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Die Erwartungen an Management Reporting sind hoch. Es soll immer effizienter und effektiver werden, dabei zugleich stark wachsende Datenmengen und neue komplexe Strukturen berücksichtigen. Unternehmen können auf diese Veränderungen mit unterschiedlichen Strategien reagieren. Drei Szenarien zeigen, wie das Management Reporting der Zukunft aussehen kann.
Whither the german council of economic experts? The past and future of public economic advice
(2014)
The article discusses the development and impact of the German Council of Economic Experts (GCEE). Firstly, the author studies the historical origins and the institutional setup of the GCEE. In the second step, an analyse of the impact of the annual reports of the German Council is given, along with the international comparison with other advisory boards. Finally, the paper discusses the current economic challenges and the need of modernization of the GCEE in special and political advisory boards in general.
This paper develops a new governance scheme for a stable and lasting European Monetary Union (EMU). I demonstrate that existing economic governance is based on flawed incentives especially due to insufficient macroeconomic coordination, failures of institutional enforcement and animal spirit in financial markets. All this caused the European sovereign debt crisis in 2010. Consequently, the EMU crisis is not a conundrum at all rather a failure of national and supranational governance. To tackle this problem, I propose a return to flexible but compulsory rules driven by market forces. The new governance principles shall promote the compliance and effective enforcement of rules.
In breath analysis, ambient air contaminations are ubiquitous and difficult to eliminate. This study was designed to investigate the reduction of ambient air background by a lung wash-out with synthetic air. The reduction of the initial ambient air volatile organic compound (VOC) intensity was investigated in the breath of 20 volunteers inhaling synthetic air via a sealed full face mask in comparison to inhaling ambient air. Over a period of 30 minutes, breath analysis was conducted using ion mobility spectrometry coupled to a multi-capillary column. A total of 68 VOCs were identified for inhaling ambient air or inhaling synthetic air. By treatment with synthetic air, 39 VOCs decreased in intensity, whereas 29 increased in comparison to inhaling ambient air. In total, seven VOCs were significantly reduced (P-value < 0.05). A complete wash-out of VOCs in this setting was not observed, whereby a statistically significant reduction up to 65% as for terpinolene was achieved. Our setting successfully demonstrated a reduction of ambient air contaminations from the airways by a lung wash-out with synthetic air.
Prominent theories of action recognition suggest that during the recognition of actions the physical patterns of the action is associated with only one action interpretation (e.g., a person waving his arm is recognized as waving). In contrast to this view, studies examining the visual categorization of objects show that objects are recognized in multiple ways (e.g., a VW Beetle can be recognized as a car or a beetle) and that categorization performance is based on the visual and motor movement similarity between objects. Here, we studied whether we find evidence for multiple levels of categorization for social interactions (physical interactions with another person, e.g., handshakes). To do so, we compared visual categorization of objects and social interactions (Experiments 1 and 2) in a grouping task and assessed the usefulness of motor and visual cues (Experiments 3, 4, and 5) for object and social interaction categorization. Additionally, we measured recognition performance associated with recognizing objects and social interactions at different categorization levels (Experiment 6). We found that basic level object categories were associated with a clear recognition advantage compared to subordinate recognition but basic level social interaction categories provided only a little recognition advantage. Moreover, basic level object categories were more strongly associated with similar visual and motor cues than basic level social interaction categories. The results suggest that cognitive categories underlying the recognition of objects and social interactions are associated with different performances. These results are in line with the idea that the same action can be associated with several action interpretations (e.g., a person waving his arm can be recognized as waving or greeting).
Schnittschutzhosen stellen ein wesentliches Element der persönlichen Schutzausrüstung des Forstwirts dar, da sie schwerwiegende Verletzungen bei der Motorsägenarbeit verhindern können. Dies setzt aber eine entsprechende Pflege voraus. Welche Veränderungen die Fasern der Schnittschutzeinlage durch Waschvorgänge erfahren und welche Auswirkungen sich dadurch auf die Schnittsicherheit ergeben, wurde im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes untersucht
Vehicles have been so far improved in terms of energy-efficiency and safety mainly by optimising the engine and the power train. However, there are opportunities to increase energy-efficiency and safety by adapting the individual driving behaviour in the given driving situation. In this paper, an improved rule match algorithm is introduced, which is used in the expert system of a human-centred driving system. The goal of the driving system is to optimise the driving behaviour in terms of energy-efficiency and safety by giving recommendations to the driver. The improved rule match algorithm checks the incoming information against the driving rules to recognise any breakings of a driving rule. The needed information is obtained by monitoring the driver, the current driving situation as well as the car, using in-vehicle sensors and serial-bus systems. On the basis of the detected broken driving rules, the expert system will create individual recommendations in terms of energy-efficiency and safety, which will allow eliminating bad driving habits, while considering the driver needs.
Unraveling the double-edged sword : effects of cultural diversity on creativity and innovativeness
(2014)
Cultural diversity is considered a “double-edged sword” (Kravitz, 2005) as research on its effects on teams’ performance regularly delivers inconsistent and contradictory results. This paper makes an attempt to unravel the double-edged sword by discerning different forms of cultural diversity: separation and variety (Harrison & Klein, 2007). Based on a review of the literature, a conceptual model is developed hypothesizing that cultural variety yields positive, while cultural separation yields negative effects on team creativity and innovativeness. In addition the effects of national diversity are contrasted to proof whether national diversity can serve as a proxy for cultural diversity as is often practiced. The model is tested on a sample of 113 student teams of Entrepreneurship modules at 4 European universities. Cultural diversity is measured directly on the basis of individual team members’ cultural value orientations by means of the CPQ4 (Maznevski, DiStefano, Gomez, Noorderhaven & Wu, 2002). Data is analyzed using the PLS structural equation modeling technique. The results confirm the hypothesized impacts of cultural variety and separation on creativity but do not deliver evidence for impacts on innovativeness. Same is true for national diversity. Interestingly, national diversity does not show any relation to neither form of cultural diversity.
Online measurement of drug concentrations in patient's breath is a promising approach for individualized dosage. A direct transfer from breath- to blood-concentrations is not possible. Measured exhaled concentrations are following the blood-concentration with a delay in non-steady-state situations. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the breath-concentration into a pharmacological model. Two different approaches for pharmacokinetic modelling are presented. Usually a 3-compartment model is used for pharmacokinetic calculations of blood concentrations. This 3-compartment model is extended with a 2-compartment model based on the first compartment of the 3-compartment model and a new lung compartment. The second approach is to calculate a time delay of changes in the concentration of the first compartment to describe the lung-concentration. Exemplarily both approaches are used for modelling of exhaled propofol. Based on time series of exhaled propofol measurements using an ion-mobility-spectrometer every minute for 346 min a correlation of calculated plasma and the breath concentration was used for modelling to deliver R2 = 0.99 interdependencies. Including the time delay modelling approach the new compartment coefficient ke0lung was calculated to ke0lung = 0.27 min−1 with R2 = 0.96. The described models are not limited to propofol. They could be used for any kind of drugs, which are measurable in patient's breath.
Ethylene terephthalate and ethylene naphthalate oligomers of defined degree of polymerization were synthesized via chemical recycling of the parent polymers. The oligomers were used as defined building blocks for the preparation of novel block-co-polyesters having tailored sequence compositions. The sequence lengths were systematically varied using Design of Experiments. The dispersive surface energy and the specific desorption energy of the co-polymers were determined by inverse gas chromatography. The study shows that polyethylene terephthalate-polyethylene naphthalate (PET-PEN) block-co-polyesters of defined sequence lengths can be prepared. Furthermore, the specific and dispersive surface energies of the obtained block-co-polyesters showed a linear dependence on the oligomer molecular weight and it was possible to regulate and control their interfacial properties. In contrast, with the corresponding random-block-co-polyesters no such dependence was found. The synthesized block-co-polyesters could be used as polymeric modifying agents for stabilizing PET-PEN polymer blends.