfangreichen Datensätze ist herausfordernd.
IZKF Würzburg
This paper reviews suggestions for changes to database technology coming from the work of many researchers, particularly those working with evolving big data. We discuss new approaches to remote data access and standards that better provide for durability and auditability in settings including business and scientific computing. We propose ways in which the language standards could evolve, with proof-of-concept implementations on Github.
We study whether compulsory religious education in schools affects students' religiosity as adults. We exploit the staggered termination of compulsory religious education across German states in models with state and cohort fixed effects. Using three different datasets, we find that abolishing compulsory religious education significantly reduced religiosity of affected students in adulthood. It also reduced the religious actions of personal prayer, church-going, and church membership. Beyond religious attitudes, the reform led to more equalized gender roles, fewer marriages and children, and higher labor-market participation and earnings. The reform did not affect ethical and political values or non-religious school outcomes.
We study whether compulsory religious education in schools affects students' religiosity as adults. We exploit the staggered termination of compulsory religious education across German states in models with state and cohort fixed effects. Using three different datasets, we find that abolishing compulsory religious education significantly reduced religiosity of affected students in adulthood. It also reduced the religious actions of personal prayer, church-going, and church membership. Beyond religious attitudes, the reform led to more equalized gender roles, fewer marriages and children, and higher labor-market participation and earnings. The reform did not affect ethical and political values or non-religious school outcomes.
Die Lohnlücke zwischen Frauen und Männern (der sogenannte Gender Pay Gap) wird üblicherweise in Bevölkerungsgruppen untersucht, die ihre Bildungslaufbahn bereits abgeschlossen haben. In diesem Beitrag betrachten wir eine frühere Phase der Berufstätigkeit, indem wir den Gender Pay Gap unter Studierenden, die neben ihrem Studium arbeiten, analysieren. Anhand von Daten aus fünf Kohorten einer Studierendenbefragung in Deutschland beschreiben wir den Gender Pay Gap und diskutieren mögliche Erklärungen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Studentinnen im Durchschnitt etwa 6% weniger verdienen als Studenten. Nach Berücksichtigung verschiedener entlohnungsrelevanter Faktoren verringert sich die Lücke auf 4,1%. Einer der Hauptgründe für die Differenz in der Entlohnung sind die unterschiedlichen Beschäftigungen, die männliche und weibliche Studierende ausüben.
Being exposed to compulsory religious education in school can have long-run consequences for students’ lives. At different points in time since the 1970s, German states terminated compulsory religious education in public schools and replaced it by a choice between ethics classes and religious education. This article shows that the reform not only led to reduced religiosity in students’ later life, but also eroded traditional attitudes towards gender roles and increased labor-market participation and earnings.
Gender pay gaps are commonly studied in populations with already completed educational careers. We focus on an earlier stage by investigating the gender pay gap among university students working alongside their studies. With data from five cohorts of a large-scale student survey from Germany, we use regression and wage decomposition techniques to describe gender pay gaps and potential explanations. We find that female students earn about 6% less on average than male students, which reduces to 4.1% when accounting for a rich set of explanatory variables. The largest explanatory factor is the type of jobs male and female students pursue.
With the digital transformation, companies will experience a change that focuses on shaping the organization into an agile organizational form. In today's competitive and fast-moving business environment, it is necessary to react quickly to changing market conditions. Agility represents a promising option for overcoming these challenges. The path to an agile organization represents a development process that requires consideration of countless levels of the enterprise. This paper examines the impact of digital transformation on agile working practices and the benefits that can be achieved through technology. To enable a solution for today's so-called VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity und Ambiguity) world, agile ways of working can be applied project management requires adaptation. In the qualitative study, expert interviews were conducted and analyzed using the grounded theory method. As a result, a model can be presented that shows the influencing factors and potentials of agile management in the context of the digital transformation of medium-sized companies.
Uncontrolled movement of instruments in laparoscopic surgery can lead to inadvertent tissue damage, particularly when the dissecting or electrosurgical instrument is located outside the field of view of the laparoscopic camera. The incidence and relevance of such events are currently unknown. The present work aims to identify and quantify potentially dangerous situations using the example of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Twenty-four final year medical students were prompted to each perform four consecutive LC attempts on a well-established box trainer in a surgical training environment following a standardized protocol in a porcine model. The following situation was defined as a critical event (CE): the dissecting instrument was inadvertently located outside the laparoscopic camera’s field of view. Simultaneous activation of the electrosurgical unit was defined as a highly critical event (hCE). Primary endpoint was the incidence of CEs. While performing 96 LCs, 2895 CEs were observed. Of these, 1059 (36.6%) were hCEs. The median number of CEs per LC was 20.5 (range: 1–125; IQR: 33) and the median number of hCEs per LC was 8.0 (range: 0–54, IQR: 10). Mean total operation time was 34.7 min (range: 15.6–62.5 min, IQR: 14.3 min). Our study demonstrates the significance of CEs as a potential risk factor for collateral damage during LC. Further studies are needed to investigate the occurrence of CE in clinical practice, not just for laparoscopic cholecystectomy but also for other procedures. Systematic training of future surgeons as well as technical solutions address this safety issue.
Industrial practice is characterized by random events, also referred to as internal and external turbulences, which disturb the target-oriented planning and execution of production and logistics processes. Methods of probabilistic forecasting, in contrast to single value predictions, allow an estimation of the probability of various future outcomes of a random variable in the form of a probability density function instead of predicting the probability of a specific single outcome. Probabilistic forecasting methods, which are embedded into the analytics process to gain insights for the future based on historical data, therefore offer great potential for incorporating uncertainty into planning and control in industrial environments. In order to familiarize students with these potentials, a training module on the application of probabilistic forecasting methods in production and intralogistics was developed in the learning factory 'Werk150' of the ESB Business School (Reutlingen University). The theoretical introduction to the topic of analytics, probabilistic forecasting methods and the transition to the application domain of intralogistics is done based on examples from other disciplines such as weather forecasting and energy consumption forecasting. In addition, data sets of the learning factory are used to familiarize the students with the steps of the analytics process in a practice-oriented manner. After this, the students are given the task of identifying the influencing factors and required information to capture intralogistics turbulences based on defined turbulence scenarios (e.g. failure of a logistical resource) in the learning factory. Within practical production scenario runs, the students apply probabilistic forecasting using and comparing different probabilistic forecasting methods. The graduate training module allows the students to experience the potentials of using probabilistic forecasting methods to improve production and intralogistics processes in context with turbulences and to build up corresponding professional and methodological competencies.
Bioactive cations, including calcium, copper and magnesium, have shown the potential to become the alternative to protein growth factor-based therapeutics for bone healing. Ion substitutions are less costly, more stable, and more effective at low concentrations. Although they have been shown to be effective in providing bone grafts with more biological functions, the precise control of ion release kinetics is still a challenge. Moreover, the synergistic effect of three or more metal ions on bone regeneration has rarely been studied. In this study, vaterite-calcite CaCO3 particles were loaded with copper (Cu2+) and magnesium (Mg2+). The polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) was deposited on CaCuMg-CO3 particles via layer-by-layer technique to further improve the stability and biocompatibility of the particles and to enable controlled release of multiple metal ions. The PEM coated microcapsules were successfully combined with collagen at the outmost layer, providing a further stimulating microenvironment for bone regeneration. The in vitro release studies showed remarkably stable release of Cu2+ in 2 months without initial burst release. Mg2+ was released in relatively low concentration in the first 7 days. Cell culture studies showed that CaCuMg-PEM-Col microcapsules stimulated cell proliferation, extracellular maturation and mineralization more effectively than blank control and other microcapsules without collagen adsorption (Ca-PEM, CaCu-PEM, CaMg-PEM, CaCuMg-PEM). In addition, the CaCuMg-PEM-Col microcapsules showed positive effects on osteogenesis and angiogenesis in gene expression studies. The results indicate that such a functional and controllable delivery system of multiple bioactive ions might be a safer, simpler and more efficient alternative of protein growth factor-based therapeutics for bone regeneration. It also provides an effective method for functionalizing bone grafts for bone tissue engineering.
Context: Companies that operate in the software-intensive business are confronted with high market dynamics, rapidly evolving technologies as well as fast-changing customer behavior. Traditional product roadmapping practices, such as fixed-time-based charts including detailed planned features, products, or services typically fail in such environments. Until now, the underlying reasons for the failure of product roadmaps in a dynamic and uncertain market environment are not widely analyzed and understood.
Objective: This paper aims to identify current challenges and pitfalls practitioners face when developing and handling product roadmaps in a dynamic and uncertain market environment.
Method: To reach our objective we conducted a grey literature review (GLR).
Results: Overall, we identified 40 relevant papers, from which we could extract 11 challenges of the application of product roadmapping in a dynamic and uncertain market environment. The analysis of the articles showed that the major challenges for practitioners originate from overcoming a feature-driven mindset, not including a lot of details in the product roadmap, and ensuring that the content of the roadmap is not driven by management or expert opinion.
Providing a digital infrastructure, platform technologies foster interfirm collaboration between loosely coupled companies, enabling the formation of ecosystems and building the organizational structure for value co-creation. Despite the known potential, the development of platform ecosystems creates new sources of complexity and uncertainty due to the involvement of various independent actors. For a platform ecosystem to succeed, it is essential that the platform ecosystem participants are aligned, coordinated, and given a common direction. Traditionally, product roadmaps have served these purposes during product development. A systematic mapping study was conducted to better understand how product roadmapping could be used in the dynamic environment of platform ecosystems. One result of the study is that there are hardly any concrete approaches for product roadmapping in platform ecosystems so far. However, many challenges on the topic are described in the literature from different perspectives. Based on the results of the systematic mapping study, a research agenda for product roadmapping in platform ecosystems is derived and presented.
Eine zukunftsfähige Ausrichtung der betrieblichen Abläufe nach den Prinzipien des nachhaltigen Wirtschaftens erhöht die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, die Innovationskraft und die Glaubwürdigkeit des Unternehmens bei allen Interessengruppen. Zudem zeigt die Praxis, dass Unternehmen damit nicht nur ökologische und soziale Aspekte angehen können, sondern auch ökonomisch besser aufgestellt sind, zum Beispiel durch Einsparungen an Ressourcen, einer höheren Akzeptanz im Markt und in der Gesellschaft oder einer besseren Mitarbeitermotivation. In der VDI 4070 Blatt 1 wurde eine Handlungsanleitung gegeben und eine strukturierte Vorgehensweise beschrieben, um Betriebe systematisch an ein nachhaltiges Wirtschaften heranzuführen. In Ergänzung dazu werden in Blatt 2 beispielhafte Methoden sowie bewährte und innovative Instrumente vorgestellt und praktische Anwendungshilfen und Beispiele aufgezeigt. Die Richtlinie richtet sich an Behörden, Beratungsunternehmen, kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen.
Cell migration plays an essential role in wound healing and inflammatory processes inside the human body. Peripheral blood neutrophils, a type of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), are the first cells to be activated during inflammation and subsequently migrate toward an injured tissue or infection site. This response is dependent on both biochemical signaling and the extracellular environment, one aspect of which includes increased temperature in the tissues surrounding the inflammation site. In our study, we analyzed temperature-dependent neutrophil migration using differentiated HL-60 cells. The migration speed of differentiated HL-60 cells was found to correlate positively with temperature from 30 to 42 °C, with higher temperatures inducing a concomitant increase in cell detachment. The migration persistence time of differentiated HL-60 cells was higher at lower temperatures (30–33 °C), while the migration persistence length stayed constant throughout the temperature range. Coupled with the increased speed observed at high temperatures, this suggests that neutrophils are primed to migrate more effectively at the elevated temperatures characteristic of inflammation. Temperature gradients exist on both cell and tissue scales. Taking this into consideration, we also investigated the ability of differentiated HL-60 cells to sense and react to the presence of temperature gradients, a process known as thermotaxis. Using a two-dimensional temperature gradient chamber with a range of 27–43 °C, we observed a migration bias parallel to the gradient, resulting in both positive and negative thermotaxis. To better mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment in vivo, a three-dimensional collagen temperature gradient chamber was constructed, allowing observation of biased neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 migration toward the heat source.
Context: Nowadays the market environment is characterized by high uncertainties due to high market dynamics, confronting companies with new challenges in creating and updating product roadmaps. Most companies are still using traditional approaches which typically fail in such environments. Therefore, companies are seeking opportunities for new product roadmapping approaches.
Objective: This paper presents good practices to support companies better understand what factors are required to conduct a successful product roadmapping in a dynamic and uncertain market environment.
Method: Based on a grey literature review, essential aspects for conducting product roadmapping in a dynamic and uncertain market environment were identified. Expert workshops were then held with two researchers and three practitioners to develop best practices and the proposed approach for an outcome-driven roadmap. These results were then given to another set of practitioners and their perceptions were gathered through interviews.
Results: The study results in the development of 9 good practices that provide practitioners with insights into what aspects are crucial for product roadmapping in a dynamic and uncertain market environment. Moreover, we propose an approach to product roadmapping that includes providing a flexible structure and focusing on delivering value to the customer and the business. To ensure the latter, this approach consists of the main items outcome hypothesis, validated outcomes, and discovered outputs.