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Informationstechnische Systeme, die den Arbeitsablauf im klinischen Bereich unterstützen, sind aktuell auf organisatorische Abläufe beschränkt. Diese Arbeit stellt einen ersten Ansatz vor, wie solch ein System in den perioperativen Bereich eingebracht werden kann. Hierzu wurde eine Workflow Engine mit einer perioperativen Prozess-Visualisierung verknüpft. Das System wurde nach Modell-View-Controller-Prinzip implementiert. Als "Controller" kommt die Workflow Engine zum Einsatz; also "Modell" ein Prozessmodell, mit den erforderlichen klinischen Daten. Der "View" wurde durch eine abgekoppelte Anwendung realisiert, welche auf Web-Technologien basiert. Drei Visualisierungen, die Workflow Engine sowie die Anbindung beider über eine Datenbankschnittstelle, wurden erfolgreich umgesetzt. Bei den drei Visualisierungen wurden jeweils eine Ansicht für den OP-Koordinator, den Springer und eine Ansicht für die Übersicht einer OP erstellt.
Management nowadays is confronted by a variety of information originating from either internal or external sources. Thereby, the difficulty to focus on the relevant and company critical keyfigures information increases. In practice, information management is often a major weakness of efficient corporate management. That weakness is caused by the lack of a centralized, categorized and summarized presentation and analysis of strategy and decision-relevant information. Management cockpits, a kind of information center for managers, are an approach to meet the challenges of information management. They are a specific work environment for decision makers to get a quick and simple overview of the company’s economic situation. In the most completely equipped premises, the entire process is supported - from acquiring information, to analysis, decision-making, and communication. Use of management cockpits, a cross-functional, KPI-based and strategyoriented controlling and management process, can be successfully established in companies as well as the work of interdisciplinary management teams, which are supported. In order to provide these possibilities, the management cockpit is equipped with a range of functionalities that allow the structuring, categorization and management-adequate visualization of information along with extensive analysis and simulation options. Management cockpits, as a communication and collaboration platform, are a starting point and valuable process companion on the way to holistic and sustainable performance management.
War Anfang des Jahrtausends der Wertbeitrag der IT zum Unternehmenserfolg noch umstritten, so negieren diesen heute nur noch die wenigsten Geschäftsführer. Wie Wertschöpfung durch Alignment von Unternehmens- und IT-Strategie mittels passender IT-Architekturen erzeugt wird, scheint für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) verschiedenster Branchen noch immer mysteriös. Besonders fatal ist diese Lücke in den KMU der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft, die klassischen Industriesektoren als Innovationslieferanten dienen. An dieser Stelle setzt der vorliegende Bericht an. Er baut auf den Ergebnissen des Forschungsprojekts KonfIT-SSC auf, das in den vergangenen Jahren die Möglichkeit erforschte, mit Produktkonfiguratoren den „strategical fit“ zwischen Business und IT-Strukturen zu bewerkstelligen. Die zentrale Herausforderung bei diesem Vorhaben war es, Daten über Informationssystemstrukturen und die sie bestimmenden Ökosysteme so zu erheben, dass sie einer formalen Modellierung von Regelwerken und der Konfiguration von Geschäftsarchitekturen zugänglich werden. Der vorliegende Bericht liefert Antworten auf die Fragen, wie sich passende IT-Service Strategien für Unternehmen der Kultur- und Kreativwirtschaft erreichen lassen, welchen Beitrag Produktkonfiguratoren dabei liefern können und mit welchen Methoden sich Daten gewinnen lassen, um generische IT-Architekturen für KMU der Kreativbranche definieren zu können. Dabei werden im Verlauf neben den Antworten auf die wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen auch die Ergebnisse der einzelnen Schritte zur Lösung der Aufgabenstellung in Form eines handelsüblichen Konfigurators dokumentiert. Als Methoden im Rahmen des Vorgehens kommen dabei zur Datengewinnung ein klassischer Literature Review, eine Online-Befragung sowie fünf Fallstudien in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen der Werbebranche, aber auch Interviews mit Experten zum Einsatz. Bei der Analyse der Daten werden die Modellierung von Wertschöpfungsnetzen (e3value und i*), aber auch die Referenzmodellierung von Unternehmensarchitekturen verwendet. Abschließend wird das Vorgehen bei der Entwicklung der Konfigurationsmodelle (Regelwerke) und der Implementierung erläutert.
Stress is recognized as a factor of predominant disease and in the future the costs for treatment will increase. The presented approach tries to detect stress in a very basic and easy to implement way, so that the cost for the device and effort to wear it remain low. The user should benefit from the fact that the system offers an easy interface reporting the status of his body in real time. In parallel, the system provides interfaces to pass the obtained data forward for further processing and (professional) analyses, in case the user agrees. The system is designed to be used in every day’s activities and it is not restricted to laboratory use or environments. The implementation of the enhanced prototype shows that the detection of stress and the reporting can be managed using correlation plots and automatic pattern recognition even on a very light weighted microcontroller platform.
An ongoing challenge in our days is to lower the impact on the quality of life caused by dysfunctionality through individual support. With the background of an aging society and continuous increases in costs for care, a holistic solution is needed. This solution must integrate individual needs and preferences, locally available possibilities, regional conditions, professional and informal caregivers and provide the flexibility to implement future requirements. The proposed model is a result of a common initiative to overcome the major obstacles and to center a solution on individual needs caused by dysfunctionality.
Context: Companies increasingly strive to adapt to market and ecosystem changes in real time. Gauging and understanding team performance in such changing environments present a major challenge.
Objective: This paper aims to understand how software developers experience the continuous adaptation of performance in a modern, highly volatile environment using Lean and Agile software development methodology. This understanding can be used as a basis for guiding formation and maintenance of high-performing teams, to inform performance improvement initiatives, and to improve working conditions for software developers.
Method: A qualitative multiple-case study using thematic interviews was conducted with 16 experienced practitioners in five organisations.
Results: We generated a grounded theory, Performance Alignment Work, showing how software developers experience performance. We found 33 major categories of performance factors and relationships between the factors. A cross-case comparison revealed similarities and differences between different kinds and different sizes of organisations.
Conclusions: Based on our study, software teams are engaged in a constant cycle of interpreting their own performance and negotiating its alignment with other stakeholders. While differences across organisational sizes exist, a common set of performance experiences is present despite differences in context variables. Enhancing performance experiences requires integration of soft factors, such as communication, team spirit, team identity, and values, into the overall development process. Our findings suggest a view of software development and software team performance that centres around behavioural and social sciences.
Purpose: This paper aims to conceptualize and empirically test the determinants of service interaction quality (SIQ) as attitude, behavior and expertise of a service provider (SP). Further, the individual and simultaneous effects of SIQ and its dimensions on important marketing outcomes are tested. Design/methodology/approach – The narrative review of extant research helps formulate a conceptual model of SIQ, which is investigated using the univariate and multivariate meta-analysis.
Findings: There are interdependencies between drivers of SIQ that underlines the need to conceptualize service interaction as a dyadic phenomenon; use contemporary multilevel models, dyadic models, non-linear structural equation modeling and process studies; and study new and diverse services contexts. Meta-analysis illustrates the relative importance of the three drivers of SIQ and, in turn, their impact on consumer satisfaction and loyalty.
Research limitations/implications – The meta-analysis is based on existing research, which, unfortunately, has not examined critical services or exigency situations where SIQ is of paramount importance. Future research will be tasked with diversifying to several important domains where SIQ is a critical aspect of perceived service quality.
Practical implications: This study emphasizes that, although the expertise of an SP is important, firms would be surprised to learn that the attitude and behavior of their employees are equally important antecedents. In fact, there is a delicate balance that needs to be found; otherwise, attitudinal factors can have an overall counterproductive effect on consumer satisfaction.
Originality/value: This paper provides an empirical synthesis of SIQ and opens up interesting areas for further research.
New or adapted digital business models have huge impacts on Enterprise Architectures (EA) and require them to become more agile, flexible, and adaptable. All these changes are happening frequently and are currently not well documented. An EA consists of a lot of elements with manifold relationships between them. Thus changing the business model may have multiple impacts on other architectural elements. The EA engineering process deals with the development, change and optimization of architectural elements and their dependencies. Thus an EA provides a holistic view for both business and IT from the perspective of many stakeholders, which are involved in EA decision-making processes. Different stakeholders have specific concerns and are collaborating today in often unclear decision-making processes. In our research we are investigating information from collaborative decision-making processes to support stakeholders in taking current decisions. In addition we provide all information necessary to understand how and why decisions were taken. We are collecting the decision-related information automatically to minimize manual time intensive work as much as possible. The core contribution of our research extends a decisional metamodel, which links basic decisions with architectural elements and extends them with an associated decisional case context. Our aim is to support a new integral method for multi perspective and collaborative decision-making processes. We illustrate this by a practice-relevant decision-making scenario for Enterprise Architecture Engineering.
In modern times markets are very dynamic. This situation requires agile enterprises to have the ability to react fast on market influences. Thereby an enterprise’ IT is especially affected, because new or changed business models have to be realized. However, enterprise architectures (EA) are complex structures consisting of many artifacts and relationships between them. Thus analyzing an EA becomes to a complex task for stakeholders. In addition, many stakeholders are involved in decision-making processes, because Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) targets providing a holistic view of the enterprise. In this article we use concepts of Adaptive Case Management (ACM) to design a decision-making case consisting of a combination of different analysis techniques to support stakeholders in decision-making. We exemplify the case with a scenario of a fictive enterprise.
Big Data wird aktuell als einer der Haupttrends der IT-Industrie diskutiert. Big Data d. h. auf Basis großer Mengen unterschiedlich strukturierter Daten die Entscheidungen in Echtzeit oder prognostisch zu treffen. Von hochleistungsfähigen, schnell verfügbaren Prognoseverfahren erhofft man sich eine Risikominimierung für unternehmerische Entscheidungen in hochvolatilen Märkten.
Die Energiewende bietet reichlich Fragen für verschiedenste Wissenschaftsdisziplinen einschließlich der Informatik und Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI). Bedauerlicherweise wurde bisher der Bereich der regionalen Energiegenossenschaften und kleinerer Energieversorgungsunternehmen weitgehend von der WI-Forschung vernachlässigt. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die aktuelle Situation dieser Organisationen dar und konzentriert sich auf die bestehende Wissenslücke von Geschäftsmodellen (GM) für Energiegenossenschaften (EG) als Zusammenschluss aus Privatpersonen oder kleinen Unternehmen, welche primär regionale, erneuerbare Energie produzieren. Die Modell- und Theorieentwicklung basiert auf der klassischen Literaturrecherche, Fallstudien in der Energiewirtschaft (EW), sowie grafischer Modellierung. Als Ergebnis wird das Referenzgeschäftsmodell einer EG als morphologischer Business Model Canvas vorgestellt. Dieses singuläre GM wird um die Darstellung des Wertschöpfungsnetzwerks, welches die strukturelle Einbindung der Akteure in das digitale Ökosystem der EG berücksichtigt, erweitert. Das aus der Forschung resultierende Referenzmodell dient der kritischen Überprüfung empirisch vorfindbarer GM und zur weiteren Entwicklung von Unternehmensarchitekturen digitaler Unternehmensverbünde.
Customer services in the digital transformation: social media versus hotline channel performance
(2015)
Due to the digital transformation online service strategies have gained prominence in practice as well as in the theory of service management. This study examines the efficacy of different types of service channels in customer complaint handling. The theoretical framework, developed using complaint handling and social media literature, is tested against data collected from two different channels (hotline and social media) of a German telecommunication service provider. We contribute to the understanding of firm’s multichannel distribution strategy in two ways: a) by conceptualizing and evaluating complaint handling quality across traditional and social media channels, and b) by testing the impact of complaint handling quality on key performance outcomes like customer loyalty, positive word-of-mouth, and cross purchase intentions.
The Internet of Things (IoT) fundamentally influences today’s digital strategies with disruptive business operating models and fast changing markets. New business information systems are integrating emerging Internet of Things infrastructures and components. With the huge diversity of Internet of Things technologies and products organizations have to leverage and extend previous enterprise architecture efforts to enable business value by integrating the Internet of Things into their evolving Enterprise Architecture Management environments. Both architecture engineering and management of current enterprise architectures is complex and has to integrate beside the Internet of Things synergistic disciplines like EAM - Enterprise Architecture and Management with disciplines like: services & cloud computing, semantic-based decision support through ontologies and knowledge-based systems, big data management, as well as mobility and collaboration networks. To provide adequate decision support for complex business/IT environments, it is necessary to identify affected changes of Internet of Things environments and their related fast adapting architecture. We have to make transparent the impact of these changes over the integral landscape of affected EAM-capabilities, like directly and transitively impacted IoT-objects, business categories, processes, applications, services, platforms and infrastructures. The paper describes a new metamodel-based approach for integrating partial Internet of Things objects, which are semi-automatically federated into a holistic Enterprise Architecture Management environment.
Enterprise architecture management (EAM) is a holistic approach to tackle the complex Business and IT architecture. The transformation of an organization’s EA towards a strategy-oriented system is a continuous task. Many stakeholders have to elaborate on various parts of the EA to reach the best decisions to shape the EA towards an optimized support of the organizations’ capabilities. Since the real world is too complex, analyzing techniques are needed to detect optimization potentials and to get all information needed about an issue. In practice visualizations are commonly used to analyze EAs. However these visualizations are mostly static and do not provide analyses. In this article we combine analyzing techniques from literature and interactive visualizations to support stakeholders in EA decision-making.
The stimulation of user engagement has received significant attention in extant research. However, the theory of antecedents for user engagement with an initial electronic word-of-mouth (eWoM) communication is relatively less developed. In an investigation of 576 unique user postings across independent Facebook (FB) communities for two German firms, we contribute to the extant knowledge on user engagement in two different ways. First, we explicate senders’ prior usage experience and the extent of their acquaintance with other community members as the two key drivers of user engagement across a product and a service community. Second, we reveal that these main effects differ according to the type of community. In service communities, experience has a stronger impact on user engagement; whereas, in product communities, acquaintance is more important.
In recent years, the rise of the digital transformation received significant importance in Business-to-Business (B2B) research. Social media applications provide executives with a raft of new options. Consequently, interfaces to social media platforms have also been integrated into B2B salesforce applications, although very little is as yet known about their usage and general impact on B2B sales performance. This paper evaluates 1) the conceptualization of social media usage in a dyadic B2B relationship; 2) the effects of a more differentiated usage construct on customer satisfaction; 3) antecedents of social media usage on multiple levels; and 4) the effectiveness of social media usage for different types of customers. The framework presented here is tested cross-industry against data collected from dyadic buyer seller relationships in the IT service industry. The results elucidate the preconditions and the impact of social media usage strategies in B2B sales relations.
Im Rahmen der Vernetzung des Autos drängen neue Wettbewerber in die Automobilindustrie. Mittels disruptiver Innovationsmethoden haben Google, Apple, Facebook und Co. bereits Branchen grundlegend verändert und Marktführer wie Nokia oder Otto innerhalb weniger Jahre abgelöst. Die folgende Arbeit befasst sich mit diesen Methoden und der Fragestellung, wie sie in den automotiven Produktentstehungsprozess integriert werden können, um nachhaltig erfolgreiche Geschäftsmodelle am Markt platzieren zu können.
Location-based services in buildings represent a great advantage for people to search places, products or people. In our paper we examine the feasibility of Bluetooth iBeacons for indoor localization. In the first part we define and evaluate the iBeacon technology through different experiments. In the second part our solution application is described. Our system is able to estimate the position of the user’s smartphone based on RSSI measurements. Therefore we used the built-in smartphone sensor and a building map with required sender information. Trilateration is used as positioning technique in contrast to fingerprinting to minimize beforehand effort. Results are promising but cannot reach the same accuracy level as sensor-fusion or fingerprinting approaches.
Enterprise Architecture (EA) management is an activity that seeks to foster the alignment of business and IT, and pursues various goals further operationalizing this alignment. Key to effective EA management is a framework that defines the roles, activities, and viewpoints used for EA management in accordance to the concerns that the stakeholders aim to address. Consensus holds that such frameworks are organization-specific and hence they are designed in governance activities for EA management. As of today, top-down approaches for governance are used to derive organization-specific frameworks. These usually lack systematic mechanisms for improving the framework based on the feedback of the responsible stakeholders. We outline a bottom-up approach for EA management governance that systematically observes the behavior of the actors to learn user concerns and recommend appropriate viewpoints. With this approach, we complement traditional top-down governance activities.
Decision-making in the field of Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a complex task. Many organizations establish a set of complex processes and hierarchical structures to enable strategy-driven development of their EA. This leads to slow and inefficient decision-making entailing bad time-to-market and discontented stakeholders. Collaborative EA delineates a lightweight approach to enable EA decisions but often neglects strategic alignment. In this paper, we present an approach to integrate the concept of collaborative EA and goal-driven decision-making through collaborative modeling of goal-oriented information demands based on ArchiMate’s motivation extension to reach a goal-oriented EA decision support in a collaborative EA environment.