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Excellence in IT is both a driver and a key enabler of the digital transformation. The digital transformation changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. The Internet of Things (IoT) fundamentally influences today’s digital strategies with disruptive business operating models and fast changing markets. New business information systems are integrating emerging Internet of Things infrastructures and components. With the huge diversity of Internet of Things technologies and products organizations have to leverage and extend previous Enterprise Architecture efforts to enable business value by integrating Internet of Things architectures. Both architecture engineering and management of current information systems and business models are complex and currently integrating beside the Internet of Things synergistic subjects, like Enterprise Architecture in context with services & cloud computing, semantic-based decision support through ontologies and knowledge-based systems, big data management, as well as mobility and collaboration networks. To provide adequate decision support for complex business/IT environments, we have to make transparent the impact of business and IT changes over the integral landscape of affected architectural capabilities, like directly and transitively impacted IoT-objects, business categories, processes, applications, services, platforms and infrastructures. The paper describes a new metamodel-based approach for integrating Internet of Things architectural objects, which are semi-automatically federated into a holistic Digital Enterprise Architecture environment.
The Internet of Things (IoT) fundamentally influences today’s digital strategies with disruptive business operating models and fast changing markets. New business information systems are integrating emerging Internet of Things infrastructures and components. With the huge diversity of Internet of Things technologies and products organizations have to leverage and extend previous enterprise architecture efforts to enable business value by integrating the Internet of Things into their evolving Enterprise Architecture Management environments. Both architecture engineering and management of current enterprise architectures is complex and has to integrate beside the Internet of Things synergistic disciplines like EAM - Enterprise Architecture and Management with disciplines like: services & cloud computing, semantic-based decision support through ontologies and knowledge-based systems, big data management, as well as mobility and collaboration networks. To provide adequate decision support for complex business/IT environments, it is necessary to identify affected changes of Internet of Things environments and their related fast adapting architecture. We have to make transparent the impact of these changes over the integral landscape of affected EAM-capabilities, like directly and transitively impacted IoT-objects, business categories, processes, applications, services, platforms and infrastructures. The paper describes a new metamodel-based approach for integrating partial Internet of Things objects, which are semi-automatically federated into a holistic Enterprise Architecture Management environment.
The digital transformation of our society changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. This disruptive change interacts with all information processes and systems that are important business enablers for the digital transformation since years. The Internet of Things, social collaboration systems for adaptive case management, mobility systems and services for Big Data in cloud services environments are emerging to support intelligent user-centered and social community systems. They will shape future trends of business innovation and the next wave of information and communication technology. Biological metaphors of living and adaptable ecosystems provide the logical foundation for self-optimizing and resilient run-time environments for intelligent business services and related distributed information systems with service-oriented enterprise architectures. The present research investigates mechanisms for flexible adaptation and evolution of digital enterprise architectures in the context of integrated synergistic disciplines like distributed service-oriented architectures and information systems, EAM - Enterprise Architecture and Management, metamodeling, semantic echnologies, web services, cloud computing and Big Data technology. Our aim is to support flexibility and agile transformations for both business domains and related enterprise systems through adaptation and evolution of digital enterprise architectures. The present research paper investigates digital transformations of business and IT and integrates fundamental mappings between adaptable digital enterprise architectures and service-oriented information systems.
The digitization of our society changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. This disruptive change interacts with all information processes and systems that are important business enablers for the context of digitization since years. Our aim is to support flexibility and agile transformations for both business domains and related information technology and enterprise systems through adaptation and evolution of digital enterprise architectures. The present research paper investigates collaborative decision mechanisms for adaptive digital enterprise architectures by extending original architecture reference models with state of art elements for agile architectural engineering for the digitization and collaborative architectural decision support.
Mit dem Kunstbegriff "Virtuelle Realität" beschreibt man die Darstellung von künstlichen Welten und die Interaktion mit den selbigen. Meist verbindet man damit teure Spiel- und Filmproduktionen. Doch durch derzeitige Entwicklungen können auch kleine Entwicklerstudios und Endanwender auf Bewegungserkennungssysteme zurückgreifen. In dieser Ausarbeitung werden zwei Prototypen vorgestellt, die auf eben diese Systeme zurückgreifen. In den Prototypen soll eine Interaktion mit der Umwelt und ein "Mittendringefühl" im Rahmen von Serious Games ermöglicht werden.
DMOS transistors often suffer from substantial self-heating during high power dissipation, which can lead to thermal destruction if the device temperature reaches excessive values. A successfully demonstrated method to reduce the peak temperature is the redistribution of power dissipation density from the hotter to the cooler device areas by careful layout modification. However, this is very tedious and time-consuming if complex-shaped devices as often found in industrial applications are considered.
This paper presents an approach for fully automatic layout optimization which requires only a few hours processing time. The approach is applied to complex shaped test structures which are investigated by measurements and electro-thermal simulations. Results show a significantly lower peak temperature and an energy capability gain of 84 %, offering potential for a 18 % size reduction of active area.
Saving energy and protecting the environment became fundamental for society and politics, why several laws were enacted to increase the energy-efficiency. Furthermore, the growing number of vehicles and drivers leaded to more accidents and fatalities on the roads, why road safety became an important factor as well. Due to the increasing importance of energy-efficiency and safety, car manufacturers started to optimise the vehicle in terms of energy-effciency and safety. However, energy-efficiency and road safety can be also increased by adapting the driving behaviour to the given driving situation. This thesis presents a concept of an adaptive and rule based driving system that tries to educate the driver in energy-efficient and safe driving by showing recommendations on time. Unlike existing driving-systems, the presented driving system considers energy-efficiency and safety relevant driving rules, the individual driving behaviour and the driver condition. This allows to avoid the distraction of the driver and to increase the acceptance of the driving system, while improving the driving behaviour in terms of energy-efficiency and safety. A prototype of the driving system was developed and evaluated. The evaluation was done on a driving simulator using 42 test drivers, who tested the effect of the driving system on the driving behaviour and the effect of the adaptiveness of the driving system on the user acceptance. It has been proven during the evaluation that the energy-efficiency and safety can be increased, when the driving system was used. Furthermore, it has been proven that the user acceptance of the driving system increases when the adaptive feature was turned on. A high user acceptance of the driving system allows a steady usage of the driving system and, thus, a steady improvement of the driving behaviour in terms of energy-efficiency and safety.
In dieser Arbeit wird eine optimierte Bandgap-Referenz zur Erzeugung einer temperaturstabilen Spannung und eines Referenzstroms vorgestellt. Für Low-Power-Anwendungen wurde die Bandgap-Referenz, basierend auf der Brokaw-Zelle, mit minimaler Stromaufnahme und optimierter Chipfläche durch Multi-Emitter-Layout der Bipolartransistoren implementiert. Zusätzliches Merkmal ist ein verbreiteter Versorgungsspannungsbereich von 2,5 bis 5,5 V. Simulationen zeigen, dass eine stabile Ausgangsspannung von 1,218 V und ein Referenzstrom von 1,997 μA realisiert wird. Im Temperaturbereich -40 °C … 50 °C sowie dem gesamten Bereich der Versorgungsspannung beträgt die Genauigkeit der Referenzspannung ± 0,04 % mit einer Gesamtstromaufnahme zwischen 3,5 und 10 μA. Es wird eine Temperaturdrift von 2,18 ppm/K erreicht. Durch das elektronische Trimmen von Widerständen wird der Offset der Ausgangsspannung, bedingt durch Herstellungstoleranzen, auf ±3,5 mV justiert. Die Referenz wird in einer 0,18 μm BiCMOS-Technologie implementiert.
Size and cost of a switched mode power supply can be reduced by increasing the switching frequency. The maximum switching frequency and the maximum conversion ratio are limited by the duty cycle of a PWM signal. In DCDC converters, a sawtooth generator is the fundamental circuit block to generate the PWM signal. The presented PWM generator is based on two parallel, fully interleaved PWM generator stages, each containing an integrator based sawtooth generator and two 3-stage highspeed comparators. A digital multiplexing of the PWM signals of each stage eliminates the dependency of the minimum on-time on the large reset times of the sawtooth ramps. A separation of the references of the PWM comparators in both stage allows to configure the PWM generator for a DCDC converter operating in fixed frequency or in constant on-time mode, which requires an operation in a wide frequency range. The PWM generator was fabricated in an 180 nm HV BiCMOS technology, as part of a DCDC converter. Measurements confirm minimum possible ontime pulses as short as 2 ns and thus allows switching frequencies of DCDC converters of >50 MHz at small duty cycle of <10%. At moderate duty cycles switching frequencies up to 100 MHz are possible.
Substrate coupling is a critical failure mechanism especially in fast-switching integrated power stages controlling high-side NMOS power FETs. The parasitic coupling across the substrate in integrated power stages at rise times of up to 500 ps and input voltages of up to 40V is investigated in this paper. The coupling has been studied for the power stage of an integrated buck converter. In particular, dedicated diverting and isolation structures against substrate coupling are analyzed by simulations and evaluated with measurements from test chips in 180nm high-voltage BiCMOS. The results are compared regarding effectiveness, area as well as implementation effort and cost. Back-side metalization shows superior characteristics with nearly 100% noise suppression. Readily available p-guard ring structures bring 75% disturbance reduction. The results are applicable to advanced and future power management solutions with fully integrated switched-mode power supplies at switching frequencies >10 MHz.
This paper presents an integrated synchronous buck converter for input voltages >12V with 10MHz switching frequency. The converter comprises a predictive dead time control with frequency compensated sampling of the switching node which does not require body diode forward conduction. A high dead time resolution of 125 ps is achieved by a differential delay chain with 8-bit resolution. This way, the efficiency of fast switching DCDC converters can be optimized by eliminating the body diode forward conduction losses, minimizing reverse recovery losses and by achieving zero voltage switching at turn off. The converter was implemented in a 180nm high-voltage BiCMOS technology. The power losses were measured to be reduced by 30%by the proposed dead time control, which results in a 6% efficiency increase at VOUT = 5V and 0.2A load. The peak efficiency is 81 %.
Socially interactive robots with human-like speech synthesis and recognition, coupled with humanoid appearance, are an important subject of robotics and artificial intelligence research. Modern solutions have matured enough to provide simple services to human users. To make the interaction with them as fast and intuitive as possible, researchers strive to create transparent interfaces close to human-human interaction. Because facial expressions play a central role in human-human communication, robot faces were implemented with varying degrees of human-likeness and expressiveness. We propose a way to implement a program that believably animates changing facial expressions and allows to influence them via inter-process communication based on an emotion model. This will can be used to create a screen based virtual face for a robotic system with an inviting appearance to stimulate users to seek interaction with the robot.
Informationstechnische Systeme, die den Arbeitsablauf im klinischen Bereich unterstützen, sind aktuell auf organisatorische Abläufe beschränkt. Diese Arbeit stellt einen ersten Ansatz vor, wie solch ein System in den perioperativen Bereich eingebracht werden kann. Hierzu wurde eine Workflow Engine mit einer perioperativen Prozess-Visualisierung verknüpft. Das System wurde nach Modell-View-Controller-Prinzip implementiert. Als "Controller" kommt die Workflow Engine zum Einsatz; also "Modell" ein Prozessmodell, mit den erforderlichen klinischen Daten. Der "View" wurde durch eine abgekoppelte Anwendung realisiert, welche auf Web-Technologien basiert. Drei Visualisierungen, die Workflow Engine sowie die Anbindung beider über eine Datenbankschnittstelle, wurden erfolgreich umgesetzt. Bei den drei Visualisierungen wurden jeweils eine Ansicht für den OP-Koordinator, den Springer und eine Ansicht für die Übersicht einer OP erstellt.
Information systems, which support the workflow in the clinical area, are currently limited to organizational processes. This work shows a first approach of an information system supporting all actors in the perioperative area. The first prototype and proof of concept was a task manager, giving all actors information about their task and the task of all other actors during an intervention. Based on this initial task manager, we implemented an information system based on a workflow engine controlling all processes and all information necessary for the intervention. A second part was the development of a perioperative process visualization which was developed based on a user centered approach jointly with clinicians and OR members.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the importance of word-of-mouth for fashion companies and to answer the research questions if fashion companies should integrate their customers actively in their marketing communication and if so, how can they approach the conversion of their customers into promoters?
Findings: The integraton of the customer into the marketing mix is inevitable in today's marketplace. Customers are heavily influencing the fashion industry escpecially the transmission of trends. Thereof, a redefinition and proactive integration of the customer as promoter is necessary.
We investigated the influence of body shape and pose on the perception of physical strength and social power for male virtual characters. In the first experiment, participants judged the physical strength of varying body shapes, derived from a statistical 3D body model. Based on these ratings, we determined three body shapes (weak, average, and strong) and animated them with a set of power poses for the second experiment. Participants rated how strong or powerful they perceived virtual characters of varying body shapes that were displayed in different poses. Our results show that perception of physical strength was mainly driven by the shape of the body. However, the social attribute of power was influenced by an interaction between pose and shape. Specifically, the effect of pose on power ratings was greater for weak body shapes. These results demonstrate that a character with a weak shape can be perceived as more powerful when in a high-power pose.
Internet of things innovations and the industrial internet these days become more and more decisive factors of future success for companies. Especially manufacturing oriented SME will face the challenge to develop innovative technology driven business models alongside technology innovations in this field which will be essential for future competitiveness. Failing in developing these technology driven business models in an internationally highly competitive environment will have a serious impact both on companies and on the society. Hence, securing economic stability and success of these technology driven business models is an indispensable task. To identify challenges for innovative industrial internet business models first it is necessary to understand what the industrial internet means to the leading parties and applying companies and start-ups in the field. Second, challenges from general business model development will be outlined. In a third step risks and challenges in business model development will be discussed with regard to the special characteristics of technology driven business models in the context of the industrial internet and the important role of the technological key component of the business model. Especially the capability to deal with an integrated consideration of the indivisible linked dimensions of economic and technological aspects of these business models is questioned. In the fourth place the specific challenges for industrial internet business models are derived. On the basis of these results it is also discussed what might be done to handle these challenges successfully with the goal to turn them into chances. The need for future research on the integration of the risk management perspective into the development of these technology driven business models is derived. This will help established companies and start-ups to realize great technological innovations for the industrial internet in sound and successful innovative business models.
Two Stream Hypothesis: Adaptationseffekte bei sozialen Interaktionen mit Avataren in Virtual Reality
(2015)
In diesem Paper wird ein Experiment zur Two-Streams-Hypothese vorgestellt. Dabei werden zunächst die psychologischen und technischen Grundlagen erarbeitet, welche für das Experiment benötigt werden. Anschließend wird die Forschungsfrage definiert und der Versuchsaufbau erörtert. Im Experiment soll getestet werden, ob es unterschiedliche Adaptationseffekte bei der Erkennung und dem Ausführen von nicht-eindeutigen sozialen Handlungen gibt. Es wird ein Versuchsaufbau entwickelt, bei welchem Probanden entweder aktiv durch komplementäre Handlungen auf die Handlungen von virtuellen Avataren reagieren sollen oder passiv durch das Drücken von Buttons. Abschließend werden die Ergebnisse ausgewertet und ein Fazit
gezogen.
The EU funded project RobLog recently developed a system able to autonomously unload coffee sacks from a standard container. Being the first of its kind, a further development is needed in order for the system to be competitive against manual labor. Financing this development entails a risk, hence a justified skepticism, which can be overcome by the longsighted view of the existing market potential. This paper presents a method to estimate the market potential of autonomous unloading systems for heavy deformable goods. Starting from the analysis of the coffee trade, first the current coffee traffic is investigated in order to calculate the number of autonomous systems needed to handle the imported sacks; Results are validated and the method is extended for the calculation of the potential of other market segments, where the same unloading technology can be applied.
This paper presents a measurement setup and an assembly technique suitable for characterization of power semiconductor devices under very high temperature conditions exceeding 500°C. An important application of this is the experimental investigation of wide bandgap semiconductors. Measurement results are shown for a 1200V SiC MOSFET and a 650V depletion mode GaN HEMT.
In a globalized world the importance of a proper segmentation method for identifying target consumers has been increasing. Vast majority of the research in this area focuses on the usage or development of different techniques. Lifestyle is a good criterion for dividing people into groups which then can be better targeted. This article addresses the research question, which classical methods exist to segment markets with the aid of lifestyle. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate several instruments, such as A.I.O., Roper Consumer Styles, VALS-Method, the Sinus-Milieus, Sigma-Milieus, RISC-Method and Semiometrie but also Discriminant and Conjoint Analysis which proved of value in the past. Furthermore it deals with the benefits of this methods but weaknesses are also considered. Therefore several existing literature is examined, and information is collected by institutes providing the typologies. Obvious is, that new methods e.g. predictive analytics already play a major role in marketing, because it can be found much literature about it. In the literature research also appear research implications, because besides the provided information from institutes and journals, there is hardly no data to find if and how companies use the instruments. Furthermore, some important databases cannot be scanned because they are not accessible without paying.
Decentralisation and increasing energy efficiency are factors of success of the 'Energiewende'. Sensible interlinking of various energy markets will support and speed up the energy system transformation process. This concept study looks at and discusses an innovative approach to integrate power, heat and the mobility market using hybrid vehicles. Automobile electrification is steadily rising and goes hand-in-hand with qualitative (larger energy storage options) and quantitative storage capacity (much more hybrid vehicles). Further utilisation options of electrical storage units in e-vehicles for intermediate storage to compensate volatile renewable energy sources are being discussed and tested. The innovative approach of integrating future full-hybrid vehicles with the principle of 'combined heat and power' to supply energy to buildings is not being pursued in depth, or even at all. In this approach both the electrical and also the thermal energy produced would be used as supply sources for the building.
Automated stabilization of loading capacity of coal shearer screw with controlled cutting drive
(2015)
A solution of topical scientific problem of coal shearer output increase providing minimum specific power supply for coal cutting, transportation, and loading in terms of thin seams has been proposed. The solution is based on the use of earlier proposed criterion of screw gumming for optimum cutting velocity-coal shearer feed rate ratio in the context of increased screw rotation owing to phase voltage frequency increase. Simulation results of automated control system for coal shearer operations with frequency-controlled cutting drive within thin seams have confirmed the efficiency of the system using proposed algorithm of smart analysis of coal shearer power signal.
In academia and industry learning factories are established as close-to-reality learning environments for education and training in the manufacturing domain. Although the approach and concept of existing learning factories is often similar, orientation and design of individual facilities are diverse. So far, there is no structured framework to describe learning factory approaches. In the paper a multidimensional description model is presented in form of a morphology which can be used as a starting point for the structuring and classification of existing learning factory application scenarios as well as a support for the development and improvement of learning factory approaches.
Bodenbeläge aus Feinsteinzeug und Naturstein werden poliert und zur Gewährleistung ausreichender Rutschfestigkeit im Innenbereich (Bewertungsgruppe der Rutschsicherheit R9 und R10) werden durch Laserbehandlung mikroskopischen Vertiefungen erzeugt. In Laborversuchen wurden bei einigen Materialien deutliche Vorteile bzgl. des Anschmutzverhaltens und Reinigung festgestellt. Es sollte untersucht werden, inwieweit dadurch in der Praxis tatsächlich eine Reduktion des Reinigungsaufwandes und der damit verbundenen Umweltbelastung möglich ist, im Gegensatz zu anderen Oberflächenbearbeitungen, die die Bewertungsgruppe "R9" erzielen. Die Oberflächenbehandlung und die damit verbundene Reinigung sollten optimiert werden hinsichtlich minimalem Aufwand und minimalem Einsatz von Reinigungsmittel für Unterhaltsreinigung und der dazugehörigen Grundreinigungs- und Zwischenreinigungsfrequenz. Ziel war eine Reduktion um bis zum Faktor 2. Dazu sollten für verschiedene typische und weit gebräuchliche Bodenplatten aus Feinsteinzeug und Naturstein Abstand und Größe der Vertiefungen optimiert und kontrolliert werden. Die Dosierungen der Reinigungsmittel sollten, ausgehend von der derzeitigen Herstellervorgabe, reduziert werden. Die Abstände zwischen den Grundreinigungen, die mit einer starken Umweltbelastung verbunden sind, sollten vergrößert werden. Begleitend sollte eine Methode für die Vorhersage und Messung der Verschmutzung entwickelt werden. Diese wird in der Entwicklung benutzt und soll nach dem Projekt für die Optimierungen an anderen Materialien, z. B. PVC oder Polyolefinböden nutzbar sein und auch als Vorarbeit für eine Zertifizierung der Böden nach LEED dienen. Bislang gab es zwar Hinweise für die Vorteile bzgl. Reinigung, die aber weder optimiert noch belegbar waren. Deshalb hatte sich dieses Verfahren noch nicht durchgesetzt. Der Marktanteil liegt bei Naturstein < 10%, im Bereich Feinsteinzeug weit niedriger.
Sunlight has various effects on human health. Several important metabolic processes are only enabled by sunlight. But longtime sun bathing and extended outdoor activities can cause skin irritation, inflammation or even skin cancer due to high radiation dose. We developed in vitro skin models of different complexity to investigate UV-light associated skin damage. Substances and their phototoxic, sun protective or photo-sensitizing potential can be analyzed to prevent white skin cancer.
Es ist landläufig bekannt, dass die Stromerzeugung zukünftig auf der Basis erneuerbarer Energien, und damit vornehmlich durch Solar- und Windkraftanlagen, erfolgen soll. Dieses unter dem Stichwort „Energiewende“ formulierte Ziel ist allgemein akzeptiert, und es existieren mittlerweile verschiedene Szenarien, die den Zeitplan dafür vorgeben.
Für Baden-Württemberg hat das Umweltministerium die Strategie „50-80-90“ ausgearbeitet: Danach sollen bis zum Jahr 2050 der Energieverbrauch um 50% reduziert, 80% der benötigten Energie aus erneuerbaren Energien erzeugt und 90% der Treibhausgasemissionen eingespart werden.
Die zunehmende erneuerbare Stromerzeugung erfordert Anstrengungen, um den Angebotsschwankungen und der Verteilungsproblematik entgegen zu wirken. Eine dezentrale und am Bedarf orientierte Stromerzeugung mittels Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung (KWK) kann einen wesentlichen Beitrag leisten, um diese Schwankungen auszugleichen und die Netze zu entlasten. Zu diesem Zweck ist aber ein Steuerungssystem für die KWK-Anlagen erforderlich, das sowohl für die Deckung des Wärmebedarfs im Objekt sorgt, als auch gewährleistet, dass die elektrische Energie genau zu den Zeiten erzeugt wird, zu denen sie im Objekt benötigt wird. Die Entkopplung von Stromerzeugung und Deckung des Wärmebedarfs kann dabei über den standardmäßig vorhandenen Wärmespeicher erfolgen. Dieser stellt damit das zentrale Element der Gesamtanlage dar, für die das Steuerungssystem zur Eigenstromoptimierung im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens entwickelt und erprobt werden soll.
Im Rahmen des vorliegenden Zwischenberichtes werden die Ergebnisse des 2. des auf insgesamt drei Jahre angelegten Forschungsprojektes vorgestellt. Im Einzelnen sind die Themen Prognose, Bestimmung des Energieinhaltes im Wärmespeicher, stromoptimiertes Steuerungssystem, Aufbau der Feldtestanlagen, Simulation und sozialwissenschaftliche Begleitforschung beschrieben.
Bei den umfangreichen Arbeiten zur Wärme- und Strombedarfsprognose hat sich gezeigt, dass die naive Prognose, die auf der Übernahme der Daten der Vortage beruht, aufgrund des starken Einflusses des individuellen Nutzerverhaltens eine nur schwer zu verbessernde Vorhersagegüte aufweist. Zur Bestimmung des Energieinhaltes im Wärmespeicher wird eine Sigmoidfunktion zur Beschreibung des Temperaturverlaufs über der Speicherhöhe verwendet. Schwierig ist dabei die Anpassung der vier Funktionsparameter mit nur drei Temperaturmesswerten, was jedoch durch geeignete Randbedingungen erreicht werden kann. Das stromoptimierte Steuerungssystem verwendet die Wärmebedarfskurven bei minimalem und maximalem Energieinhalt des Wärmespeichers als Begrenzungen des Optimierungsbereiches, um so die Deckung des Wärmebedarfs zu jeder Zeit zu gewährleisten. Die zwei im Projekt zur Verfügung stehenden Feldtestanlagen wurden mit zusätzlicher Mess- und Steuerungstechnik nachgerüstet, um das entwickelte Steuerungssystem implementieren und testen zu können. Das Simulationsmodell ist im Hinblick auf verschiedene Speicherkonfigurationen erweitert und auf Basis am BHKW-Prüfstand der Hochschule gewonnener Versuchsdaten verifiziert worden, und im Zuge der sozialwissenschaftlichen Begleitforschung werden die Ergebnisse einer im Rahmen des Projektes angefertigten Studie zu den Hemmnissen der KWK vorgestellt.
The paper illustrates the status quo of a research project for the development of a control system enabling CHP units for a demand-oriented electricity production by an intelligent management of the heat storage tank. Thereby the focus of the project is twofold. One is the compensation of the fluctuating power production by the renewable energies solar and wind. Secondly, a reduction of the load on the power grid is intended by better matching local electricity demand and production.
In detail, the general control strategy is outlined, the method utilized for forecasting heat and electricity demand is illustrated as well as a correlation method for the temperature distribution in the heat storage tank based on a Sigmoid function is proposed. Moreover, the simulation model for verification and optimization of the control system and the two field test sites for implementing and testing the system are introduced.
- Verschiebung des KWK-Betriebs in die Phasen mit hohem Stromverbrauch
- Wärme- und Stromlastprognose
- Bestimmung des Wärmeinhaltes im Pufferspeicher
- Erstellung eines optimierten Fahrplans für das KWK-Gerät
- Ergebnisse von praktischen Anlagen im Feldtest
- Simulation der Temperaturen im Pufferspeicher im praktischen Betrieb von KWK-Anlagen
For years, agile methods are considered the most promising route toward successful software development, and a considerable number of published studies the (successful) use of agile methods and reports on the benefits companies have from adopting agile methods. Yet, since the world is not black or white, the question for what happened to the traditional models arises. Are traditional models replaced by agile methods? How is the transformation toward Agile managed, and, moreover, where did it start? With this paper we close a gap in literature by studying the general process use over time to investigate how traditional and agile methods are used. Is there coexistence or do agile methods accelerate the traditional processes’ extinction? The findings of our literature study comprise two major results: First, studies and reliable numbers on the general process model use are rare, i.e., we lack quantitative data on the actual process use and, thus, we often lack the ability to ground process-related research in practically relevant issues. Second, despite the assumed dominance of agile methods, our results clearly show that companies enact context-specific hybrid solutions in which traditional and agile development approaches are used in combination.
This paper evaluates experimentally the susceptibility of IT-networks under influences and the threats of HPEM (High Power Electromagnetic) and IEMI (Intentional Electromagnetic Interferences). As HPEM source a PBG 5 (Pulse Burst Generator) adapted to a TEM (Transversal Electromagnetic) Horn type antenna and a 90 cm IRA (Impulse Radiating Antenna) type antenna is used. Different network cable types and categories with different lengths are used. The immunity of the IT network is examined and the breakdown failure rate of the system is defined for a PRF (Pulse Repetition Frequency) of 500 s-1 in duration of 10 seconds. Series of measurements were carried out and disturbances of keyboards, mouse, switches, distortions on monitors and failures of the IT network and, even crash of PCs were observed. It is shown amongst other that by increasing the pulse repetition rate or frequency, generic test IT-networks are more susceptible to interference. Obtained results provide another view of the susceptibility analysis of modern generic IT-networks against UWB-Threats.
The possibility to bring the interference source, close to the potential target is characterized by the property of the source as stationary, portable, mobile, very mobile and highly mobile [3]. Starting from the existing and well-known IEME interference or IEMI (Intentional Electromagnetic Interference) and the already existing classifications an analysis of methods based on a comparative study of the methods used to classify the intentional EM environment is carried out, which takes into account the frequency, the cost, the amplitude of the noise signal, the radiated power and the energy of a pulse of radiation.
Das Essential beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, in welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß das interne Berichtswesen beabsichtigte und unbeabsichtigte Verhaltenswirkungen bei den Beteiligten auslöst und umgekehrt selbst durch nicht intendiertes Verhalten von Beteiligten in seinen Wirkungen beeinflusst wird. Der Ansatz des „Behavioral Accounting“ wird dabei auf die spezifische Controllingaufgabe des internen Berichtswesens angewendet. Andreas Taschner erläutert, wie Berichte bei Berücksichtigung ihrer direkten und indirekten Wirkungen auf das Verhalten einzelner Betroffener zu einem wirkungsvollen Instrument der Unternehmenssteuerung werden.
Management Reporting – also das an die Führungskräfte des eigenen Unternehmens gerichtete Berichtswesen – zählt zu den Kernaufgaben des Controllings. Management Reporting befasst sich mit der Sammlung, Aufbereitung und nutzeradäquaten Darstellung von führungsrelevanter Information. Dabei sieht sich der Controller einer stetig
wachsenden Komplexität gegenüber.
Entrepreneurs and small and medium enterprises usually have issues on developing new prototypes, new ideas or testing new techniques. In order to help them, in the last years, academic Software Factories, a new concept of collaboration between universities and companies have been developed. Software Factories provide a unique environment for students and companies. Students benefit from the possibility of working in a real work environment learning how to apply the state of the art of the existing techniques and showing their skills to entrepreneurs. Companies benefit from the risk-free environment where they can develop new ideas, in a protected environment. Universities finally benefit from this setup as a perfect environment for empirical studies in industrial-like environment. In this paper, we present the network of academic Software Factories in Europe, showing how companies had already benefit from existing Software Factories and reporting success stories. The results of this paper can increase the network of the factories and help other universities and companies to setup similar environment to boost the local economy.
Thin radio-frequency magnetron sputter deposited nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) films were prepared on the surface of a Fe-tricalcium phosphate (Fe-TCP) bioceramic composite, which was obtained using a conventional powder injection moulding technique. The obtained nano-hydroxyapatite coated Fe-TCP biocomposites (nano HA-Fe-TCP) were studied with respect to their chemical and phase composition, surface morphology, water contact angle, surface free energy and hysteresis. The deposition process resulted in a homogeneous, single-phase HA coating. The ability of the surface to support adhesion and the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was studied using biological short-term tests in vitro. The surface of the uncoated Fe-TCP bioceramic composite showed an initial cell attachment after 24 h of seeding, but adhesion, proliferation and growth did not persist during 14 days of culture.However, the HA-Fe-TCP surfaces allowed cell adhesion, and proliferation during 14 days. The deposition of the nano-HA films on the Fe-TCP surface resulted in higher surface energy, improved hydrophilicity and biocompatibility compared with the surface of the uncoated Fe-TCP. Furthermore, it is suggested that an increase in the polar component of the surface energy was responsible for the enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation in the case of the nano-HA Fe-TCP biocomposites.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the communication of sustainability of fashion retailers via their websites with a focus on the involvement of the consumer and the varying communication processes, based on the sender-receiver model. For the empirical study, 10 fashion retailers were analyzed in terms of their communication of sustainability via their websites, with a focus on the consumer involvement. The results of empirical study were applied to the theoretical communication process model and illustrate the varying communication processes among the ten fashion retailers. The communication of sustainability via the Fashion retailer´s websites varied strongly. Only one fashion retailer communicated environmental- and social as well as all consumer-related aspects. As a result, the loop of the communication process has only been closed for one fashion retailer. Accordingly, these findings confirm that there is a need for fashion retailers to inform consumers in a holistic way about sustainability, especially in terms of sustainable fashion consumption when communicating sustainability via websites.
Impact of brand and country image on the perception of sustainability in the fashion business
(2015)
The fashion and textile industry is presently confronted to participate in the sustainability movement and society demands corporate social responsibility. Today, it is crucial for fashion companies to be able to measure, monitor and improve environmental and social performance, due to the fact that there is a heightened awareness of sustainable practices by stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to investigate fashion consumers on their sustainable perception of a fashion company. More specifically, the objective of this study is to highlight the fashion consumer`s awareness in regards to the sustainable practices of a fashion company by considering the brand and country image factors. An experimental research design was utilized for the study and the researcher surveyed 120 fashion students. The basis of the surveys within the experiment is the present sustainable practice of the fashion brand H&M. This research aims to understand, if and how fashion consumers are influenced by a fashion brand image or its souring practices, when it comes to evaluate the sustainable performance of a fashion company. Results show that participants have significantly different perceptions when considering the fashion brand image of H&M on the one hand and the sourcing countries of H&M on the other. The result of this research provides useful information about the actual state of affairs in sustainable knowledge of the consumer and the related power of a brand's image and its sourcing strategies.
Due to the increasing awareness of social and environmental issues of the consumer, sustainability has become significantly important in the fashion businesses. Therefore, developing a sustainable supply chain is crucial for fashion companies to meet consumer´s consciousness. According to Bin Shen (2014), the Fast Fashion Retailer H&M is more likely to select suppliers in countries with a low score on the human wellbeing factor of the Sustainable Society Index (SSI). This paper extends the findings of Bin Shen (2014) and investigates fashion firms of different segments on their scoring at the 8 underlying categories of the SSI. This approach let the researcher assume that fashion firms of different segments which are active in sustainability are selecting their suppliers in countries with a low degree on the 8 categories of the SSI. Consequently, by utilising the SSI as a tool, the findings of this paper will be helpful to profile and compare Fashion companies of different segments in their supplier selection in regards to sustainability.
To prevent high buildings in endangered zones suffering from seismic attack, TMD are applied successfully. In many applications the dampers are placed along the height of the edifice to reduce the damage during the earthquake. The dimensioning of TMD is a multidimensional optimisation problem with many local maxima. To find the absolute best or a very good design, advanced optimisation strategies have to be applied. Bionic optimization proposes different methods to deal with such tasks but requires many repeated studies of the buildings and dampers design. To improve the speed of the analysis, the authors propose a reduced model of the building including the dampers. A series of consecutive generations shows a growing capacity to reduce the impact of an earthquake on the building. The proposals found help to dimension the dampers. A detailed analysis of the building under earthquake loading may yield an efficient design.
In recent years, the rise of social media received significant importance in marketing research and practice. Consequently, interfaces to social media platforms have also been integrated into Business-to-Business (B2B) salesforce applications, although very little is as yet known about their usage and general impact on B2B sales performance. This paper evaluates 1) the conceptualization of social media usage in dyadic B2B relationships; 2) the effects of a more differentiated usage construct on customer satisfaction; 3) antecedents of social media usage on multiple levels; and 4) the effectiveness of social media usage for different types of cus-tomers. The framework presented here is tested cross-industry against data collected from dyadic buyer-seller relationships in the IT service industry. The results elucidate the precondi-tions and the impact of social media usage strategies in B2B sales relations.
Im Beitrag "Spektrum Migration" plädieren die beiden Autor/innen für eine Sicht auf Migration, die Mobilität und Präsenz in Beziehung zueinander setzt und als einen kulturellen Prozess versteht, in welchem Eigen und Fremd, Zugehörigkeit und Ausschluss, Identität und Ethnizität verhandelt werden. Vor dem Hintergrund des Empirischen Kulturwissenschaft mit ihrem Verständnis von Kultur und Alltag und ihrer Perspektive auf gesellschaftliche Ordnungen und Prozesse stellen Klückmann und Sparacio die Bedeutung von Beziehungen und besonders Kontexten, in die Migration und ihre Folgen eingebettet sind, heraus. Sie gehen davon aus, dass es die eine Migration nicht gibt, und plädieren daher für eine Konzeption von Migration am jeweiligen zu untersuchenden Gegenstand.