Open Access

Ilia Petrov, Andreas Koch, Tobias VinçonORCiD, Sergej Hardock, Christian Riegger

• A transaction is a demarcated sequence of application operations, for which the following properties are guaranteed by the underlying transaction processing system (TPS): atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID). Transactions are therefore a general abstraction, provided by TPS that simplifies application development by relieving transactional applications from the burden of concurrency and failure handling. Apart from the ACID properties, a TPS must guarantee high and robust performance (high transactional throughput and low response times), high reliability (no data loss, ability to recover last consistent state, fault tolerance), and high availability (infrequent outages, short recovery times). The architectures and workhorse algorithms of a high-performance TPS are built around the properties of the underlying hardware. The introduction of nonvolatile memories (NVM) as novel storage technology opens an entire new problem space, with the need to revise aspects such as the virtual memory hierarchy, storage management and data placement, access paths, and indexing. NVM are also referred to as storage-class memory (SCM).