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Nowadays, the importance of early active patient mobilization in the recovery and rehabilitation phase has increased significantly. One way to involve patients in the treatment is a gamification-like approach, which is one of the methods of motivation in various life processes. This article shows a system prototype for patients who require physical activity because of active early mobilization after medical interventions or during illness. Bedridden patients and people with a sedentary lifestyle (predominantly lying in bed) are also potential users. The main idea for the concept was non-contact system implementation for the patients making them feel effortless during its usage. The system consists of three related parts: hardware, software, and game application. To test the relevance and coherence of the system, it was used by 35 people. The participants were asked to play a video game requiring them to make body movements while lying down. Then they were asked to take part in a small survey to evaluate the system's usability. As a result, we offer a prototype consisting of hardware and software parts that can increase and diversify physical activity during active early mobilization of patients and prevent the occurrence of possible health problems due to predominantly low activity. The proposed design can be possibly implemented in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and even at home.
Monitoring heart rate and breathing is essential in understanding the physiological processes for sleep analysis. Polysomnography (PSG) system have traditionally been used for sleep monitoring, but alternative methods can help to make sleep monitoring more portable in someone's home. This study conducted a series of experiments to investigate the use of pressure sensors placed under the bed as an alternative to PSG for monitoring heart rate and breathing during sleep. The following sets of experiments involved the addition of small rubber domes - transparent and black - that were glued to the pressure sensor. The resulting data were compared with the PSG system to determine the accuracy of the pressure sensor readings. The study found that the pressure sensor provided reliable data for extracting heart rate and respiration rate, with mean absolute errors (MAE) of 2.32 and 3.24 for respiration and heart rate, respectively. However, the addition of small rubber hemispheres did not significantly improve the accuracy of the readings, with MAEs of 2.3 bpm and 7.56 breaths per minute for respiration rate and heart rate, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that pressure sensors placed under the bed may serve as a viable alternative to traditional PSG systems for monitoring heart rate and breathing during sleep. These sensors provide a more comfortable and non-invasive method of sleep monitoring. However, the addition of small rubber domes did not significantly enhance the accuracy of the readings, indicating that it may not be a worthwhile addition to the pressure sensor system.
Sleep analysis using a Polysomnography system is difficult and expensive. That is why we suggest a non-invasive and unobtrusive measurement. Very few people want the cables or devices attached to their bodies during sleep. The proposed approach is to implement a monitoring system, so the subject is not bothered. As a result, the idea is a non-invasive monitoring system based on detecting pressure distribution. This system should be able to measure the pressure differences that occur during a single heartbeat and during breathing through the mattress. The system consists of two blocks signal acquisition and signal processing. This whole technology should be economical to be affordable enough for every user. As a result, preprocessed data is obtained for further detailed analysis using different filters for heartbeat and respiration detection. In the initial stage of filtration, Butterworth filters are used.
We report the temperature dependence of metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) of individual photosystem I (PSI) complexes from Thermosynechococcus elongatus (T. elongatus) coupled to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). A strong temperature dependence of shape and intensity of the emission spectra is observed when PSI is coupled to AuNPs. For each temperature, the enhancement factor (EF) is calculated by comparing the intensity of individual AuNP-coupled PSI to the mean intensity of ‘uncoupled’ PSI. At cryogenic temperature (1.6 K) the average EF was 4.3-fold. Upon increasing the temperature to 250 K the EF increases to 84-fold. Single complexes show even higher EFs up to 441.0-fold. At increasing temperatures the different spectral pools of PSI from T. elongatus become distinguishable. These pools are affected differently by the plasmonic interactions and show different enhancements. The remarkable increase of the EFs is explained by a rate model including the temperature dependence of the fluorescence yield of PSI and the spectral overlap between absorption and emission spectra of AuNPs and PSI, respectively.
Cyber-Physical Production Systems increasingly use semantic information to meet the grown flexibility requirements. Ontologies are often used to represent and use this semantic information. Existing systems focus on mapping knowledge and less on the exchange with other relevant IT systems (e.g., ERP systems) in which crucial semantic information, often implicit, is contained. This article presents an approach that enables the exchange of semantic information via adapters. The approach is demonstrated by a use case utilizing an MES system and an ERP system.
Thermoplastic polycarbonate urethane elastomers (TPCU) are potential implant materials for treating degenerative joint diseases thanks to their adjustable rubber-like properties, their toughness, and their durability. We developed a water-containing high-molecular-weight sulfated hyaluronic acid-coating to improve the interaction of TPCU with the synovial fluid. It is suggested that trapped synovial fluid can act as a lubricant that reduces the friction forces and thus provides an enhanced abrasion resistance of TPCU implants. Aims of this work were (i) the development of a coating method for novel soft TPCU with high-molecular sulfated hyaluronic acid to increase the biocompatibility and (ii) the in vitro validation of the functionalized TPCUs in cell culture experiments.
Knee osteoarthritis is a common complication and can lead to total loss of joint function in patients. Treatment by either partial or total knee replacement with appropriate UHMWPE based implantsis highly invasive, may cause complications and may show unsatisfying results. Alternatively, treatment may be done by insertion of an elastic interpositional knee spacer with optimized material characteristics.
We report the development of high performance polyurethane-based polymers modified with bioactive molecules for fabrication of such knee spacers. In order to tailor mechanical and tribological properties and to improve resist to enzymatic degradation we propose a core-shell model for the spacer with specifically adapted properties.
Polyurethane-bases block copolymers (TPCUs) are block-copolymers with systematically varied soft and hard segments. They have been suggested to serve as material for chondral implants in joint regeneration. Such applications may require the adhesion of chondrocytes to the implant surface, facilitating cell growth while keeping their phenotype. Thus, aims of this work were (1) to modify the surface of soft biostable polyurethane-based model implants (TPCU and TSiPCU) with high-molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) using an optimized multistep strategy of immobilization, and (2) to evaluate bioactivity of the modified TPCUs in vitro. Our results show no cytotoxic potential of the TPCUs. HAbioactive molecules (Mw =700kDa) were immobilized onto the polyurethane surface via polyethylenimine (PEI) spacers, and modifications were confirmed by several characterization methods. Tests with porcine chondrocytes indicated the potential of the TPCU-HA for inducing enhanced cell proliferation.
Die Kompetenzentwicklung in virtuellen, internationalen Teams ist eine zentrale Herausforderung für alle international agierenden Unternehmen, denn Studien zufolge hängt der Unternehmenserfolg auf den internationalen Märkten stark von der Kompetenz der Mitarbeiter ab. Der Aufbau der Kompetenzen zum Management virtueller, internationaler Teams muss im Zusammenhang immer komplexer werdender Geschäftsmodelle betrachtet werden. Diese Geschäftsmodelle erfordern eine umfangreiche Interaktion von Mitarbeitern in globalen Teams. Die Mitarbeiter stehen darin vor der Herausforderung, verschiedene Aspekte der Zusammenarbeit in unterschiedlichen Dimensionen zu beherrschen, die sich aus dem Arbeitsumfeld ergeben.
Da der Erfolg virtueller, internationaler Teams sowohl von den Kompetenzen jedes einzelnen Teammitglieds als auch der teaminternen Kooperationskompetenz abhängt, ist es wichtig, die erforderlichen Kompetenzen zu analysieren, die vorhandene Kompetenzen zu bewerten und entsprechend der Anforderungen weiterzuentwickeln.
In den Buchbeiträgen werden Vorgehensmodelle für die Kompetenzentwicklung in virtuellen, internationalen Teams für die Kompetenzfelder Interkulturelles Management, Methodikkompetenz und Führungskompetenz vorgestellt und die Inhalte der Kompetenzfelder im Detail diskutiert.
Fähigkeits- und Reifegradmodelle (Capability Maturity Models CMM) bilden die wesentlichen Elemente effizienter Prozesse ab und helfen, diese so zu organisieren und auszuführen, dass eine hohe Wertigkeit des Prozesses bzw. des Produktes bzgl. Zeit-, Kosten- und Qualitätsgesichtspunkten entsteht. Es gibt zwar inzwischen sehr viele Reifegradmodelle am Markt, die von Institutionen und Beratungsfirmen entwickelt wurden, allerdings keines, das sich mit dem Management virtueller, internationaler Teams im Speziellen befasst.
Basierend auf der Reifegradmodellstruktur nach CMMI werden in den Buchbeiträgen Reifegradmodelle für die Bewertung virtueller, internationaler Teams vorgestellt. Neben der Reifegradstruktur werden insbesondere die Inhalte zur Bewertung der Reifegradstufen für verschiedene Schwerpunkte im Detail über mehre Gliederungsebenen heruntergebrochen, so dass ein sehr umfassendes Reifegradbewertungsschema vorliegt. Die Schwerpunktthemen sind Fachkompetenz, interkulturelle Kompetenz, Teambesprechungen, Führungseffektivität und -effizienz sowie der Einsatz von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT).