Refine
Year of publication
- 2016 (295) (remove)
Document Type
- Conference proceeding (95)
- Journal article (91)
- Book chapter (57)
- Book (29)
- Anthology (5)
- Patent / Standard / Guidelines (5)
- Doctoral Thesis (4)
- Issue of a journal (4)
- Review (2)
- Working Paper (2)
Is part of the Bibliography
- yes (295)
Institute
- ESB Business School (86)
- Informatik (81)
- Technik (72)
- Life Sciences (33)
- Texoversum (17)
Publisher
- Springer (59)
- IEEE (33)
- Hochschule Reutlingen (18)
- Elsevier (17)
- Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V (15)
- Universität Tübingen (10)
- Wiley (10)
- De Gruyter (7)
- Koordinierungsstelle Forschung und Entwicklung der Fachhochschulen des Landes Baden-Württemberg (5)
- MIT Center for Information Systems Research (5)
For many companies, it is major international sporting events (in particular the Football World Cup or the Olympic Games) that constitute the ideal platform for the integration of their target group-specific marketing communication into an attractive sports environment. Sports event organizers sell exclusive marketing rights for their events to official sponsors, who, in return, acquire exclusive options to utilize the event for their own advertising purposes. Ambush marketing is the method used by companies that do not hold marketin rights to an event, but still use their marketing activities in diverse ways to establish a connection to it. There is still whidespread debate and confusion about the topic. Ambush marketing is often defined in different ways, by different people, according to their position as either supporters of opponents of the practice.
As long as there have been professional sports, there have been relationships on different levels. For example, sponsorship (or patronage as it was called in the early days) was mostly based on personal relations between the local benefactors and their favourite sports club. Regarding media, clubs always maintained special relationships with selected journalists. The bond between fans and their clubs was always a close and mutually beneficial one. All these relationships existed from the start of the sports business. Therefore, relationship marketing is nothing new in the context of sports. Many sporting organisations always knew to value a deep and good relationship with their stakeholders and practised relationship marketing without being aware of it. Successful sports managers, however, take the old wisdom and turn it into a modern relationship marketing approach by structuring the various relationships in order to make them more effective and profitable for the own sporting organisation and the various stakeholders. This chapter ... illustrates the many facets of relationship marketing and the possibilities it offers in the context of the sports business.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the consumers’ perception of sustainability and the application of a QR-code in stores with the focus on the information searching behavior regarding sustainable aspects. An online questionnaire was conducted with fashion students at Reutlingen University: in total, 65 students participated in the survey. Paired samples t-test and other statistical analyses were applied to test research questions. Apart from this, the research paper is based on a literature review. Furthermore, the decision was taken to use a projective method in the form of a dummy fashion fTRACE website. Key findings of the survey are that participants give sustainable aspects a higher importance with a QR-code than without one. Participants who prefer a product with detailed information experience a “positive shopping feeling” when provided with transparency via a QR-code. “Origin”, “production” and “quality” were rated of higher importance by those participants. These findings suggest that, transparency provided through the application of a QR-Code in stores influences the consumers’ perception of sustainability. Due to the small sample size of participants (65) in the study, findings of this research not generalizable to a larger population. This paper focused on the consumers’ information searching behavior regarding sustainable aspects, limiting its findings to impacts on perception of sustainability. Further research is therefore recommended.
Anhaltend hohe Mitarbeitermotivation ist die zentrale Voraussetzung für erfolgreichen Vertrieb. Doch viel zu häufig versuchen Unternehmen, ihre Vertriebsmitarbeiter allein durch Einzelimpulse und durchsichtige Anreizsysteme zu motivieren. Dies kann nicht gelingen. Stattdessen sind eine langfristige Perspektive und ein intelligenter Mix verschiedener Instrumente nötig.
This practical guide for advanced students and decision-makers in the pharma and biotech industry presents key success factors in R&D along with value creators in pharmaceutical innovation. A team of editors and authors with extensive experience in academia and industry and at some of the most prestigious business schools in Europe discusses in detail the innovation process in pharma as well as common and new research and innovation strategies. In doing so, they cover collaboration and partnerships, open innovation, biopharmaceuticals, translational medicine, good manufacturing practice, regulatory affairs, and portfolio management. Each chapter covers controversial aspects of recent developments in the pharmaceutical industry, with the aim of stimulating productive debates on the most effective and efficient innovation processes. A must-have for young professionals and MBA students preparing to enter R&D in pharma or biotech as well as for students on a combined BA/biomedical and natural sciences program.
It is known that the costs related with drug research and development (R&D) and the timelines to develop a new drug increased over the past years. In parallel, the success rates of drug projects along the pharmaceutical R&D phases are still very low, and the outcome of all R&D efforts is stagnating. In consequence, the R&D efficiency defined as the financial investment per drug has been steadily decreasing. As innovation is the major growth driver of the pharmaceutical industry, reliable data on R&D efficiency and new concepts to overcome these challenges are of great interest for R&D managers and the sustainability of the pharmaceutical industry as a whole. This book chapter reviews publications on R&D performance indicators of the past years, such as the success rates and timelines per phase. Additionally, it illustrates the factors influencing the success rates, timelines, and costs of pharmaceutical R&D most and, thus, the denominators of the R&D efficiency.
Clinical development is historically the phase in which a potential new medicine is being tested in phase 2 and phase 3 patient trials to demonstrate the new molecules' efficacy and safety to support the regulatory approval of drugs by health authorities. This relatively focused approach has been considerably expanded by a number of forces from within the pharmaceutical industry and equally important by changes in the healthcare systems. The need to identify the optimal patient population, showstoppers leading to discontinuation of clinical programs, the silent but constant removal of surrogate endpoints for registration, and the increased demand for real-life data which are used to demonstrate the patients' benefit and which have an ever-increasing role for pricing and reimbursement negotiations are today an integral part of this phase.
This chapter will review both the nuts and bolts of clinical development but also recent developments in this area which shape the environment and how the different players have reacted and what options might need to be explored in the future.
The reduced research and development (R&D) efficiency, strong competition from generics, increased cost pressure from payers, and an increased biological complexity of new target indications have resulted in a rethinking and a change from a traditional and more closed R&D model in the pharmaceutical industry toward the new paradigm of open innovation. In the past years, pharmaceutical companies have broadened their external networks toward research collaborations with academic institutes, technology providers, or codevelopment partners. To fulfill the demand to reduce timelines and costs, research-based pharmaceutical companies started to outsource R&D activities. In addition, internal R&D processes were adjusted to the more open R&D model and new processes such as alliance management were established. The corporate frontier of pharmaceutical companies became permeable and more open. As a result, the focus of pharmaceutical R&D expanded from a purely internal toward a mixed internal and external model. Today, the U.S. pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly may have established the most open model toward external innovation, as it has integrated its innovation processes with its business model. Other companies are following this more open R&D model with newer concepts such as new frontier sciences, drug discovery alliances, private public partnerships, innovation incubators, virtual R&D, crowdsourcing, open source innovation, and innovation camps.
The efficiency of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) reflected by increasing costs of R&D, long timelines, and low probabilities of technical and regulatory success decreased continuously in the past years. Today, the costs for discovering and developing a new drug are enormously high with more than USD 2 billion per new molecular entity (NME), while the average overall success of a research project to provide an NME is in the single-digit percentage rate, and the total timelines of R&D easily exceeds 10 years questioning the return on investment (ROI) of pharmaceutical R&D. As a consequence and also caused by numerous patent expirations of blockbuster drugs that increased the pressure to return to an acceptable ROI, the pharmaceutical industry addressed this challenge and the related causes and identified several actions that need to be taken to increase the output/input ratio of R&D. This book chapter will review the pipeline sizes and the R&D investments of multinational pharmaceutical companies, will describe new processes that have been implemented to increase the reach and to reduce costs of pharmaceutical R&D, and it will illustrate new innovation models that were developed to increase the R&D efficiency.
Sportmarketing ist die spezifische Anwendung der Marketing-Prinzipien und -Prozesse auf Sportprodukte und Sportdienstleistungen im Sinne der marktorientierten Unternehmensführung. Die Prinzipien des allgemeinen Marketing können allerdings nicht ohne weiteres auf den Sport übertragen werden. Vielmehr wird ein eigenständiger Ansatz benötigt, wenn anstelle von klassischen Produkten oder Dienstleistungen der Sport ins Zentrum der Betrachtung rückt. Ein zentrales Unterscheidungsmerkmal zwischen Sportmarketing und klassischem Marketing ist der Kunde. Sportfans unterscheiden sich in vielerlei Hinsicht fundamental von Konsumenten normaler Produkte, worauf im vorliegenden Beitrag eingegangen wird.
Guerilla Marketing im Sport
(2016)
Aufgrund der zunehmenden Informationsüberlastung der Konsumenten und der daraus resultierenden, steigenden Reaktanz der Rezipienten, sehen sich klassische Werbeformate einer sinkenden Werbeeffizienz ausgesetzt. Mit Hilfe von emotionsbeladenen Botschaften, die auf innovative, spektakuläre und teilweise provokante Art und Weise vermittelt werden, differenziert sich der Guerilla Marketer im Kommunikationswettbewerb und ergänzt den herkömmlichen Marketing-Mix um unkonventionelle Instrumente. Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt das Thema Guerilla Marketing im Sport. Die Analyse und Einordnung praktischer Beispiele aus dem Sportmarketing in den marketingpolitischen Gesamtkontext zeigt, dass der Sport eine hochemotionale und äußerst medienwirksame Plattform für überraschende Guerilla Marketing Aktionen bietet, mit der sich Unternehmen aus nahezu allen Branchen profilieren und von einem Imagetransfer vom Sport hin zur Marke profitieren möchten.
Die Ticketpreise im Spitzenfußball werden immer höher. In den vergangenen Tagen haben Proteste von Fußball-Fans gegen zu hohe Ticketpreise von Vereinen international für Aufsehen gesorgt. Zuletzt protestierten Fans des FC Liverpool und von Borussia Dortmund gegen den Wucher. Dabei gehen die Vereine ein großes Risiko ein - denn Fans, die im Stadion ihre Mannschaft anfeuern und für eine entsprechende Stimmung sorgen, sind für die Vereine sehr wichtig. Was es mit den jüngsten Vorkommnissen auf sich hat und welche sportökonomischen Zusammenhänge dahinterstecken, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag erläutert.
"Wer nicht vielfältig denkt, denkt einfältig". Mit diesem Spruch machen Studierende der Hochschule Reutlingen in einem Videoclip auf das Thema Diversity aufmerksam. Doch was verstehen wir eigentlich darunter? Seit September letzten Jahres ist Professorin Dr. Gabriela Tullius Vizepräsidentin der Hochschule Reutlingen und widmet sich unter anderem diesem Bereich. GEA-Campus hat nachgefragt, worum es bei Diversity geht und warum dieser Bereich die Hochschule beschäftigt.
Methacrylated gelatin and mature adipocytes are promising components for adipose tissue engineering
(2016)
In vitro engineering of autologous fatty tissue constructs is still a major challenge for the treatment of congenital deformities, tumor resections or high-graded burns. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of photo-crosslinkable methacrylated gelatin (GM) and mature adipocytes as components for the composition of three-dimensional fatty tissue constructs. Cytocompatibility evaluations of the GM and the photoinitiator Lithium phenyl-2,4,6 trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) showed no cytotoxicity in the relevant range of concentrations. Matrix stiffness of cell-laden hydrogels was adjusted to native fatty tissue by tuning the degree of crosslinking and was shown to be comparable to that of native fatty tissue. Mature adipocytes were then cultured for 14 days within the GM resulting in a fatty tissue construct loaded with viable cells expressing cell markers perilipin A and laminin. This work demonstrates that mature adipocytes are a highly valuable cell source for the composition of fatty tissue equivalents in vitro. Photo-crosslinkable methacrylated gelatin is an excellent tissue scaffold and a promising bioink for new printing techniques due to its biocompatibility and tunable properties.
Ereignisse, Aktivitäten und Veränderungen 2005:
- Umstellung auf elektronische Erwerbung
- Umgestaltung des Lesesaals
- Neugestaltung der Homepage
- Erweiterung der Öffnungszeiten um 8 Stunden pro Woche
- Erhöhung der Ausleihzahlen um 7 Prozent
- Einrichtung eines Kopierraums
- Durchführung einer Benutzerumfrage
- Organisation einer Ausstellung anlässlich der 150-Jahr-Feier der Hochschule Reutlingen
Durch die Einnahmen aus Studiengebühren konnten die Erwerbungsausgaben der Bibliothek um 75 Prozent gegenüber dem Vorjahr gesteigert werden. Insgesamt wurden 50 Prozent mehr Bücher gekauft als im Jahr zuvor. Dadurch konnte die Literaturversorgung der Hochschulangehörigen erheblich verbessert werden, was sich an den expandierenden Nutzungszahlen erkennen lässt. Im Jahr 2007 verzeichnete die Bibliotheksstatistik 15 Prozent mehr aktive Nutzer und 15 Prozent mehr Erstausleihen als im Jahr zuvor. Trotz dieser positiven Entwicklungen hat im letzten Jahr die Zahl der Vormerkungen um 20 Prozent zugenommen. Das bedeutet, dass die benötigte Literatur sehr häufig verliehen und bei Bedarf nicht verfügbar ist. Im gleichen Zeitraum stieg die Zahl der Fernleihbestellungen um 26 Prozent. Im Berichtsjahr wurden erstmals 1600 E-Books erworben und im Campusnetz bereit gestellt. In Kooperation mit dem Bibliotheksservicezentrum wurde ein Hochschulschriftenserver eingerichtet, der es den Angehörigen beider Hochschulen ermöglicht, ihre Publikationen elektronisch zu veröffentlichen.
Die Medienausgaben der Hochschule Reutlingen nahmen im Vergleich zum Vorjahr um 18 Prozent zu, wobei sich der Schwerpunkt zunehmend von den Printmedien auf die elektronischen Medien verlagert. Bei der Pädagogischen Hochschule gingen die Ausgaben für Medien um 9 Prozent zurück. Die Nutzungszahlen der Bibliothek stiegen in allen Bereichen: Die Zahl der Erstausleihen nahm um 2 Prozent zu, die Zahl der aktiven Bibliotheksbenutzer stieg um 5 Prozent. Die Nutzung elektronischer Medien legte um 39 Prozent zu. Die Zahl der gebenden Fernleihen stieg um 1 Prozent, die der nehmenden Fernleihen sank um 8 Prozent. Diese Zahlen spiegeln die wachsende Attraktivität des Reutlinger Bibliotheksbestands wider. Im Berichtsjahr wurden zwei Projekte begonnen: Zum einen die Ausstattung des Freihandbestands mit RFID-Etiketten, zum anderen die Installation einer Suchmaschine zur Optimierung der Recherche.
The focus of this work lies on teaching methods for product design to stimulate novelty within a multiple disciplinary educational context. To address this issue, the different types of multiple disciplinary approach are presented by reviewing existing literature. As the initial study involved looking at the correlation between disciplines and product features, the definition of product design and its relationship with industrial design and other adjacent domains are introduced. The structure of a newly developed interdisciplinary master in product design is presented and, within this program, an educational activity fostering creativity in heterogeneous multiple disciplinary environments is described. Inspired by the approach of industrial designers to generate creative solutions, it is conceived to help product design students to flexibly adapt the problem and the solution space together through an iterative process.
Anhand von Übungen und Fallstudien lassen sich in diesem Band die zentralen Kapitel und Themen des Lehrbuchs optimal wiederholen und vertiefen.
Der Aufbau des Übungsbuchs orientiert sich an den wichtigsten im Lehrbuch vorgestellten Controlling- Instrumenten. Zu jedem Werkzeug bietet es Aufgaben und Fragestellungen aus der Praxis.
Mithilfe der umfangreichen Fallstudie der X-presso AG, die auch in Englisch dargestellt wird, können die Studierenden sich die englische Terminologie aneignen. Zusätzlich werden zusammenhängende und anspruchsvollere Aufgabenstellungen auf Prüfungsniveau angeboten.
Mit ausführlichen Lösungsvorschlägen zu jeder Aufgabe. Die 3. Auflage greift alle Aktualisierungen des Lehrbuchs auf.
Wer mit Argumenten Veränderungen bewirken will, muss seine Ansprechpartner für seine Lösungsansätze gewinnen. Ob dies gelingt, ist heutzutage keine Frage von rhetorischem Talent und Charisma mehr. Denn Techniken des Storylinings und Storytellings machen eine Professionalisierung betriebswirtschaftlicher Argumentation und Gedankenführung für jedermann möglich.
Kennzahlen zur Liquidität
(2016)
Tumorzellen on the move : mikrosystem-basierter Assay zur Untersuchung der Tumorzellen-Migration
(2016)
Die Invasion von Tumorzellen in umliegendes Gewebe und die Bildung von Metastasen transformieren einen lokal wachsenden Tumor in eine systemische und lebensbedrohliche Krankheit mit schlechter Prognose. Dabei spielt die aktive Migration der Tumorzellen eine entscheidende Rolle. Tumorzellen gelangen durch die aktive Zellbewegung in das Lymph- oder Blutsystem und breiten sich im Körper aus. Bei der Invasion in ein neues Organ migrieren die Zellen ebenfalls wieder in komplexer Weise durch das Gewebe und können schließlich dort Metastasen bilden. Auf Grund der enormen medizinischen Relevanz der Tumorzell-Invasion, wird die Bewegung von Tumorzellen seit Jahrzehnten unter Laborbedingungen umfassend untersucht und ist ein wichtiger Marker für die Aggressivität der Tumorzellen. Zur Bewegungsanalyse gibt es mehrere experimentelle und auch kommerziell erhältliche in-vitro Untersuchungsmethoden. Ziel des interdisziplinären Projektes „MigChip“ ist die Entwicklung, Herstellung und experimentelle Validierung eines Mikrofludik-Chips zur verbesserten, detailgenauen in-vitro Untersuchung der Tumorzellen-Migration.
The extracellular environment of vascular cells in vivo is complex in its chemical composition, physical properties, and architecture. Consequently, it has been a great challenge to study vascular cell responses in vitro, either to understand their interaction with their native environment or to investigate their interaction with artificial structures such as implant surfaces. New procedures and techniques from materials science to fabricate bio-scaffolds and surfaces have enabled novel studies of vascular cell responses under well-defined, controllable culture conditions. These advancements are paving the way for a deeper understanding of vascular cell biology and materials–cell interaction. Here, we review previous work focusing on the interaction of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) with materials having micro- and nanostructured surfaces. We summarize fabrication techniques for surface topographies, materials, geometries, biochemical functionalization, and mechanical properties of such materials. Furthermore, various studies on vascular cell behavior and their biological responses to micro- and nanostructured surfaces are reviewed. Emphasis is given to studies of cell morphology and motility, cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton and cell-matrix adhesions, and signal transduction pathways of vascular cells. We finalize with a short outlook on potential interesting future studies.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the applicability of current benchmarking proposals for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and to suggest a condensed process for logistics benchmarking in SMEs.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper starts by outlining why the logistics function is of increasing importance for SMEs. It discusses the benefit of logistics benchmarking and typical SME restrictions in benchmarking. Available approaches to benchmarking are discussed and their weaknesses when applied to SME logistics benchmarking are analyzed. The paper develops a new benchmarking process framework for SME logistics benchmarking and reports findings of a case application in three German SMEs.
Eine gut funktionierende Logistik ist ein wichtiger Wettbewerbsfaktor. Um ihren Beitrag zum Unternehmenserfolg ermitteln zu können, müssen ihre Kosten aber bestimmbar sein. Daran hapert es häufig. Dabei gibt es Ansätze, um Logistikkosten von anderen Kosten abzugrenzen. Unternehmen müssen nur konkrete Regeln für ihren Einsatz berücksichtigen.
Fremdkapital ist aktuell „billig“, doch die Investitionstätigkeit von Unternehmen bleibt zurückhaltend. Wer investieren möchte, muss in erster Linie die Höhe der Kapitalkosten berücksichtigen, die im Gegensatz zu den Zinsen nur leicht gesunken sind. Controller brauchen geeignete Ansätze, um zukünftige Kapitalkosten in Investitionsentscheidungen einzubeziehen.
Die Zusammensetzung der soziografischen Strukturen einer Gesellschaft beeinflusst deren typische Charakteristika. Die für eine bestimmte Generation gängigen Merkmale wirken sich mittelbar auf die Art und Weise aus, wie Unternehmen und deren Abteilungen ihre Personalakquirierungsstrategien denken. Ein rechtzeitiges Verständnis generativer Charakteristika ist insbesondere für den Mittelstand essenziell. So konkurriert man eben auch bei hochqualifiziertem Personal mit großen internationalen Konzernen. Und Vertriebsmitarbeiter gibt es ja auch nicht wie Sand am Meer. Umgekehrt skizzieren die generativen Verhaltens- und Einstellungsmerkmale aber auch in sich partiell homogene Anforderungsprofile der Mitglieder einer solchen Generation, welche von erheblicher Praxisrelevanz sind.
Wo auch immer in Deutschland Sie Ihre Einkäufe erledigen, zumindest bei Grundnahrungsmitteln sind die Preis- und Qualitätsunterschiede zwischen verschiedenen Lebensmitteleinzelhändlern marginal. Für einen Warenkorb entstehen spürbare Preisunterschiede erst dann, wenn sich der Kunde für hochpreisige Markenprodukte entscheidet und ungewöhnlichere Artikel kauft. Und die gibt es zunehmend auch bei den klassischen Discountern, Teil eines größeren Trends, der vielen Verbrauchern noch nicht vollkommen bewusst ist. Denn die großen Discounter wandeln sich zu Einkaufsplattformen für viele Dinge des täglichen Bedarfs und werden bei steigendem Qualitätsangebot zu Wohlfühlsupermärkten. Schaffen sie damit eventuell zukünftig Raum für einen neuen Harddiscounter unterhalb der Platzhirsche?
The increasing emergence of cyber-physical systems (CPS) and a global crosslinking of these CPS to cyber-physical production systems (CPPS) are leading to fundamental changes of future work and logistic systems requiring innovative methods to plan, control and monitor changeable production systems and new forms of human-machine-collaboration. Particularly logistic systems have to obey the versatility of CPPS and will be transferred to so-called cyber physical logistic systems, since the logistical networks will underlie the requirements of constant changes initiated by changeable production systems. This development is driven and enhanced by increasingly volatile and globalized market and manufacturing environments combined with a high demand for individualized products and services. Also nowadays mainly used centralized control systems are pushed to their limits regarding their abilities to deal with the arising complexity to plan, control and monitor changeable work and logistic systems. Decentralized control systems bear the potential to cope with these challenges by distributing the required operations on various nodes of the resulting decentralized control system.
Learning factories, like the ESB Logistics Learning Factory at ESB Business School (Reutlingen University), provide a wide range of possibilities to develop new methods and innovative technical solutions in a risk-free and close-to-reality factory environment and to transfer knowledge as well as specific competences into the training of students and professionals. To intensify the research and training activities in the field of future work and logistics systems, ESB Business School is transferring its existing production system into a CPPS involving decentralized planning, control and monitoring methods and systems, human-machine-collaboration as well as technical assistance systems for changeable work and logistics systems.
A seamless convergence of the digital and physical factory aiming in personalized Product Emergence Process (PPEP) for smart products within ESB Logistics Learning Factory at Reutlingen University.
A completely new business model with reference to Industrie4.0 and facilitated by 3D experience software in today's networked society in which customers expect immediate responses, delightful experience and simple solutions is one of the mission scenarios in the ESB Logistics Learning Factory at ESB Business School (Reutlingen University).
The business experience platform provides software solutions for every organization in the company respectively in the factory. An interface with dashboards, project management apps, 3D - design and construction apps with high end visualization, manufacturing and simulation apps as well as intelligence and social network apps in a collaborative interactive environment help the user to learn the creation of a value end to end process for a personalized virtual and later real produced product.
Instead of traditional ways of working and a conventional operating factory real workers and robots work semi-intuitive together. Centerpiece in the self-planned interim factory is the smart personalized product, uniquely identifiable and locatable at all times during the production process – a scooter with an individual colored mobile phone – holder for any smart phone produced with a 3D printer in lot size one. Smart products have in the future solutions incorporated internet based services – designed and manufactured - at the costs of mass products. Additionally the scooter is equipped with a retrievable declarative product memory. Monitoring and control is handled by sensor tags and a raspberry positioned on the product. The engineering design and implementation of a changeable production system is guided by a self-execution system that independently find amongst others esplanade workplaces.
The imparted competences to students and professionals are project management method SCRUM, customization of workflows by Industrie4.0 principles, the enhancements of products with new personalized intelligent parts, electrical and electronic selfprogrammed components and the control of access of the product memory information, to plan in a digital engineering environment and set up of the physical factory to produce customer orders. The gained action-orientated experience refers to the chances and requirements for holistic digital and physical systems.
Context: An experiment-driven approach to software product and service development is gaining increasing attention as a way to channel limited resources to the efficient creation of customer value. In this approach, software capabilities are developed incrementally and validated in continuous experiments with stakeholders such as customers and users. The experiments provide factual feedback for guiding subsequent development.
Objective: This paper explores the state of the practice of experimentation in the software industry. It also identifies the key challenges and success factors that practitioners associate with the approach.
Method: A qualitative survey based on semi-structured interviews and thematic coding analysis was conducted. Ten Finnish software development companies, represented by thirteen interviewees, participated in the study.
Results: The study found that although the principles of continuous experimentation resonated with industry practitioners, the state of the practice is not yet mature. In particular, experimentation is rarely systematic and continuous. Key challenges relate to changing the organizational culture, accelerating the development cycle speed, and finding the right measures for customer value and product success. Success factors include a supportive organizational culture, deep customer and domain knowledge, and the availability of the relevant skills and tools to conduct experiments.
Conclusions: It is concluded that the major issues in moving towards continuous experimentation are on an organizational level; most significant technical challenges have been solved. An evolutionary approach is proposed as a way to transition towards experiment-driven development.
Software process improvement (SPI) has been around for decades: frameworks are proposed, success factors are studied, and experiences have been reported. However, the sheer mass of concepts, approaches, and standards published over the years overwhelms practitioners as well as researchers. What is out there? Are there new trends and emerging approaches? What are open issues? Still, we struggle to answer these questions about the current state of SPI and related research. In this article, we present results from an updated systematic mapping study to shed light on the field of SPI, to develop a big picture of the state of the art, and to draw conclusions for future research directions. An analysis of 769 publications draws a big picture of SPI-related research of the past quarter-century. Our study shows a high number of solution proposals, experience reports, and secondary studies, but only few theories and models on SPI in general. In particular, standard SPI models like CMMI and ISO/IEC 15,504 are analyzed, enhanced, and evaluated for applicability in practice, but these standards are also critically discussed, e.g., from the perspective of SPI in small to-medium-sized companies, which leads to new specialized frameworks. New and specialized frameworks account for the majority of the contributions found (approx. 38%). Furthermore, we find a growing interest in success factors (approx. 16%) to aid companies in conducting SPI and in adapting agile principles and practices for SPI (approx. 10%). Beyond these specific topics, the study results also show an increasing interest into secondary studies with the purpose of aggregating and structuring SPI-related knowledge. Finally, the present study helps directing future research by identifying under-researched topics awaiting further investigation.
Software development consists to a large extend of humanbased processes with continuously increasing demands regarding interdisciplinary team work. Understanding the dynamics of software teams can be seen as highly important to successful project execution. Hence, for future project managers, knowledge about non-technical processes in teams is significant. In this paper, we present a course unit that provides an environment in which students can learn and experience the impact of group dynamics on project performance and quality. The course unit uses the Tuckman model as theoretical framework, and borrows from controlled experiments to organize and implement its practical parts in which students then experience the effects of, e.g., time pressure, resource bottlenecks, staff turnover, loss of key personnel, and other stress factors. We provide a detailed design of the course unit to allow for implementation in further software project management courses. Furthermore, we provide experiences obtained from two instances of this unit conducted in Munich and Karlskrona with 36 graduate students. We observed students building awareness of stress factors and developing counter measures to reduce impact of those factors. Moreover, students experienced what problems occur when teams work under stress and how to form a performing team despite exceptional situations.
For decades, Software Process Improvement (SPI) programs have been implemented, inter alia, to improve quality and speed of software development. To set up, guide, and carry out SPI projects, and to measure SPI state, impact, and success, a multitude of different SPI approaches and considerable experience are available. SPI addresses many aspects ranging from individual developer skills to entire organizations. It comprises for instance the optimization of specific activities in the software lifecycle as well as the creation of organization awareness and project culture. In the course of conducting a systematic mapping study on the state-of-the-art in SPI from a general perspective, we observed Global Software Engineering (GSE) becoming a topic of interest in recent years. Therefore, in this paper, we provide a detailed investigation of those papers from the overall systematic mapping study that were classified as addressing SPI in the context of GSE. From the main study’s result set, a set of 30 papers dealing with GSE was selected for an in-depth analysis using the systematic review instrument to study the contributions and to develop an initial picture of how GSE is considered from the perspective of SPI. Our findings show the analyzed papers delivering a substantial discussion of cultural models and how such models can be used to better address and align SPI programs with multi-national environments. Furthermore, experience is shared discussing how agile approaches can be implemented in companies working at the global scale. Finally, success factors and barriers are studied to help companies implementing SPI in a GSE context.
Software development consists to a large extent of human-based processes with continuously increasing demands regarding interdisciplinary team work. Understanding the dynamics of software teams can be seen as highly important to successful project execution. Hence, for future project managers, knowledge about non-technical processes in teams is significant. In this paper, we present a course unit that provides an environment in which students can learn and experience the role of different communication patterns in distributed agile software development. In particular, students gain awareness about the importance of communication by experiencing the impact of limitations of communication channels and the effects on collaboration and team performance. The course unit presented uses the controlled experiment instrument to provide the basic organization of a small software project carried out in virtual teams. We provide a detailed design of the course unit to allow for implementation in further courses. Furthermore, we provide experiences obtained from implementing this course unit with 16 graduate students. We observed students struggling with technical aspects and team coordination in general, while not realizing the importance of communication channels (or their absence). Furthermore, we could show the students that lacking communication protocols impact team coordination and performance regardless of the communication channels used.
The internet of things, enterprise social networks, adaptive case management, mobility systems, analytics for big data, and cloud environments are emerging to support smart connected i.e. digital products and services and the digital transformation. Biological metaphors for living and adaptable ecosystems are currently providing the logical foundation for resilient run-time environments with serviceoriented digitization architectures and for self-optimizing intelligent business services and related distributed information systems. We are investigating mechanisms for flexible adaptation and evolution of information systems with digital architecture in the context of the ongoing digital transformation. The goal is to support flexible and agile transformations for both business and related information systems through adaptation and dynamical evolution of their digital architectures. The present research paper investigates mechanisms of decision analytics for digitization architectures, putting a spotlight to internet of things micro-granular architectures, by extending original enterprise architecture reference models with digitization architectures and their multi-perspective architectural decision management.
The digitization of our society changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. This disruptive change interacts with all information processes and systems that are important business enablers for the context of digitization since years. Our aim is to support flexibility and agile transformations for both business domains and related information technology with more flexible enterprise information systems through adaptation and evolution of digital enterprise architectures. The present research paper investigates the continuous bottom-up integration of micro-granular architectures for a huge amount of dynamically growing systems and services, like microservices and the Internet of Things, as part of a new digital enterprise architecture. To integrate micro granular architecture models to living architectural model versions we are extending more traditional enterprise architecture reference models with state of art elements for agile architectural engineering to support the digitization of products, services, and processes.
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a widely used modification for drug delivery systems. It reduces undesired interaction with biological components, aggregation of complexes and serves as a hydrophilic linker of ligands for targeted drug delivery. However, PEGylation can also lead to undesired changes in physicochemical characteristics of chitosan/siRNA nanoplexes and hamper gene silencing.
To address this conflicting issue, PEG-chitosan copolymers were synthesized with stepwise increasing degrees of PEG substitution (1.5% to 8.0%). Subsequently formed PEG-chitosan/siRNA nanoplexes were characterized physicochemically and biologically. The results showed that small ratios of chitosan PEGylation did not affect nanoplex stability and density. However, higher PEGylation ratios reduced nanoplex size and charge, as well as cell uptake and final siRNA knockdown efficiency.
Therefore, we recommend fine-tuning of PEGylation ratios to generate PEG-chitosan/siRNA delivery systems with maximum bioactivity. The degree of PEGylation for chitosan/siRNA nanoplexes should be kept low in order to maintain optimal nanoplex efficiency.
The effect of Hofmeister anions on the surface properties of polyelectrolyte multilayers built from hyaluronan and chitosan by layer-by-layer deposition is studied by ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. The thickness, roughness and morphology of the resulting coatings were found to depend on the type of the anion. Relationship between the surface properties and the biological response of the polyelectrolyte multilayers is established by assessing the degree of protein (albumin) adsorption.
Wie digital ist ein Unternehmen aufgestellt? Wie weit ist es im Vergleich mit anderen Unternehmen der Branche? Um dies zu eruieren, eignen sich digitale Reifegradmodelle. Sie bieten eine Beschreibung der Ist-Situation, regen zur Reflexion über die wichtigen Fragen der Digitalisierung an und zeigen, welche Faktoren sich beeinflussen. Kontinuierlich eingesetzt lassen sie sich als Monitoring des digitalen Transformationsprozesses nutzen.
Herein the optimization of the physicochemical properties and surface biocompatibility of polyelectrolyte multilayers of the natural, biocompatible and biodegradable, linear polysaccharides hyaluronan and chitosan by Hofmeister anions was systematically investigated. We demonstrated that there is an interconnection between the bulk and surface properties of HA/Chi multilayers both varying in accordance with the arrangement of the anions in the Hofmeister series. Kosmotropic anions increased the hydration, thickness, micro- and macro-roughness, and hydrophilicity and improved the biocompatibility of the films by reduction (2 orders of magnitude) of the films stiffness and complete anti-thrombogenicity.
Die Zusammensetzung der soziografischen Strukturen einer Gesellschaft beeinflusst deren typische Charakteristika. Die für eine bestimmte Generation gängigen Merkmale wirken sich mittelbar auf die Art und Weise aus, wie Unternehmen und deren Abteilungen ihre Personalakquirierungsstrategien denken. Ein rechtzeitiges Verständnis generativer Charakteristika ist insbesondere für den Mittelstand essenziell. So konkurriert man eben auch bei hochqualifiziertem Personal mit großen internationalen Konzernen. Und Vertriebsmitarbeiter gibt es ja auch nicht wie Sand am Meer. Umgekehrt skizzieren die generativen Verhaltens- und Einstellungsmerkmale aber auch in sich partiell homogene Anforderungsprofile der Mitglieder einer solchen Generation, welche von erheblicher Praxisrelevanz sind.
Die Krise des Euro hat gezeigt, dass die Währungsunion ohne gemeinsame Wirtschaftsunion unvollständig ist. Diese ist auch heute unrealistisch. Umso wichtiger ist es, die Solidität des Euro auf eine funktionsfähige Regelbindung zu gründen und aus der Wirtschafts- und Fiskalpolitik der Eurostaaten eine gemeinsame Stabilitätskultur zu entwickeln. Bodo Herzog entwirft dafür einen Weg in der Tradition der deutschen Ordnungspolitik: Eine regelgebundene Währungsunion, die auf einem besseren Regelwerk beruht, dessen Einhaltung gemeinsam, einheitlich und strikt beachtet wird.
The power supply is one of the major challenges for applications like internet of things IoTs and smart home. The maintenance issue of batteries and the limited power level of energy harvesting is addressed by the integrated micro power supply presented in this paper. Connected to the 120/230 Vrms mains, which is one of the most reliable energy sources and anywhere indoor available, it provides a 3.3V DC output voltage. The micro power supply consists of a fully integrated ACDC and DCDC converter with one external low voltage SMD buffer capacitor. The micro power supply is fabricated in a low cost 0.35 μm 700 V CMOS technology and covers a die size of 7.7 mm². The use of only one external low voltage SMD capacitor, results in an extremely compact form factor. The ACDC is a direct coupled, full wave rectifier with a subsequent bipolar shunt regulator, which provides an output voltage around 17 V. The DCDC stage is a fully integrated 4:1 SC DCDC converter with an input voltage as high as 17 V and a peak efficiency of 45 %. The power supply achieves an overall output power of 3 mW, resulting in a power density of 390 μW/mm². This exceeds prior art by a factor of 11.
The power supply is one of the major challenges for applications like internet of things IoTs and smart home. The maintenance issue of batteries and the limited power level of energy harvesting is addressed by the integrated micro power supply presented in this paper. Connected to the 120/230 Vrms mains, which is one of the most reliable energy sources and anywhere indoor available, it provides a 3.3V DC output voltage. The micro power supply consists of a fully integrated ACDC and DCDC converter with one external low voltage SMD buffer capacitor. The micro power supply is fabricated in a low cost 0.35 μm 700 V CMOS technology and covers a die size of 7.7 mm². The use of only one external low voltage SMD capacitor, results in an extremely compact form factor. The ACDC is a direct coupled, full wave rectifier with a subsequent bipolar shunt regulator, which provides an output voltage around 17 V. The DCDC stage is a fully integrated 4:1 SC DCDC converter with an input voltage as high as 17 V and a peak efficiency of 45 %. The power supply achieves an overall output power of 3 mW, resulting in a power density of 390 μW/mm². This exceeds prior art by a factor of 11.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively characterise the interdisciplinary phenomenon of ambush marketing in sports, structure its manifestations, illustrate the consequences associated with ambush marketing and provide a critical evaluation from an objective perspective.
Design/methodology/approach: Various approaches to the definition of ambush marketing are presented and the objectives pursued with ambush marketing are identified. In this paper a new approach has been developed to structure the strategies and manifestations of ambush marketing.
Findings: It is a fine line between creative marketing and infringing on sponsorship rights. So the interdisciplinary phenomenon ambush marketing is discussed controversially. Ambush marketing is situated at the intersection of two opposing spheres of interest conducting a battle for shares of the marketing potential of a sports event. On one side there is the disparaging view of ambush marketing founded on legal and/or ethical considerations. On the other, the author has the respectful assessment of ambushers characterised by their innovative, creative marketing.
Practical implications: The analysis conducted in this paper leads to the conclusion that a general evaluation or condemnation of ambush marketing is not feasible. A four-field matrix emerges from the combination of a legal statutory consideration on one hand and an ethical-moral assessment on the other.
Originality/value: The paper describes and structures ambush marketing in a novel form and discusses illustrating examples from major sporting events. Ambush marketing is evaluated from a neutral perspective by summarising the opportunities and threats of ambush marketing which leads to a nuanced contemplation of ambush marketing.
A highly integrated synchronous buck converter with a predictive dead time control for input voltages >18 V with 10 MHz switching frequency is presented. A high resolution dead time of ˜125 ps allows to reduce dead time dependent losses without requiring body diode conduction to evaluate the dead time. High resolution is achieved by frequency compensated sampling of the switching node and by an 8 bit differential delay chain. Dead time parameters are derived in a comprehensive study of dead time depended losses. This way, the efficiency of fast switching DC-DC converters can be optimized by eliminating the body diode forward conduction losses, minimizing reverse recovery losses and by achieving zero voltage switching. High-speed circuit blocks for fast switching operation are presented including level shifter, gate driver, PWM generator. The converter has been implemented in a 180 nm high-voltage BiCMOS technology.